A technique of solid-phase platelet im-munoserological assay was devised to selectsuitable platelet donors for patients withrefractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic pur- pura(RITP).The suitable platelets act-ed as carriers to bind with vinca-alkalo-ids,and then were gived to the patientswith RITP.The technique showed clini-cally significant.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of orthodontic therapy with mandibular first molar extraction.Methods:77 cases of malocclusion were divided into 3 groups:Bilateral mandibular first premolar extraction group(A,30 cases),unilateral man-dibular first molar extraction group(B,27cases)and bilateral mandibular first molar extraction group(C,20 cases).The OGS indexes were measured before and after orthodontic treatment and statistically analysed.Results:Remarkable occlusal improvement was seen in all three groups after treatment(P<0.01 ),but the variation of OGS indexes had no significant difference among the 3 groups(P>0.05).OGS indexes among the three groups after treatment were significantly different(P<0.05).The improvement in group A was more significant than that in group C(P<0.01)and the improvement in group C was more significant than that in group B(P<0.01). Conclusion:Orthodontic therapy with bilateral mandibular first molar extraction is effective in orthodontic treatment of malocclusion, but is not as effective as that with bilateral mandibular first premolar extraction.

Objective To determine the relative factors of the onset of repeated ectopic pregnancy. Methods The clinical data of the first time ectopic pregnancy of 28 cases with repeated ectopic pregnancy were analysed, and compared with those of 56 cases of non-repeated ectopic pregnancy onsetting at the same period. The factors measured included: age at onset of disease, age at first coitus, gravidity, parity, methods of contraception, duration of amenorrhea,duration of vaginal bleeding, serum ?-human chorionic gonadotropin level, volume of intraperitoneal bleeding, types of ectopic pregnancy, methods of therapy and inflammation evidence of fallopian tube. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relative factors for onset of repeated pregnancy. Results The risk factors and its odds ratio (OR) from the multivariate analysis were as follow: anastomosis of the tube(62.74, P=0.043), positive evidence of inflammation of the tube (54.85, P=0.000), no contraception (11.29, P=0.002), contraception by condom occasionally (4.75, P=0.046); the protective factors and its OR were as follow: therapy being salpingectomy and sterilization of the opposite tube(0.06, P=0.049), oral contraception (0.10, P=0.050) and pharmacotherapy (0.33, P=0.002). Conclusions The risk factors of onset of repeated ectopic pregnancy include: anastomosis of the tube, positive evidence of inflammation of the tube, no contraception and contraception by condom occasionally; the protective factors include: therapy being salpingectomy and sterilization of the opposite tube, oral contraception and pharmacotherapy.

Objective Mutations of 13 CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) STR core loci in 532 cases of paternity testing were observed in confirming paternity, the mutation rate and the mutation type were studied. Methods 587 cases of paternity testing were routinely carried out using AmpFe STR Profiler Plus and Cofiler PCR Amplification Kits. When one or two STR exclusions were found, then HLA system and other blood groups were tested by molecular typing, and sixteen STR loci were genotyped by using PowerPlexl6 PCR Amplification Kit. If necessary, the genotyping of Y chromosome specific STR and HLA allelic sequencing were added. Results 1052 meiosis were observed among the 532 cases in confirmed paternity, 18 mutation events were found in 17 paternity cases. Single-locus mutation was observed in 16 cases, and mutation at two STR loci was observed in one case. The observed mutational loci include: D5S818, D3S1358, D16S539, CSFIPO, D21S11, D13S317, D7S820, vWA, D18S51 and FGA. The mutation rates for D18S51 and FGA loci were both 0.29% , which were the highest among the ten mutational loci. 11 events of paternal source mutations, 5 events of maternal source mutations and two events of indistinguishable mutations were observed in 18 STR mutational events. Conclusion When one or two STR exclusions were found in paternity testing, other more genetic markers must be detected as complement before making final conclusions.

Objective To establish the FCM method of non invasive detection of fetal ABO and Rh(D) blood groups in maternal blood.Methods Using absorption and elution method, we obtained the IgG anti A and anti B from human sera. The IgG anti A, B, D were used as the first antibody to react with RBCs in maternal peripheral blood.The goat anti human IgG F(ab')2 FITC was used as the second antibody to conjugate anti A, B, D antibodies, Meanwhile anti i PE was used to mark fetal RBCs in maternal peripheral blood.The fluorescence dot plot diagrams of maternal and fetal cells acquired by FCM were used to detect fetal ABO and Rh(D) blood groups.Results Peripheral blood from 69 pregnant women between 8 and 39 weeks of gestation were studied.Fetal cells could not be found in 13 samples.Of the remaining 56 samples,fetal red cells were identified successfully with ABO/Rh(D) blood types identical to those tested after the birth of the baby.Conclusion In women with fetomaternal hemorrhage(FMH) during pregnancy,the FCM method established by the author can accurately and non invasively detect the blood groups of fetuses.This method can possibly be used for diagnosis of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Objective To establish a noninvasive method for prenatal genetic analysis by using maternal serum and apply the method in fetal sex determination,paternity testing. Methods Samples of maternal serum from 53 pregnant women (11 to 36 weeks of gestation) were collected. The DNA extracted from each sample was amplified by using"Y-PLEX 6" amplification kit .which enabled the simultaneous analysis of six Y-STR loci including DYS393.DYS19.DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391 and DYS385. The PCR products were detected by using ABI PrismTM 377 Sequencer and genotyped by related analysis software. Results (1) Y-STR specific alleles were detected in the maternal sera of all 29 mothers bearing male babies. Among the six Y-STR loci,specific alleles were detected in 29/29 at DYS393 locus,in 18/29 at DYS19 locus and in 10/29 at DYS390 locus. (2) Y-STR specific alleles were not detected in maternal sera of 24 pregnant women bearing female babies. (3) According to the presence of specific alleles at DYS393 locus and the value of allelic peak height and peak area, the accuracy of fetal sex determination was 100% . (4)The observed Y-STR alleles of each prenatal specimen from pregnant women with male fetuses were the same as the results of their husbands. Conclusion The assay of highly polymorphic Y-STR genotyping system developed by the authors provided a sensitive, accurate and non-invasive method to prenatal diagnosis. Our results demonstrate that fetal sex can be accurately determined and imply that paternity testing could be performed for pregnant women carrying male fetuses.

