OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of skin layers(stratum corneum and dermis)on the percutaneous absorption of drug.METHODS:We chose hydroquinone(HQ)as a model drug and carried out in vitro permeation experiment with Franz device.The in vitro transdermal permeation was compared between HQ plus isopropyl myristate(IPM)and HQ alone.RESULTS:The permeability coefficient(Kp)of HQ via split skin was 3.29 times larger than that via whole skin layer.The permeability was enhanced 4.95 times(whole skin layer)and 7.49 times(skin without stratum corneum)respectively when coexisting with IPM via intact or via split skin.CONCLUSION:These data and methods represent a novel approach to evaluate the effects of skin damage and skin disease on drug percutaneous absorption.

Acute leukemia is a common malignancy tumor in children. Hemorrhage is one of the common symptoms and causes of death. The abnormality of platelet count, quality and function can cause bleeding. The understanding of platelet function and platelet parameters can provide an important clinical information for children with acute leukemia in evaluating the effect of treatment,the function of bone mar-row and the prevention of bleeding and so on.

[Objective] To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the disorder of learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia (VD) and to explore its molecular mechanism. [Methods] Among 60 male SD rats, 10 rats were in sham-operation group and the other 50 rats were used to establish models of global ischemia and reperfusion by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method. Then the survival model rats were randomized into EA group (n = 14) , model group (n = 13) and nimotop group (n = 13). EA group was treated with EA at points of Baihui (GV20) and Dazhui (GV14) , nimotop group with nimotop 12 mg/kg, and sham-operation group and model group did not receive any treatment. After a 20-day treatment, the changes of learning and memory behavior in rats were detected by Morris water maze, as well as the protein expression and mRNA expression of heme oxygenase (HO) . [Results] The escape latent period, HO-1 protein expression and HO-1 mRNA-expression were increased obviously in model rats ( P 0.05). [Conclusion] EA can improve the learning and memory behavior in rats with VD and this may be related to the decrease of HO-1 protein expression and HO-1 mRNA-expression in cortex and hippocampal neurons.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on long-term potentiation(LTP),calmodulin(CaM) and calmodulin protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMPKⅡ) mRNA expression in vascular dementia rats.Methods Seventy SD rats,half in male and aged 2 months,were randomized into 5 groups: normal group(N =14),pseudo-operation group(N = 14),EA group(N = 12),western medicine group(N = 12),and model group(N =12).EA group were given acup uncture on Baihui(GV20),Dazhui(GV14) and Shenshu(BL23),and western medicine group were given nimoldipine 12 mg.kg-1.d-1.The normal group,model group and pseudo-operation group were fed routinely without any medication.Escape latency and frequency of rats crossing the quadrant of the platform in Morris water maze,in-vivo hippocampal LTP,and neuronal CaM and CaMPKⅡ mRNA expression were observed.Results Compared with the model group,escape latency was shortened,frequency of rats crossing the original and left quadrants of the platform rised,LTP amplitude and duration increased,and neuronal CaM and CaMPKⅡ mRNA expression enhanced in EA group and western medicine group(P

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic internal fixation by using anchor for tibial eminence fracture.Methods From January 2004 to January 2005,12 cases of tibial eminence were treated by arthroscopy with anchor fixation.Rehabilitation therapy was carried out after the operation.Results The mean operation time was 41 minutes(range 37 to 47).No patient had postoperative complications.They were followed up for 15 to 27 months(mean,23 months).The postoperative Lysholm score ranged from 91 to 98 with a mean of 93.The patients could extend the knee in a normal range,without pain or locking.Conclusion Arthroscopic internal fixation using anchor is a safe,simple,and effective treatment for patients with tibial eminence fracture.

Objective To explore the clinical application of reconstructing silicone elastomer nose prosthesis by means of selected laser sintering and wax powder PCPI. Methods Laser scanning was used to get the 3-D data of a nose model. Surfacere 10.0 etc softwares was used to reconstruct the nose by mirroring the digitalized model of absent nose. Selective laser sintering and wax powder was chosen to fabricate a wax nose model and the nose prosthesis made by silicone clastomer. Results Perfect silicone clastomer nose prosthesis was made for 2 patients. Conclusion This study suggests that the wax nose model and the new wax powder can meet the requirement of clinical expectation for maxillofacial prosthesis.

