This article reviewed the application of Regent(fipronil),emphasizing its current research advance in the degradation in environment and toxicity of Regent(fipronil) and its metabolite,and its degradation action.The main degradation approach is photolysis and hydrolysis in water,and simultaneously occurring oxidation in the soil.Fipronil is toxic for bee,freshwater vertebrate and birds,but the effect of fipronil on human being should be researched further.More attention should be paid to the safety for human in application of fipronil.

Objective To investigate the application effect of the ankle foot orthoses (AFO)in the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia and abnormal gait after stroke Methods Sixty consecutive stroked patients with hemiplegia admitted to Meizhou People′s Hospital,Guagdong Province from January in 2013 to June in 2015 were enrolled retrospectively,and they were divided into either an AFO group or a non-AFO group (n = 30 in each group)according to the odd or even admission numbers. The patients in the non-AFO group were treated with conventional rehabilitation training and those in the AFO group were treated with AFO. Before and after treatment,the Berg balance scale (BBS)was used to assess the balance ability of the patients,10 m maximum walking speed (MWS)was used to assess the walking speed of the patients,and the physiological cost index (PCI)was used to assess the walking efficiency of the patients. Results After treatment,there was significant difference in Brunnstrom grade between the AFO group and the non-AFO group (P < 0. 05). The BBS score and MWS of the patients in the AFO group were 39 ± 5 and 0. 97 ± 0. 38 m/ s respectively after treatment,and they were higher than those before treatment (33 ± 4 and 0. 28 ± 0. 07 m/ s)and those of non-AFO group (36 ± 4 and 0. 54 ± 0. 31 m/ s)after treatment. There were significant differences (all P <0. 05). The PCI was 0. 84 ± 0. 30 in the AFO group after treatment was 0. 84 ± 0. 30. It was lower than that before treatment (1. 32 ± 0. 31)and that of non-AFO after treatment (0. 96 ±0. 33). There was significant difference (all P < 0. 05). Conclusion The application of APO in stroked patients with hemiplegia and abnormal gait has better clinical efficacy. It can significantly im-prove the balance state of patients and improve the walking speed and efficiency.

Objective To study the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colorectal malignant melanoma.Methods Six cases of colorectal malignant melanoma diagnosed and treated in our department between 1981 and 1996 were reviewed and underwent follow-up.Results All cases had masses that could be found near dentate line in digital examination and were black or brown in color. All patients underwent operations ,operations abdomino-perineal resection for 2 cases, post pelvic excision for 2 cases, enlarged local resection for 1 case and laporotomy for 1 case.Either lymph node metastasis or liver metastasis were found prior to or during operation. All patients died within 5～23 months after being diagnosed, with average survival time of 14.7 months.Conclusions Colorectal malignant melanoma was rare and was highly of malignant with tendency of early metastasis and poor prognosis. Radical surgery combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy and biotherapy may be effective.

