[Objective] To observe the clinical effects of Zhishang Jiaonang on soft tissue injury of chest wall.[Method] A randomized,positive-controlled trial was adopted,120 cases was divide into trial group(n=90) and the control group(n=30).[Result] 60 cases were cured(66.7%),29 better(32.2%),1 had no effect(1.1%) in trial group;14 cases were cured(46.7%),15 better(50.0%),1 had no effect(3.3%) in control group. With marked difference after statistical dealing,P

0.05). The scaffolds produced no effect on the cell proliferation and had a low cytotoxicity, with chondrocytes tiled and lots of microspikes and matrixes secreted on the surface. Conclusion: The PCL-b-PLLA scaffold has a good compatibility with cells and is suitable for cartilage tissue engineering.

How to reduce immune response is an unprecedented challenge for rAAV gene medicine. Recent studies suggested that lowering dosage of the vector used could reduce immune response caused by rAAV gene medicine. Nevertheless, it would also decrease the transgene expression, leading to failure of gene treatment. It is therefore important to take appropriate steps to maintain high gene expression level and pharmacodynamic, while the dosage of rAAV used is reduced. Here, steps to enhancing gene therapy, such as optimization of the administration, reconstruction of the viral vector and selection of the promoter, are discussed in order to achieve maximum outcome.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine pretreat-ment on cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine in rats.Methods Forty eight adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):saline control group (group C),dexmedetomi-dine 5 μg/kg group(group D5),dexmedetomidine 10 μg/kg group(group D10)and dexmedetomidine 1 5 μg/kg group(group D1 5 ).A Ⅱ-lead electrocardiogram(ECG)was continuously monitored,the femoral artery was cannulated for direct measurement of MAP and the femoral vein was cannulated for infusion of drugs.Groups D5,D10 and D1 5 were received infusion of dexmedetomidine 5,10 and 1 5μg/kg respectively 1 5 minutes before administration of bupivacaine,while the equal volume of saline was given in group C,then all rats received infusion 0.75% bupivacaine at the rate of 2 mg·kg-1· min-1 until asystole occurred.The doses of bupivacaine and the times of bupivacaine-induced convul-sions,arrhythmia and asystole were recorded respectively,and the myocardial concentration of bupiv-acaine was observed.Results Compared with group C,the doses of bupivacaine and the times of bupivacaine-induced convulsions,arrhythmia and asystole were all increased in groups D5,D10 and D1 5 (P <0.05).Compared with group D5,the above parameters were increased in groups D10 and D1 5 (P <0.05 ).There was no statistical significance of the above parameters between groups D10 and group D1 5.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine pretreatment can raise the threshold toxic dose of bupi-vacaine,delay the time of occurrence of cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine,so that to prevent the cardiac toxicities of bupivacaine in rats,and it produces a dose-dependent protective effect within a certain dose range.

