Since Gibbon designed the first heart lung bypass machine in cats in 1937, Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has improved a great deal and has developed tremendously. But there are still many complications including hematologic, renal, cardiac, neurologic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions associated with this brilliant technique. Research of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of CPB has progressed with the aid of a number of investigative techniques and models, both animal and human. Large animal models have been, and remain, extremely valuable for the study of "full-scale" technologies, particularly prior to clinical application. However, the expenses are too large, and the managements of animals are too difficult in the perioprative period. A preclinical model of CPB for small animals is desirable. The main advantage of a rat model is the low costs of animals and equipment, and the convenience of research which does not require a full-scale operating environment, and a large availability of assays. It is very suitable to study the fluid dynamic, inflammatory, and organ system responses in which physiological mechanisms rather than the technology itself are the focus for investigation. Some of these researches has been done, therefore, in a truly clinically relevant model of bypass, one in which the surface area and priming volume of the circuitry, together with the surgical approach to the procedure, are matched with the clinical model, has not been achieved yet. We review the different models of CPB for rats, discuss their characteristics, give suggestions and requirements for a new up-to-date model that could be a useful tool in continued research on the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of CPB.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of digestive system dysfunctions after cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods The clinical data of 2349 consecutive cases undergoing cardiovascular surgery with CPB from Jan 1996 to Dec 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis of digestive system dysfuctions were summarized. Results The incidence of digestive system dysfunctions was 1.4% (n=33), and the most common events were paralytic ileus (33.3%, n=11) and gastrointestinal bleeding (27.3%, n=9). Liver function insufficiency and ischemic bowel disease were the most common causes of deaths. 26(78.8%) patients underwent medicine treatment, 7(21.2%) patients accepted surgical interventions, and 5 patients (15.2%) died. Conclusion Digestive system dysfunctions following cardiovascular surgery were uncommon but had a high mortality. Advanced ages, history of gastrointestinal disease and perioperative hemodynamic unstability may be the clinical risk factors of digestive system dysfuctions. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for the outcome of the patients.

Purpose:To evaluate the protection of astragalus injection for Doxorubicin (adriamycin)-associated cardiotoxicity. Methods:58 patients were randomized into two groups for this clinical trial. 30 patients were in the test group ,and 28 in control group. Patients in the test group received astragalus injection in 5% glucose solution once every day for two weeks starting three days before adriamycin-based chemotherapy. 28 patients in the control group began to receive oral vitamin E 100 mg twice a day and coenzyme Q10 20 mg three times a day for two weeks. Chemotherapy is the same as that in the test group. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram were employed to evaluate the cardiac function. Results:There was a substantial difference in ejection fracton between the two groups,but the difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were observed in the two groups with regard to all other parameters,including abnormal changes in ECG and LVIDD、LVISD、A/E、FS. Conclusions:Astragalus injection is a good drug which can prevent the occurrence of acute cardiotoxicity associated with adriamycin. It can also reduce the occurrence of chronic cardiotoxicity.

Islet β cell secretion deficiency and( or) the decreased insulin sensitivity of target tissue are the important pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes. So,detection and assessment of isletβcell function in the early stages,could be of great significance for disease severity evaluation,early intervention and prognosis of the disease. At present,the main methods of the testing and assessment ofβcell function includeβcell function evaluating indexes,pulsatile insulin secretion,insulin secretion by glucose or non-glucose secretagogues and func-tion testing by other secretions of isletβcells. Among of them,βcell functional assessment methods by detecting C-peptide( especially aspects such as 90 minutes of C-peptide testing in mixed-meal tolerance test,urinary C-pep-tide creatinine ratio) have experienced some progress in recent years.

The mechanisms of general anesthesia, which was introduced about 170 years ago, remain poorly under- stood. Even less well understood are the effects of general anesthesia on the human body. Recently we identified 18 G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) genes of Daphnia pulex, an invertebrate model organism. Phylogenetic analysis identified these genes to be the homologs of the human γ-aminobutyric acid, type B (GABAB) receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), adrenergic receptor, serotonin (5-HT) receptor, dopamine receptor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). Using reverse transcription and quantitative PCR techniques, we systematically measured the effects of propofol, etomidate and ethanol on these 18 GPCR mRNA expressions in Daphnia pulex.
Animals ; Daphnia ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ethanol ; pharmacology ; Etomidate ; pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-B ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the effect of c-maf gene on the MM cells' proliferation and invasion activity. Methods:Lipo-fectin Reagent was used to transfect c-maf siRNA into multiple myeloma cell of RPMI8226. The mRNA expression level of c-maf was detected by RT-PCR.Cell growth curve was measured by MTT assay. Transwell chamber test was used to measure MM cells' in vitro in-vasion activity. The cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytomentry. The protein expression levels of survivin,MMP-2, MMP-9, ARK5 and cyclin B1 were detected by Western blot. We also detected the activity of Caspase-3/7. Results:The c-maf siRNA was effectively transfected into cells and the mRNA expression of the c-maf gene was inhibited.MTT test and Transwell chamber test showed that the proliferation and in vitro invasion activity of transfected cells were significantly lower than those of other two groups (P<0.05). Cell cycle of c-maf siRNA transfected group cells was arrested in G2/M phase. The expression levels of survivin,MMP-2, MMP-9,ARK5,cyclin B1 and the activity of Caspase-3/7 between c-maf siRNA transfected group and the other two groups were sta-tistically different (P<0.05). Conclusion:c-maf gene by c-maf siRNA can remarkably inhibit proliferation and invasion of multiple my-eloma cell lines of RPMI8226. C-maf gene may be used as the target for multiple myeloma gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the expression characteristic of metastasis associated 1(MTA1) protein in laryngocarcino-ma tissue and to analyze its relationship with matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C) proteinin .Methods The Western blot method was adopt to detect the expression levels of MTA1 ,MMP-9 and VEGF-C protein in the specimens of normal laryngeal mucosal tissue ,paracarcinoma tissue and tumor tissue from 40 cases of laryngocarcinoma .Re-sults Compared with the groups of laryngocarcinoma without lymph node metastasis ,paracarcinoma and normal tissue ,the expres-sion level of MTA1 protein in the laryngocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis group was significantly increased (P<0 .05) .The expression of MTA1 protein in the laryngocarcinoma tissue was significantly correlated with the lymph nodes metastasis ,tumor staging and differentiation degree of laryngocarcinoma (P<0 .05) and was positively correlated with the expression of VEGF-C and MMP-9 (P<0 .05) .Conclusion MTA1 may participate in the development ,progress and metastasis of laryngocarcinoma .Moreo-ver the regulating effect may exist among MTA1 ,MMP-9 and VEGF-C .