Aim To observe the inhibition of myeloperioxidase(MPO) activity in rat colitis by oral administration of HPMCP-coated chitosan capsule filled with dexamethasone(DSP) liposome lyophilized powder.Method The rat colitis was induced with the coloclysis of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS),and then methods were established for quantifying MPO in colon tissue and the ratio of rat colon weight/rat body weight(C/B),which were chosen as the index of colitis degree.These indexes were used to evaluate the inhibiting action of various DSP dosage forms on MPO in colon tissue after their oral administration.Results The observed MPO in colon tissue reached the max on the fifth day with the coloclysis of TNBS.All the experimented DSP preparations could effectively inhibit MPO activity,while DSP lyophilized liposome capsule had the most effectiveness.Conclusion DSP lyophilized liposome chitosan capsule may be more helpful in treating colitis than DSP powder chitosan capsule and its other dosage forms.Hence,it is worth studying further.

Objective To study the clinical features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in order to improve the clinical diagnosis. Methods Clinical data of fifty patients with PBC were retrospectively studied. The clinical features, results of laboratory tests, pathological findings of all the fifty patients were analyzed. Results forty-four patients were female (88%), and the mean age was 44.94?12.33 years at the time when definite diagnosis was made. The most frequent symptoms complained were fatigue (34/50, 68%), anorexia (24/50, 48%) and pruritus (13/50, 26%).The major signs included jaundice (32/50, 64%), splenomegaly (24/50, 48%) and liver palms (14/50, 28%). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and r glutamyl transpeptidase (r-GT) levels were markedly elevated in most patients, and the levels of ALP and GGT declined during the advanced stage. The levels of ALT and AST were elevated slightly. The total level of serum bilirubin was elevated in thirty-two patients (64%). Positive anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)/AMA-M2 were found in forty-one patients (82.0%). Pathological examination was done in 32 patients, it was shown that 28 patients (87.5%) were in early stage and 4 patients (12.5%) in advanced stage. Conclusion PBC occurs mainly in middle- and old aged women. The main clinical manifestations are fatigue, anorexia and pruritus. The elevated level of ALP, r-GT and positive AMA/AMA-M2 may be crucial to diagnosis of PBC.

Objective To study the effects of podophyllotoxin solid lipid nanoparticles (POD-SLN) on the proliferation of human epidermal cells in vitro. Methods POD-SLN was prepared by using microemulsion technique, the morphology of POD-SLN was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and its particle size and Zeta potential were studied by Zetasizer analyzer. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of podophyllotoxin (POD) in the nanoparticles, and its stability was observed. Human epidermal cells were treated with different concentrations (0.1-1 000 ?g/L) of POD-SLN, and the proliferation of human epidermal cells was studied at different time points after exposure (6h, 12h, 24h, 48h). The cytotoxic effects of POD-SLN, POD liposome, free POD, blank solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and control groups on human epidermal cells were assessed using a colorimetric MTT cell viability assay. Results POD-SLN displayed spherical or elliptical in shape, and it was stable. The average particle size of POD-SLN was 87.2?10.3nm, Zeta potential was 25.3?0.8mv and the entrapment efficiency of POD in the nanoparticles was 83.2%?2.5%. POD-SLN inhibited the proliferation of human epidermal cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. At the same concentration, the effect of PDP-SLN on anti-proliferation was stronger than that of POD liposome and POD. The inhibition of human epidermal cells after 48h exposure to PDP-SLN, POD liposome, and POD reached 91.05%, 77.02% and 68.46% respectively, at the highest concentration of 1000?g/L, and the IC50 were 2.11?g/L, 16.65?g/L and 101.42?g/L, respectively. Blank SLN had no effect on the proliferation of human epidermal cells. Conclusion This formulation and technology are stable and practical. POD-SLN can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human epidermal cells in vitro and the inhibitory effect was better than that of POD liposome and POD.

Aim To investigate the influence of skin layers ( st ratum corneum and viable layer) on the percutaneous absorption of drug with or w ithout isopropyl myristate (IPM). Methods We chose theophylline (TP ) as a model drug. Patches containing saturated concentration of TP were prepare d. The in vitrotransdermal permeation experiment via different rat skin lay ers was carried out. Results The Kp of TP via stripped skin was 2.1 times larger than that via intact skin. The permea bility was en hanced when coexisted with IPM either via intact skin or via stripped skin. Conclusion IPM can significantly enhance the percutaneous absorption of TP via different skin layers. And these data and methods represent a novel appr oach to evaluate the effects of skin damage and skin disease on drug percutaneou s absorption.