Objective To investigate the role of Rho/Rock signaling pathways in ventilator-in-duced lung injury in rats.Methods Ninety-six male SD rats,weighing 300-350 g,were equally and randomly divided into four groups using a random number table (n =24 each):control group (group C),fasudil group (group F),high tidal volume group (group H)and high tidal volume + fasudil group (group HF).Rats in group C and group F received no mechanical ventilation,rats in group H and group HF were intubated and mechanically ventilated (VT = 40 ml/kg,RR = 40 beats per minutes,FiO 2 =40%)for 4 h.The animals in group F and group HF were given intraperitoneal in-jection of fasudil 10 mg/kg at the time 1 h before mechanically ventilated.Six rats were chosen in each group at the time before ventilation (T0 )and at 4,8,24 h after ventilation (T1-T3 ),and blood sam-ples were taken for determination of the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),IL-6 and IL-10,lungs were removed,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)was collected to examine protein content,wet/drying (W/D)ratio was determined,which were then stained with haematoxylin and e-osin and examined under microscope,the pathological changes of lungs were scored.Myeloperoxidase (MPO)activity in lung tissue was determined by spectrophptometry.Protein and gene expression of RhoA and Rock2 in the lung tissue were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).Results Compared with group C,the serum TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10,BALF protein content, W/D ratio,the pathological scores,MPO activity,the expression of RhoA,Rock2 protein and mR-NA were significantly increased in group H and HF at T1-T3 (P <0.05 ).Compared with group H, the serum TNF-αand IL-6,BALF protein content,W/D ratio,the pathological scores,MPO activi-ty,the expression of RhoA,Rock2 protein and mRNA were significantly decreased,and the serum IL-10 was significantly increased in group HF at T1-T3 (P <0.05).Conclusion Fasudil can attenuate ventilator-induced lung injury in rats,and the mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the Rho/Rock signaling pathways reducing the inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride(PHC)precon-ditioning on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI)in rats.Methods Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 230-250 g,were randomly divided into three groups (n =18 each):sham op-eration group (group S),HIRI group (group HR)and penehyclidine hydrochloride group (group PHC).In group S,the hepatoduodenal ligaments of rats were only pulled and separated,then abdo-mens were closed.In group HR,an atraumatic vascular clip was placed on the vessels blocking the portal venous blood supply to the median and left lateral lobes of the liver for 45 minutes,which re-sulted in approximately 70% rat liver ischemia injury.In group PHC,the rats were treated with 0.45 mg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride at 30 minutes before the portal venous and hepatic arterial were blocked like group HR.Animals were killed at 2 h (T1 ,n =6),4 h (T2 ,n =6),24 h (T3 ,n =6) after HIRI or sham surgery.Liver tissues and blood samples were taken for analysis.The serum con-centration of ALT and AST were measured as the markers of hepatic functional damage.The TNF-a and IL-1βconcentration were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)tech-nique.The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS ) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression were measured by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with group S,the expressions of ALT,AST,TNF-αand IL-1βin groups HR and PHC increased at T1-T3 (P <0.05), which were similar to the change trend of HIR-1αand eNOS expressions (P <0.05).Compared with group HR,the expression of ALT,AST,TNF-αand IL-1βin group PHC decreased at T1-T3 (P <0.05).Nevertheless expression of HIF-1αand eNOS of groups HR and HPC were increased than that of group S,and experssion of HIF-1αand eNOS of group HPC were increased than that of group HR at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion PHC preconditioning can protect the liver from HIRI.The mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of eNOS and HIF-1α,as well as reducing the in-flammatory response.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric factor on lidocaine-induced apoptosis in spinal neurons in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-300 g,were used in the study.Diabetic neuropathic pain was induced by high-sugar high-fat diet + intraperitoneal 1％ streptozotocin (STZ) 30 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose level ＞ 16.65 mmol/L at 3 days after STZ injection and then intrathecal catheter was placed.Twenty-four rats with diabetic neuropathic pain in which IT catheters were successfully implanted were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each):hyperbaric lidocaine group (group HL),isobaric lidocaine group (group IL),and glucose group (group G).Another 8 rats in which IT catheters were successfully inserted served as control group (group C).2％ hyperbaric lidocaine 10 μl (in C and HL groups),2％ isobaric lidocaine 10 μl (in group IL),or 10％ glucose 10 μl (in group G) was injected intrathecally once a day for 3 consecutive days.The duration of motor block was recorded at 2 min after each administration.The paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation (PWT) was measured before STZ injection (T1),before IT injection (T2),at 30 min after administration on 1st,2nd and 3rd days and on day 5 after the end of administration (T3-6).All the rats were sacrificed at T6 and their L4,5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for microscopic examination.The apoptosis in spinal neurons was detected using TUNEL assay.Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,PWT was significantly decreased at T2-5 in HL,IL and G groups.PWT was significantly higher at T6 than at T2-5 in group HL.Compared with group C,the duration of motor block was significantly prolonged and the apoptotic index was increased in group HL.Compared with group IL,the duration of motor block was significantly prolonged and the apoptotic index was increased in group HL.Conclusion Hyperbaric factor can promote lidocaine-induced apoptosis in spinal neurons in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain.

Objective To evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on postoperative synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 region in aged rats.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 20-22 months,weighing 550-650 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),operation group (group O) and SGB + operation group (group SGB).Group SGB received right SGB with 0.25％ bupivacaine 0.15 ml.Groups O and SGB underwent 30 min of exploratory laparotomy starting from 15 min after the end of administration.Y-maze test was performed on 1 day after operation in 6 rats chosen from each group for assessment of cognitive function.The frequency of standard training and standard time were recorded.Six rats were chosen from each group on 1,3 and 7 days after operation and sacrificed and the hippocampal CA3 region was isolated for microscopic examination and for measurement of synaptic structure.Results Compared with group C,the standard time was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of standard training was increased in groups O and SGB,the width of synaptic cleft was increased,the thickness of post-synaptic density was decreased,the length of active zones was shortened,and the curvature of the synaptic interface was decreased on 1,3 and 7 days after operation in group O (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in each synaptic structure parameter in group SGB (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group O,the standard time was significantly shortened,the frequency of standard training was decreased,the width of synaptic cleft was decreased,the thickness of the post-synaptic density was increased,the length of active zones was prolonged,and the curvature of the synaptic interface was increased on 1,3 and 7 days after operation in group SGB (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which SGB improves the postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats may be related to inhibition of changes of synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 region.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of postoperative analgesia and early rehabil-itation between the wound infiltration combined with intravenous analgesia and epidural analgesia after hepatectomy.Methods Forty-eight patients with liver carcinoma,37 males and 1 1 females,aged 40-65 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in group T were given 0.375% ropivacaine 30 ml for incision infiltration before closing the abdomen and intrave-nous analgesia.Patients in group E were given 0.2% ropivacaine 100 ml for epidural analgesia. Pareoxib sodium 40 mg was injected intravenously 30 min toward the end of the operation.Pain scores were assessed by VAS at postoperative 2,6,12,24 and 48 h.Postoperative activity distance was re-corded on 1st,2nd,3th day after surgery;the time first getting off bed and hospital stay were recor-ded.Finally,the complications were also recorded.Results Compared with group T,VAS scores at rest and in activity 12,24 and 48 h postoperatively were significantly lower (P <0.05 ).Compared with group E,postoperative activity distance on 1st,2nd and 3th day after surgery in group T were shorter.Furthermore,the time first getting off bed and the hospital stay in group T were shorter than those in group E (P <0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups had no sta-tistical significance.Conclusion The wound infiltration combined with intravenous analgesia is benefi-cial to early recovery and shorter hospital stay.