Objective To evaluate the cause and treatment of complication of percutaneous intra-arterial femoral port-catherter system(PCS) implatation. Methods Two hundreds and two patients with malignant tumors in the thorax, abdomen, pelvis and limbs were treated by using chemotherapy and lipiodol embolization via PCS. The related complications rate was 17.3%(35/202). Results The complication included incision infection delayed healing, and wound dehiscence 17.1%(6/35); local hemorrhage 5.7%(2/35); falling down and detachment of catheter of PCS 5.71%(2/35) and 2.86%(1/35) respectively loosening 2.86%(1/35) and changing direction 2.86%(1/35). The indwelling catheter blockage was 31.4%(11/35) and migrating of catheter tip was 28.6%(10/35). Most of these cases were recovered after appropriate management without any fatal and serious outcomes. Conclusions The Technique of percutaneous intra-arterial femoral port-catheter system implantation is safe and reliable. The related complication is slight and easy for management.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the follow-up quality survey and evaluation of medical graduate students in China.It raises that the follow-up quality survey of graduate students in medical schools should be institutionalized,standardized and normalized; the survey and evaluation should be conducted through close cooperation with the relevant departments and training units; comparative studies on graduates of different years should be conducted; and the indicator system and survey content should value the characteristics of times,training units and subjects; Finally,specific technical issues such as when and to whom the evaluation and survey should be conducted,survey arrangements,evaluation methods,the diversity of participants and determination of results are discussed and suggestions are put forward.

Objective To provide evidences and suggestions for educational innovation in military medical universities. Methods To carry out follow-up survey and evaluation in 85 graduates by using questionnaire survey and apply evaluation index system for quality follow-up among military clinical medicine masters. Results The average score evaluated by graduates is 78.39, the average score evaluated by hospitals is 86.00, The two average scores are normally distributed and have a positive correlativity (r=0.495). Conclusion The integrative quality of graduate students is good, but they should strengthen further in clinical capability, general quality and independent innovation.

Objective To evaluate the level situation of clinical doctors graduating from mil-itary medical university within a certain period, understand their career development, and explore and analyze the problems and deficiencies in doctoral education and training to provide reference for deep-ening the reform of clinical disciplines doctoral education. Methods Stratified random samples of 9 Hospitals were selected and the established evaluation index system of clinical discipline quality tracking and investigation questionnaire was used to evaluate doctoral quality. Evaluation was surveyed by self rating and other rating combination. Quality evaluation system contains 4 first level indicators such as the military and political quality, clinical, teaching and research level, the development po-tential as well as 15 second-level indexes. The scores of self-assessment and other evaluation were compared by Pearson rank correlation analysis. The corresponding indicator scores of different doctorate types were compared using the test of variance and the subject research and published papers were analyzed by χ2 inspection. Results The comprehensive score of graduated doctors is excellent, with self-evaluation score (92.72±7.06) and other evaluation score (93.61±8.05). Correlation coefficient is 0.33(P=0.04); The academic doctors have done better in publishing papers(χ2=5.97, P=0.01) and undertaking subject research(χ2=6.08, P=0.00), but poorer in clinical work compared with the doctors of professional degree. The assessed groups are inadequate in publishing high level papers and in un-dertaking research projects and doctors of different degree types have different cognition of the ele-ments of improving the quality. Conclusions Cultivating the doctors' clinical ability and innovation ability are the cores of deepening the reform of clinical doctoral education. We should focus on inno-vation ability , value the cultivation of the clinical professional doctoral degree and explore various joint evaluation systems to attain the goal of enhancing the education quality of doctors.

0.05); 88.6%, 60.0%, and 51.4% for those in group A2, and 59.3%, 48.1%, and 25.9% for those in group B2, respectively (P 8 cm.

Objective To evaluate the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using ethanol and iodized-oil emulsion(TACE-EIOE) on prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods Eighteen patients with histologically-proven HCC were underwent TACE-EIOE. The extent of apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, Ki-67 and PCNA proteins were detected by immunohistochemical method. Changes of these markers, tumor necrosis, encapsulation, volume, cumulative survival were analyzed. Results Complete tumor necrosis was 33.33%(6/18), severe tumor necrosis was 44.44%(8/18), moderate tumor necrosis was 5.56%(1/18), lesser tumor necrosis was 16.67%(3/18). Apoptosis rate was (22.79?3.34)%. Complete encapsulation was 88.89%(16/18). Evident volume-lessening was 66.67% (12/18), partial volume-lessening was 22.22%(4/18),and stable volume was 11.11%(2/18). Ki-67,PCNA, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax were (30.93?18.10)%, (41.16?11.83)%, (53.41?18.13)%, (6.32?2.10)%, and(58.73?17.32)%, respectively. The cumulative 1-, 2-,and 3-year survival rates were 83.33%,72.22%,and 66.67% for patients, respectively. Conclusions The preoperative TACE-EIOE is safe, it might benefit patients with HCC.

