OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effectiveness of transverse antecubital incision in the treatment of failed closed reduction of Gartland type Ⅲ supracondylar humeral fractures (SHFs) in children. METHODS: Between July 2020 and April 2022, 20 children with Gartland type Ⅲ SHFs who failed in closed reduction were treated with internal and external condylar crossing Kirschner wire fixation through transverse antecubital incision. There were 9 boys and 11 girls with an average age of 3.1 years (range, 1.1-6.0 years). The causes of injuries were fall in 12 cases and fall from height in 8 cases. The time from admission to operation ranged from 7 to 18 hours, with an average of 12.4 hours. The healing of the incision and the occurrence of complications such as nerve injury and cubitus varus were observed after operation; the elbow flexion and extension range of motion after removing the gypsum, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up were recorded and compared, as well as the elbow flexion and extension and forearm rotation range of motion at last follow-up between healthy and affected sides; the Baumann angle was measured on the X-ray film, and the fracture healing was observed. At last follow-up, the effectiveness was evaluated according to the Flynn elbow function evaluation criteria. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention, and there was no skin necrosis, scar contracture, ulnar nerve injury, and cubitus varus. Postoperative pain occurred in the radial-dorsal thumb in 2 cases. The gypsum was removed and elbow flexion and extension exercises were started at 2-4 weeks (mean, 2.7 weeks) after operation, and the Kirschner wire was removed at 4-5 weeks (mean, 4.3 weeks). All the 20 patients were followed up 6-16 months, with an average of 12.4 months. The fracture healing time was 4-5 weeks, with an average of 4.5 weeks, and there was no complication such as delayed healing and myositis ossificans. The flexion and extension range of motion of the elbow joint gradually improved after operation, and there were significant differences between the time after removing the gypsum, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up ( P<0.017). There was no significant difference in the flexion and extension of the elbow joint and the forearm rotation range of motion between the healthy and affected sides at last follow-up ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Baumann angle between the time of immediate after operation, after removing the Kirschner wire, and at last follow-up ( P>0.05). According to Flynn elbow function evaluation standard, 16 cases were excellent and 4 cases were good, the excellent and good rate was 100%. CONCLUSION The treatment of Gartland type Ⅲ SHFs in children with failed closed reduction by internal and external condylar crossing Kirschner wire fixation through transverse antecubital incision has the advantages of complete soft tissue hinge behind the fracture for easy reduction and wire fixation, small incision, less complications, fast fracture healing, early functional recovery, reliable reduction and fixation, and can obtain satisfactory results.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Calcium Sulfate ; Humerus ; Humeral Fractures/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Bone Wires ; Fracture Healing ; Treatment Outcome ; Range of Motion, Articular

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Objective To evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in rats.Methods Forty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 4-6 weeks,weighing 200-220 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group Sham),VCI group,right SGB group (group R) and left SGB group (groupL).VCI was induced by permanently ligating bilateral common carotid arteries of anesthetized rats.SGB model was established by transection of the left and right cervical sympathetic trunk while establishing the VCI model in group L and group R,respectively.At 8 weeks after establishing VCI model,Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory abilities,serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β protein concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,the hippocampal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured using microplate method,and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1α (PGC-1α),NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1),zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1),and claudin-5 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group Sham,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened,the hippocampal MDA content and concentration of serum S100β protein and NSE were increased,hippocampal SOD activity was decreased,the expression of PGC-1α,ZO-1 and claudin-5 was down-regulated,and the expression of NOX1 was up-regulated in group VCI (P＜0.05).Compared with group VCI,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the time of staying at the target quadrant was prolonged,the hippocampal MDA content and concentration of serum S100β protein and NSE were decreased,hippocampal SOD activity was increased,the expression of PGC-1α,ZO-1 and claudin-5 was up-regulated,and the expression of NOX1 was down-regulated in group R,and the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the hippocampal SOD activity was increased,the MDA content was decreased,and the expression of NOX1 was down-regulated in group L (P＜0.05).Compared with group R,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened,the hippocampal MDA content and serum NSE concentration were increased,the hippocampal SOD activity was decreased,the expression of PGC-1α and claudin-5 was down-regulated,and the expression of NOX1 was up-regulated in group L (P＜0.05).Conclusion SGB can alleviate VCI,and left SGB produces better efficacy than right SGB,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the oxidative stress responses and reducing the damage to blood brain barrier in rats.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway in mediating the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) to alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats.