Objective To establish a rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of acyclovir (the metabolite of valacyclovir hydrochloride) in human plasma. Methods After addition of ganciclovir as internal standard (IS), plasma samples were prepared by one-step protein precipitation using acetonitrile as precipitant, followed by an isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid 3.5μm) column. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing electrospray ionization (ESI) interface operating in positive ion and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with the precursor to product ion transitions m/z 226.2→152.1 for acyclovir and m/z 256.2→152.1 for the IS. Results The analytical results demonstrated a good linearity over the ranges from 0.005 to 4μg/mL (r=0.9999) for valacyclovir hydrochloride. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of intra-batch and inter-batch were less than 4.06% and 9.23%, respectively. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification in human plasma were 2ng/mL and 5ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The method was simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible and has been successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of valacyclovir hydrochloride capsules in Chinese healthy male volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Flash visual evoked potential(fVEP) can reflect the integrity of visual pathway from retina to pulvinar cortex. The utilization of its characters can accurately evaluate the injury situation of visual conduction pathway.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and effects of fVEP on non-traumatic monitoring of intracranial pressure.DESIGN: A repeated measurement design based on patients.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 197 patients with brain injury including 138males and 59 females with an average of(38 ±9) years old were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Xuanwu Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences. The selected diseases were: epidural hematoma( n=20),subdural hematoma(n = 26),cerebral contusion( n = 4),subdural hematoma companied with cerebral contusion( n = 92),and cerebral contusion companied with intracerebral hematoma( n = 55).METHODS: The level of intracranial pressure of 197 patients with brain trauma was detected with fVEP and epidural manometry. Data of traumatic surveillance were collected after the completion of fVEP. Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in patients were recorded simultaneously.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: fVEP results,and levels of intracranial pressure.RESULTS: The average intracranial pressure of 197 patients with brain trauma was(2.75 ± 0.64) kPa,( 1.54 - 4. 02 kPa) . The dispersion of both traumatic and non-traumatic surveillance was relatively big in patients with confirmed visual pathway injury. No typical wave was induced by fVEP in2.79% of patients. Scatter diagram suggested that the consistence between fVEP and epidural manometry was relatively good. Linear regression analysis showed that heart rate was the most sensitive one to the fluctuation of intracranial pressure (β = -0. 369) followed by systolic pressure (β= 0. 316),while diastolic pressure was not so sensitive (β = 0. 147). There was negative correlation between heart rate and intracranial pressure,which could quite sensitively reflect the fluctuation of intracranial pressure,systolic pressure was the next,and diastolic pressure was not easily to be affected by the changes of intracranial pressure.CONCLUSION: Non-traumatic surveillance,fVEP,has favorable consistence with traumatic detection,which can quantitatively evaluate the changes of intracranial pressure non-traumatically.

Objective To explore the nutrition risk,undemutrition rates,and nutrirlon support in the hos-pitalized patients with respiratory disorders.Methods Totally 100 hospitalized patients in department of respirato-ry medicine of our hospital from October to December 2008 were enrolled in this study.The nutrition risks were screened on the next day after admission and then two weeks later using Nutrition Risk Screening(NRS2002).Body mass index(BMI)lower than 18.5 ks/m2,serum albumin(sALB)lower than 35 g/L,or pre-ALB was lower than 20 g/L Wag regarded as undemutrition.Results Among all these 100 patients evaluated by NRS2002,59 patients were judged at the risk of malnutrition and 54 patients developed undemutrition two weekB later The nutrition risk and undernutuition rate among non-ambulatory patients were 87.7%and 82.9%,which were signifi-cantly higher than in ambulatory patients(32.2%and 30.5%)(P<0.001).The nutrition risk and undernutu-ition rate were also significantly higher in patients who stayed in the hospital for more than 2 weeks than those for less than 2 weeks(75.0% vs 9.4%and 66.2% vs 21.9%,respectively)(P<0.001).Twenty-two patients received nutritional support.The ratio of parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition wag 1.2:1.Conclusions NRS2002 can be used in the nutrition assessment in hospitalized patients with respiratory disorders.Non-ambulato-ry and a hospital stay of more than 2 weeks increase the nutritional risk and undemutrition rate.Only a small per-centage of patients receive nutritional support.