Objective To study the role of water exact from salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) in promoting hair regrowth in testosterone (T)-induced alopecia in mice.Methods Pathological alopecia mice were induced by T and the mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,Zhanggvanp 101 group,SM low-dose group,SM middle-dose group,SM high-dose group (20,40,80 mg/ml,respectively).The effects of SM on hair regrowth were evaluated by measuring hair length,weight and the number of hair follicle.The concentration of serum T and estrodiol (E2),the content of skin VEGF,MDA,SOD,and GSH-Px were measured after external inunctum for 21 days.Results (1) SM significantly promoted regrowth hair length,weight and the number of hair follicle (P＜0.05) (2) SM significantly balanced the hormones by reducing levels of T and increasing E2 (P＜0.05) (3) SM significantly reduced the content of MDA by increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px (P＜0.05) (4) SM significantly increased the level of VEGF (P＜0.05) Conclusion In the pathological alopecia mice induced by T,SM can effectively promote the hair regrowth,with the possible mechanism of balancing hormones,being anti-oxidant and improving VEGF expression.

Objective To observe the protective effect of meicha protein on the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR),and explore its mechanism.Methods Fourty healthy SHR rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:model control group,Meicha protein low dose group(70 mg·kg-1)、Meicha protein high dose group(140 mg·kg-1),Compound Kendir Leaves Tablets group(50 mg·kg-1),n=10.The rats were orally administered twice daily by gavage for seven weeks,measuring blood pressure in each group fort nightly.1 h after the last administration,drawing off the blood from carotid,stripping off the heart tissue,and the organ index was calculated;Taking a part of the tissue with 4% paraformaldehyde for Pathological histology.Detection of serum NO,ET-1 levels as well as the organization of the ACE and Ang II mRNA expression to explore the mechanism of its buck.Results Meicha protein could significantly reduce the blood pressure of SHR;The impact on the rat organ coefficient was not obvious,but had a protective effect on heart tissue.Compared with the model control group,the contents of NO an ET-1 were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the high dose of Meicha protein could induce ACE,AngⅡ,CYP11B2.The expression of mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion The possible mechanism of Meicha protein antihypertensionis relevant to increase the content of NO in serum,reduce the content of ET-1 in serum,reduce mRNA expression of ACE and AngⅡin cardiac tissue.

Objective To investigate the efficacy observation of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)for improving the attention in patients with infarction in basal ganglia area. Methods Sixty consecutive patients with basal ganglia infarction admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from May 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into either a control group or a test group according to the random number table (n = 30 in each group). The patients in both groups received routine rehabilitation training,and those in the test group received tDCS therapy synchronously,and the control group received the sham tDCS stimulation. The evaluations and analyses were conducted with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),d2 test of attention,and event-related potential-P300 (ERP-P300),respectively in all patients before intervention and 4 weeks after intervention,and they were compared between the groups. Results There was no significant difference before intervention between the two groups (all P > 0. 05). Compared with before intervention,the ERP-P300 latencies were reduced,the amplitudes were increased after intervention in the patients of the test group and the control group (all P < 0. 05). The MoCA total scores (the test group:22. 7 ± 2. 7 vs. 15. 5 ±
2. 4;the control group:17. 2 ±2. 5 vs. 15. 6 ±2. 3),attention dimension scores (the test group:4. 6 ± 1. 2 vs. 2. 4 ± 1. 6;the control group:3. 6 ± 1. 5 vs. 2. 5 ± 1. 5),and the total completion of d2 attention test task, total scores,and concentration degree scores (the test group:295 ± 31 vs. 250 ± 45,279 ± 38 vs. 223 ± 52, 97 ± 22 vs. 75 ± 25;the control group:276 ± 33 vs. 247 ± 45,257 ± 39 vs. 211 ± 56,84 ± 23 vs. 71 ± 24) were all increased (all P < 0. 05),and all the indexes of the test group were better than those of the control group (all P < 0. 05). Conclusion tDCS contributes to the improvement of the attention in patients with infarction in the internal capsule-basal ganglia region.