METHODSSeventy-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 18-20 months (weighing 500-700 g) were randomized equally into normal control group, POCD model group, DEX pretreatment group, and DEX and SIRT1 inhibitor (EX527) pretreatment group. In the latter 2 groups, DEX (25 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in the rats 30 min before the operation, and normal saline was injected instead in the other 2 groups; in EX527 group, EX527 (1 μg/kg) was injected intravenously 5 min before the operation. In all but the control group, the rats were subjected to laparotomy lasting 30 min, and on days 1, 3, and 5 following the operation, 6 rats were randomly selected from each group for Morris water maze test to evaluate their cognitive functions. Immediately after the test, the rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus was collected for determination of the levels of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) using ELISA; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SIRT1 and nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) in the hippocampal neurons.

RESULTSCompared with the control rats, the rats in POCD group and EX527 group showed significantly prolonged escape latency, decreased frequency of crossing the original platform, increased TNF- and IL-6 levels, lowered SIRT1 expression in the hippocampal neurons, and increased NF-κB expression ( < 0.05), and these parameters were comparable between POCD group and EX527 group ( > 0.05). DEX pretreatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and attenuated the changes in TNF-, IL-6, SIRT1, and NF-κB expressions induced by the operation ( < 0.05), and EX527 pretreatment of the rats obviously blocked the effects of DEX ( < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDEX alleviates POCD in aged rats probably via SIRT1 signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the role of sirtuin 1 ( SIRT1)∕nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κB) signaling pathway in oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration ( OGD∕R) injury to hippocampal neurons of mice. Methods The HT22 hippocampal neurons were seeded in a culture plate ( 96-well plate, 100 μl∕well; 6-well plate, 2 ml∕well) at the density of 5×104 cells∕ml or in a culture dish (6 cm in diameter), and then divided into 4 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table method: control group ( group C) , OGD∕R group ( group OGD) , SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 preconditioning group ( group EX) and SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 preconditioning group ( group SRT) . Neurons were cultured in normal culture atmosphere at 37 ℃ in group C. In OGD, EX and SRT groups, the culture medium was replaced with oxygen-poor flu-id, and neurons were exposed to 5％ CO2-95％ N2 for 12 h in an incubator at 37℃, oxygen-poor fluid was replaced with the culture medium, and neurons were cultured for 24 h in normal culture atmosphere at 37℃. SIRT1 inhibitor EX-5271 μmol∕L and SIRT1 agonist SRT172010 μmol∕L were added at 12 h beforeOGD in EX and SRT groups, respectively. The cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay, the activity of LDH was detected by chemical colorimetry, cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry, the ex-pression of SIRT1, NF-κB, IκBα, Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot, and the Bcl-2∕Bax ratio was calculated. Results Compared with group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, LDH ac-tivity and cell apoptosis rate were increased, the expression of SIRT1, IκBα and Bcl-2 was down-regula-ted, the expression of NF-κB and Bax was up-regulated, and the Bcl-2∕Bax ratio was decreased in OGD, EX and SRT groups ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group OGD, the cell viability was significantly increased, the LDH activity and cell apoptosis rate were decreased, the expression of SIRT1, IκBαand Bcl-2 was up-regulated, the expression of NF-κB and Bax was down-regulated, and the Bcl-2∕Bax ratio was increased in group SRT, and the cell viability was significantly decreased, LDH activity and cell apoptosis rate were in-creased, the expression of SIRT1, IκBαand Bcl-2 was down-regulated, the expression of NF-κB and Bax was up-regulated, and the Bcl-2∕Bax ratio was decreased in group EX (P<0. 05). Conclusion SIRT1∕NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition is involved in OGD∕R injury to hippocampal neurons of mice.