Objective To study the point mutation of FUT2 gene in Chinese Han population.Methods Using direct sequencing,molecular cloning techniques and the comparing with the gene sequence reportedby Kelly, the FUT2 gene structures of 41Chinese Han individuals have were studied.Results The G428A mutations of FUT2 gene was not found,but the A385T and C357T mutations were found in the 41 Chinese Han individuals.Among the 41 individuals,24 had A385T mutation and 17 had no A385T mutation.The neutral mutation C357T was found in all 41individuals.Conclusion The G428A point mutation of FUT2 which is commonly found in non secretor of Africans and Caucasian was not found in Chinese population.There are A385T and C357T point mutations which were found in 41 Chinese Han individuals.The present stady shows the difference between Chinese and Caucasian,and other non secretor mutations will be revealed by further investigation

Objective To prepare B-lymphoblastoid cell lines of HLA novel allele B*5610 in a family for further study and identification . Method Isolate mononuclear cells under aseptic conditions from the peripheral blood. After infection with Epstein-Barr virus, the cells were cultured in 20% FBS, 2?g/ml CsA RPMI 1640. Results Immortalized B-lymphoblastoid cell lines of five B *5610 carriers in a family were achieved, and the new genes were inherited stably. Conclusion Our work is important for storing and breeding the precious material of biomedicine because the B *5610 genes in the immortalized B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were inherited stably.

Objective To study the Secretor gene (FUT2) molecular structure of Uighur population in Xinjiang area,China. Methods DNA was extracted from 40 Uygur unrelated donors' blood and sequence analysis of FUT2 genes was performed. Results Four mutations in the FUT2 genes of Uighur donors have been identified. The frequencies of mutations were 71.25% for 357T, 28.75% for 357C,77.50% for 385A,22.50% for 385T,70% for 428G,30% for 428A,72.50% for 739G and 27.50% for 739A. Conclusion Based on the characteristics of FUT2 gene structure of Xinjiang Uighur,it cauld be thought that there are some relationships between Xinjiang Uighur, Taiwanese of China and Caucasiany.

BACKGROUND: ABO is the most important blood group system for blood transfusion. Though widely used in determining ABO blood group for its simplicity and rapidity, serological technology has its inherent limitation, for which ABO genotyping provides a valuable alternative.OBJECTIVE: To study ABO gene polymorphism in Chinese Han population and apply ABO genotyping technique to solve serological problems in clinical practice of blood transfusion.DESIGN: Comparison of ABO genotyping results of random selected samples with those of routine serological phenotyping.SETTING: An institute of transfusion medicine in a municipal blood center.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 260 unrelated healthy Chinese blood donors of Han nationality were randomly selected in Shenzhen Blood Center from March to December in 2002, including 110 male and 150 female subjects aged between 18 and 50 years. A sample with discrepancy in serological ABO phenotype was from our blood center, and the donor' s family was investigated. Six samples suspected to be A2 phenotype by serological test were from four hospitals in Shenzhen including the Second People' s Hospital of Shenzhen.METHODS: The DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood by rapid salt fractionation, and subjected to polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) to amplify the ABO gene for ABO genotyping. The alleles of the blood type difficult to determine were amplified with PCR-SSP on the basis of serologic tests including absorption and elution test and agglutination inhibition assay of salivary blood-group substances.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genotypes and phenotypes of the blood samples from 260 individuals and of the samples with serological ABO discrepancy.RESULTS: In the 260 Chinese Han individuals, in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the gene frequencies of O1, B, A1O1(A467c), A1O2/1O3(A467T) alleles were 0. 582 7, 0. 184 6, 0. 009 6, and 0. 2231, respectively. Two of the six individuals with difficulty of blood type determination and suspected to have A2 phenotype by serological tests proved to have A2O1O1 genotype, and the rest were all of A1O2/A1O3O1. Three children of a family with difficult identification were para-Bombay types, and their ABO types were A102B, A102B and A102O1, respectively.CONCLUSION: ABO PCR-SSP genotyping is simple, rapid and accurate and can be a valuable complement to serological identification.