Objective To evaluate the influence of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with Alginate microsphere-Adriamycin on angiogenesis in VX2 liver tumor. Methods Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (each n=6), and VX2 carcinoma was implanted in the left lobes of the livers. TACE was performed with Alginate microsphere (Group A), Alginate microsphere-Adriamycin (Group B), Lipiodol (Group C), Lipiodol-Adriamycin (Group D), and control group (Group E), respectively. Three weeks later, the animals were killed and the samples were evaluated with immunohistochemical reaction to examine the VEGF expression and MVD count. Results The positive rate of VEGF expression was 66.67%, 50.00%, 100%, 83.33% and 66.67% respectively in five groups (P>0.05). MVD count was 55.36±7.02, 41.27±8.45, 82.42±6.23, 67.81±11.42 and 62.46±7.54 respectively in five groups. MVD value of group C was higher than that of group A and group B (P<0.05); of group B was lower than that of group D (P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.726 between VEGF and MVD (P<0.01). Conclusion TACE with Alginate microsphere-Adriamycin can reduce VEGF expression and MVD of VX2 liver tumor in rabbits, but the possibility of tumor blood vessels rapid occlusion and therefore resulting in tumor necrosis can not be ruled out.

Objective　To evaluate the relationship between the tumor encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia and cirrhosis and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)methods for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods　Histopathological changes were studied in 59 cases of HCCs treated with four kinds of TACE and 58 cases of HCCs treated with surgical resection alone.Results　In TACE group the encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia was more severe and extensive than that in group of surgical resection alone(Ρ＜0.01）.The TACE method and treatment time had effect on encapsulation and fibroplasia of tumor,but treatment interval was no effect.The rate of cirrhosis among TACE method had no significantly difference（Ρ＞0.05）,had relation to TACE time（Ρ＜0.05）.Conclusion　The changes in the encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia are more easily find by polytimes,multimaterial chemoembolization than that by one time single material chemoembolization and chemotherapy alone.The superselective cathetering can avoid the damage of normal liver.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of aliskiren on blood nitric oxide(NO) and bradykinin (BK) through analyzing the changes of NO, BK and non-dominant arm blood pressure before and after treatment of aliskiren and ramipril. MethodsThe chnical trial was conducted in 67 patients with essential hypertension. After a single-blind period of taking placebo orally once a day for 2 weeks, the patients were divided into different group in accordance with random table, and all patients were consecutively treated with drugs for 8 weeks. The trial uncovered showed that 17 patients were treated with ramipril (5 mg) in control group. Patients in trial group were given aliskiren and were assigned to three subgroups, 300 mg group (300 mg aliskiren, 16 cases), 150 mg group(150 mg aliskiren, 17 cases) and 75 mg group(75 mg aliskiren, 17 cases). The blood NO and BK before and after treatment in two groups were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay method. Non-dominant arm blood pressure was measured by calibration qualified mercury blood pressure instrument before and after treatment. Results The blood NO after treatment of aliskiren 8 weeks in trial group increased significantly than those before treatment [before treatment, the blood NO in 300 mg group, 150 mg group,75 mg group were (44.414 ±5.841 ), (43.496 ± 5.576), (41.037 ± 5.312) μ mol/L, after treatment they were(60.381 ± 6.756), (56.480 ±6.959), (53.766 ±7.276) μmol/L] (P <0.05). After treatment, non-dominant arm blood pressure decreased significantly in trial group (P < 0.05 ), but the blood BK had no significant defference before and after treatment (P >0.05). The blood NO and BK after treatment of ramipril 8 weeks in control group increased significantly than those before treatment [(57.286 ±6.431) μmol/L vs.(39.935 ±6.388)μ mol/L, (7.120 ± 1.015) μg/L vs.(5.232 ± 1.288) μg/L], and meanwhile non-dominant arm blood pressure decreased significantly(P <0.05). ConclusionsAliskiren and ramipril could increase the concentration of NO remarkably. Ramipril has strong effect in increasing the concentration of BK, but aliskiren hasn't effect on BK.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the tumor encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia and cirrhosis and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)methods for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Histopathological changes were studied in 59 cases of HCCs treated with four kinds of TACE and 58 cases of HCCs treated with surgical resection alone.Results In TACE group the encapsulation,lymphocytic infiltration,fibroplasia was more severe and extensive than that in group of surgical resection alone(?0.05),had relation to TACE time(?