Objective To detect the feasibility and safety of applying all-seeing needle in transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy.Methods Retrospective analysis was made with clinical data of 32 patients of hemospermia treated with transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy using all-seeing needle from March 2016 to January 2018.The patients'age was (38.8 ± 8.7) years (27-60 years) and the course of disease was (7.1 ±3.3) months (2-15 months).Ultrasound before operation showed heterogeneous echo,or expansion of the seminal vesicle.MRI showed hemorrhage of the seminal vesicle,or abnormal signal of the seminal vesicle.Patients had levofloxacin or mosisasin anti-infection therapy more than one month and remained uncovered.The operation was performed under subarachnoid anesthesia,and the patients took the lithotomy position.The F4.8 all-seeing needle entered the posterior urethra,the verumontanum was found,and the saline was slowly pushed with a syringe to maintain a clear view.Then,the ejaculatory duct opening was searched on both sides of the verumontanum.If the ejaculatory duct opening cannot be found in the normal position,we entered the needle into the prostatic utricle to find the possible ectopic opening.If the ejaculatory duct opening was still not found,at the 5 and 7 o'clock positions in the prostatic utricle,the needle was probed and punctured into the side wall of the ejaculatory duct.Visible puncture with all-seeing needle can effectively avoid penetrating blood vessels and reduce damage to tissues during puncture.In this study,the ejaculatory duct opening got accessed on the verumontanum in 14 cases,through ectopic openings within the prostatic utricle in 2 cases,and through artificial establishment in 5 and 7 o'clock positions within prostatic utricle in 16 cases.After entering the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle,we explored the cavities of the seminal vesicles.For stones or polyps,after replacing the outer sheath to F8,F1.9 stone retrieval basket was applied to remove stones or polyps,followed by rinsing the seminal vesicles with normal saline,0.02％ nitrofurazone,and then 160,000 units of gentamicin into each seminal vesicle.For hemorrhage,after clearing up the blood,seminal vesicles were also washed with normal saline,nitrofurazone,and perfused with gentamicin.In the operation,prostatic utricle stone was found in 5 cases,and seminal vesicle stone was found in 7 cases.One case of seminal vesicle polyp was observed,and in 19 cases,seminal vesicle hemorrhage was seen.Results All the operations were accomplished successfully,the operation time was (55.0 ± 11.3) min (35-82 min).There was no rectal injury or urethral injury during operation.The postoperative catheter was removed at 2 days postoperatively and the patients discharged on the 4th day after surgery.The length of hospital stay was (6.3 ± 0.7) days (5-7 days).One patient had mild hematuria after removal of the urethral catheter and got improved spontaneously;one case developed epididymitis,which improved after anti-infective treatment.6 cases made stone analysis,with 5 cases of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate,and 1 case of calcium oxalate dihydrate,calcium oxalate monohydrate and carbonate apatite mixed stones.One case of polyp was diagnosed by pathologists to be an inflammatory polyp.Follow-up was performed at 4,6,8,and 12 weeks after surgery.Hemospermia was cured in 24 cases,relieved in the other 8 cases at 8-week follow-up,who received oral antibiotic treatment afterwards.At the 12-week follow-up,the rest 6 cases in 8 got hemospermia recovered,with 2 cases still uncovered.Conclusions All-seeing needle is user-friendly and safe in transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy,with reliable short-term efficacy.

Objective To study the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on cognitive function in aged rats and its possible mechanism. Methods 60 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =20):control group (group C),simple operation group (S group),operation + electroacupuncture stimulation group (E Group),E group in the preoperative electroacupuncture stimulation Baihui、Neiguan、Qu pool and Zusanli,1 d,continuous stimulation 7 d. Group S and E were treated with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. The water maze test (MWN)was performed at 1d before operation and 1,3,5 d and 7 d after operation,and the escape latency and swimming distance were recorded. The expression of Wnt protein ,β-catenin and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β(p-GSK-3β) in cerebrospinal fluid were measured. Results Compared with group C ,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged in group S and E at 1-7d(P<0.05),and the contents of Aβand p-tau-181 in S and E group were increased(P<0.05),the contents of Wnt protein,β-catenin protein and p-GSK-3β protein in group E were significantly increased (P < 0.05),and the contents of Wnt protein ,β-catenin and p-GSK-3βprotein in group S were significantly decreased(P<0.05);Compared with group S,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly shortened in group E (P < 0.05),the levels of Aβ and p-tau-181 protein in group E were decreased(P<0.05),and Wnt protein andβ-catenin protein in group E were significantly lower than those in group E (P < 0.05),and p-GSK-3β protein were significantly increased (P <0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with electroacupuncture can significantly improve the cognitive function of aged rats,the mechanism may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effects of age factors on hypothermia-induced reduction of ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in isolated rat hearts.Methods Pathogen-free healthy aged male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18-20 months,weighing 400-600 g,and young rats,aged 4-6 months,weighing 280-350 g,were used in the study.After the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate and heparinized,their hearts were excised and perfused with K-H solution in a Langendorff apparatus.Twenty-four isolated hearts of aged rats were assigned into 2 groups(n=12 each)using a random number table:I/R group(group AI/R)and hypothermia group(group AH).Twenty-four isolated hearts of young rats were assigned into 2 groups(n=12 