Objective To investigate the difference of curative effects between the complete video assisted thoracic surgery (C-VATS)and traditional open surgery in the treatment of elderly patients with lung cancer,and to clarify the specially curative effect of C-VATS.Methods 80 patients with lung cancer without diabetes mellitus,chronic brouchitis and heart diseases aged over 65 years were enrolled in the study.They were divided into C-VATS group and open surgery for lobectomy (OPEN)group (n=40)according their wishes.The operation time,number of lymph nodes removed,amount of intraoperative blood loss,postoperative thoracic drainage,chest tube duration, postoperative hospitalized time, postoperative pain degree, incidence of postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative sedentary heart rate (HR)of the patients in two groups were compared.Results The operation time in C-VATS group(193.12 min±59.06 min)was longer than that in OPEN group(167.17 min±54.01 min) (P<0.05),and the number of lymph nodes removed in C-VATS group(14.6±7.5)had no significant difference compared with OPEN group(15.2 ± 4.5)(P>0.05).The postoperative pain degree in C-VATS group(2.54 ± 0.12)was lower than that in OPEN group(4.61 ± 0.10)(P<0.05);the postoperative chest rube duration in C-VAS group(6.14 d ± 3.32 d)was short than that in OPEN group (11.67 d ± 4.13 d);the postperative hospitalized time in C-AVA group(8.52 d±3.25 d)was shorter than that in OPEN group (14.76 d±6.11 d)(P<0.05).There were no significant differences of intraoperative blood loss(231.28 mL±203.15 mL vs 213.33 mL± 187.18 mL),postoperative thoracic draginage(1 597.83 mL± 1 049.29 mL vs 1 690.68 mL± 1 043.37 mL), incidence of postoperative complications between C-VATS group and OPEN group(P>0.05).The postoperative sedentary HR in C-VATS group and OPEN group were significantly higher than preoperative;the postoperative sedentary HR recovered to the preoperative level 3 d after operation in C-VATS group and it recovered to the preoperative level 7 d after operation in OPEN group. Conclusion Compared with traditional open thoracic surgery, C-VATS owns the characteristics such as less trauma, less pain, less hospital stay and better postoperative recovery in the aged patients with lung cancer.

Objective:To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy( 1HMRS)in the study of normal biochemical process of the brain as well as differentiation of normal senile brain from cerebral diseases related to senility.Methods:180 cases of healthy adults were selected to perform MR examination,in which,none of the subjects had the history of neurological and psychotic diseases according to MRI and clinical results.Meanwhile,60 healthy subjects were selected to perform 1 HMRS examination.The ages ranged from 18 to 80 years.They were divided into six age groups purposely.Point resolved spectroscopy sequence was required for 1 HMRS.The metabolites in the spectra included:N-acetylaspartate(NAA),choline compounds(CHO),creatine compounds(CR),myo-inosito(MI),glutamate and glutamine(Glu-n).Results:(1)In 180 cases of MRI,T 2 relation time was lowest in the deep gray matter in the same age group;T 1relation time was in low-high order,while T 2 relation time was decreased with the increase of age in the different age group.(2)The amplitudes in high-to-low order were as follows in 60 cases of 1 HMRS:NAA、CR、CHO、MI、Glu-n.No prominent difference of shape and peak arrangement was seen at the different ipsilateral site in the same age groups;while slight difference at the same site in the different age groups was present.The ratio of NAA/Cr and Glu-n CR was higher in senile age group;while that of MI/Cr was lower.The ratio of CHO/CR was in low-to high order with the difference of age.The ratio of NAA/CR and MI/CR was gradually lower from anterior to posterior part of the brain;the ratio of CHO/CR was highest in occipital cortex however,no definite changing rule was observed in the ration of Glu-n/CR.Correlation of T 1 relation time and partial metabolite ratio with age was present in gray matter.Conclusion:Quantitative study of MRI and 1 HMRS is essential for determination of normal myelinization and neuronal integrity and age-related biochemical changes in the brain.

AIM:To explore the effects of the new drug of sulfonylurea(1-{4-[2-(3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-pyrroline-1-carboxamido)ethyl]-phenylsulfonyl}-3-(1,4-tetramethylene)-urea,BGW) on the glucose uptake and the activation of Akt/PKB in SMMC7721 cells.METHODS:Cultured SMMC7721 cells were divided into control group,glibenclamide group,insulin group,BGW group and BGW+insulin group.Scintillation was used to detect the glucose uptake in SMM7721 cells.The activation of Akt/PKB was tested by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared to control cells,gibenclamide,insulin,BGW and BGW+insulin significantly increased the glucose uptake(P

AIM:To explore the protective effects of riboflavin on the kidney in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,diabetic model group and riboflavin-treated group.Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (dissolved in 0.01 mol/L citrate buffer,pH 4.5,65 mg/kg,ip) in rats.The biochemical methods were used to measure the contents of urine protein and malondialdehyde in the kidney,and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and renal tissues.Furthermore,the protein expression of TGF-?1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) in renal cortex was detected by Western blotting.The morphological changes of renal tissue were observed under microscope.RESULTS:Compared to the diabetic model group,riboflavin significantly increased the activities of SOD and CAT (P