each)using a random number table:I/R group(group YI/R)and hypothermia group(group YH).Perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion to establish the model of I/R.The temperature was maintained at 37 ℃ during the whole process in AI/R and YI/R groups.The hearts were perfused with 34 ℃ K-H solution until 120 min of reperfusion starting from onset of reperfusion in AH and YH groups.At 30 min of equilibration(T0)and 15,30,60 and 120 min of reperfusion(T1-4),heart rate(HR),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP),the maximum rate of increase in left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmax),and the minimum rate of increase in left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmin)were recorded.Six hearts from each group were randomly selected at T4,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of ATP,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and myocardial infarct size(IS).Results Compared with group YI/R,HR was significantly decreased at T1-4,ATP and SOD levels were increased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were decreased in group YH,and the HR,LVDP,+dp/dtmax and +dp/dtmin at T0 and ATP and SOD levels at T4 were significantly decreased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were increased in group AI/R(P<0.05).Compared with group YH,HR,LVDP,+dp/dtmax and +dp/dtmin at T0 and ATP and SOD levels at T4 were significantly decreased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were increased in group AH(P<0.05).Compared with group AH,the levels of ATP and SOD were significantly decreased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were increased in group AI/R(P<0.05).Conclusion Age factors affect the efficacy of hypothermia in reducing I/R injury in isolated rat hearts,and hypothermia provides better cardioprotection for young rats than for aged rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of different duration hypotension thresholds on p-Tau-181 and Aβ-42 protein expression and cognition in rats. Methods Thirty-nine healthy male SD rats were randomly di-vided into 4 groups:the control group(group C,n=9),the hypotension group(groupA1、A2、A3 ,n=10). The blood pressure of groupA1、A2、A3 was measured in different time of 2 h、4 h、6 h ,for 5 days. The antihyperten-sive group of mean arterial pressure(MAP)were maintained in the 50~55 mmHg safe range. Morris water maze was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of rats. The levels of Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 were detected by ELISA. Results There was no significant difference in mortality of rats in each group (P > 0.05). Compared with the group C,the escape latency and swimming distance of A2 group and A3 group were increased(P<0.05). In 3~7 days after operation,the cerebrospinal fluid P-Tau-181 and Aβ42 protein expression increased in the A2 group and A3 group compared with the A1 group(P<0.05). The escape latency and swimming distance of the A2 group and the A3 group were significantly longer than those in the control group. Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 were signifi-cantly increased in A3 group(P < 0.05). Compared with the A2 group,the increase of Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 in the A3 group was not significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Long-term controlled hypotension may lead to postoper-ative cognitive dysfunction which may relate to the increase of Aβ42 and p-Tau-181 protein expression.

Objective To evaluate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in lithium chloride preconditioning-induced improvement in postoperative cognitive function of aged rats.Methods A total of 100 pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18 months,weighing 540-650 g,were divided into 5 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),surgery group (group S),lithium chloride preconditioning group (group L),secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) group (group F) and lithium chloride preconditioning plus sFRP-1 group (group L+F).Lithium chloride 2 mmol/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 5 consecutive days before operation in L and L+ F groups.In F and L + F groups,sFRP-1 10 μl (concentration 10 μg/ml) was injected into the ventricle at 1 day before operation.Ten rats in each group were randomly sacrificed at 1 day after operation,and the hippocampi were removed for determination of the expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β),3-catenin and Wnt in hippocampal tissues (by Western blot).The rest rats underwent Morris water maze test at day 3-7 after operation,and the concentrations of amyloid beta 42 (A3-42) and phosphorylated tau-181 protein (p-tau-181) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at day 7 after operation.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at 3-7 days after operation,and the concentration of Aβ-42 in CSF was increased in the other four groups,and the expression of Wnt,p-GSK-3β and β-catenin in hippocampal tissues was down-regulated in group S,the expression of Wnt,p-GSK-3β and β-catenin in hippocampal tissues was significantly up-regulated in L and L+F groups,and the concentration of p-tau-181 in CSF was significantly increased in S and L+F groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 3-7 days after operation in group L and at 5-7 days after operation in group L+F,and the expression of Wnt,p-GSK-3β and β-catenin was significantly up-regulated,and the concentrations of Aβ-42 and p-tau-181 in CSF were decreased in L and L+F groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group L,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at 3-6 days after operation,the expression of Wnt,p-GSK-3β and β-catenin was down-regulated,and the concentration of p-tau-181 in CSF was increased in group L+F (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group F,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 3-7 days after operation,the expression of Wnt,p-GSK-3β and β-catenin was up-regulated,and the concentrations of Aβ-42 and ptau-181 in CSF were decreased in group L+F (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which lithium chloride preconditioning improves in postoperative cognitive function is partially related to activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in aged rats.