This pap er introduces something of photodynamic therapy including the basic principles,pho tosensitizers and recent situation of clinical trial.Its light source,research and clinical applications to malignant tumors are also presented.

Objective:To observe the dynamic change of cystathionine β-synthase during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and its effect in rats.Methods:The ischemic model was established with line embolism to block the middle cerebral artery .The reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and Western blot assay were used to assess the expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in SHAM group,I group,and IR group.ELISA assay was performed to detected the homocysteine (HCY) level in plasma.After treating with the inhibitor of cystathionine β-synthase called hydroxyla mine(HA),the expression of hemeoxygenase 1(HO-1) and the pathologic change of the brain was evaluated .Results:As compared to sham group ,the expression of CBS was significantly up-regulated in ischemia-reperfusion group at 12 h post-reperfusion.Meanwhile,it existed the lowest level of HCY at 12 h post-reperfusion,comparing to sham grouzp ( 5.73 ±1.17 vs 2.88 ±0.93 , F=25.56 , P=0.001 ) .When inhibited the activity of CBS via using HA , the down-regulation of HO-1 protein and further damage in neuron were observed .Conclusion:Cystathionine β-synthase serves as an protective factor during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

In the process of designing genechip probe for detecting pathogenic microorganism, the selection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) combination is of great importance. At present, there is no automatic design method. This work is hard and the result is not always well. A new approach for selecting SNP combination is presented in this paper. Genetic algorithm is used to search optimal solution on the basis of classification ability of SNP combination, which is evaluated by the rough set theory. Other related experimental parameters are also incorporated. Experimental results show that the method can find out the best SNP combination pattern efficiently and accurately, thus demonstrating the reliability of this new method for designing the genechip probe.
Algorithms ; Base Sequence ; Brucella ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Salmonella enterica ; isolation & purification

Objective: To observe the effects of Zhige oral liquid on lipid metabolism in rats with alcoholic liver disease.Methods: Alcoholic liver disease rats were induced by alcoholic gavage plus normal diet. The intervention group was given different doses of Zhige oral liquid at the same time. The control group was given alcohol and oral administration of Jiejiuling oral liquid. After 12 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and serum ALT, AST, TC, TG and liver TC and TG levels were measured. Results: Compared with the normal group, the liver index, serum ALT, AST, TC, TG and liver TC and TG levels were significantly higher in the groups except the high dose group (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05), among which the model group and the low dose group had the most significant increase (P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with the model group, the above indicators were decreased in the high, medium and low dose groups and the control group, and the decreasing trend was the same.That is, the high dose of the Zhige oral liquid was the most significant (P ＜ 0.01), followed by the middle dose group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05) . The decrease in the low dose group was the least significant. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the high-dose groups (P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion: A certain dose of Zhige oral liquid can inhibit or reduce the occurrence of alcoholic liver disease by improving lipid metabolism disorder.

Phonocardiogram exercise testing(PCGET) is a recently developed method for evaluating cardiac contractility and the cardiac reserve of patients with heart disease and of healthy subjects. In order to test the reliability of PCGET method in physical sport, the present author conducted a clinical study. The ratio of the amplitude of the first heart sound after PCGET to that recorded at rest was defined as an indicator, i.e. cardiac contractility reserve index (CCRI). PCGET was performed on 30 athletes and 30 non-athletes. The results showed that the average of CCRI was 10.139 +/- 2.631 in 30 athletes and 6.612 +/- 3.104 in 30 non-athletes. There was a significant difference between CCRI of the two groups (P < 0.01). Thus, PCGET might be a noninvasive, convenient and inexpensive technique to evaluate the cardiac reserve quantitatively for athletes.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Exercise Test ; methods ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Myocardial Contraction ; physiology ; Phonocardiography ; methods ; Sports ; physiology

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is an infectious disease which can threaten animal husbandry and human health seriously. The disease mainly violates the central neural system. This article selectively reviewed current researches on the analytical detection of BSE and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE).
Animals ; Cattle ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform ; diagnosis ; transmission ; virology ; Humans ; Prions ; isolation & purification

In this paper a filtering method for EECG (Exercise ECG) signal is proposed which is based on wavelet transform (WT) and Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE). This algorithm was used to decompose original EECG signals into detail signals on different frequency bands by using WT and get different thresholds with SURE. According to EECG signal features and by using the above thresholds, the method amended several detail signals so that the main interferences in EECG signal can be removed efficiently. The authors also put forward two indexes to estimate the validity of such algorithms. Our experimental results demonstrate that this is an efficient de-noising method for EECG.
Algorithms ; Echocardiography, Stress ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Exercise Test ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To investigate the outcome and affecting factors of patients with osteosarcoma after recurrence.Methods Retrospective analysis was used to analyze the achieved data and prognosis-related factors of 72 patients with extremity osteosarcoma after recurrence from June 2000 to September 2012 through multicenter joint treatment.37 males and 35 females were included.The overall age was 7 to 61 years old (average age22.2 years old).Classification based on the tumor recurrent parts:42 cases (58.3％) on femur,18 cases (25％) on tibia,7 cases (9.7％) on humerus and 5 cases (6.9％) on fibula.Classification based on metastases:14 cases of simple recurrence (19.4％),58 cases (80.6％) of recurrence with metastasis:29 cases (40.3％) of recurrence occurred first,9 cases (12.5％) of metastasis occurred firstly,20 cases (27.8％) of simultaneous recurrence with metastasis;12/14 patients (16.7％) of simple recurrence had long-term survival,but 2 died (2.8％).Six of 58 patients (8.3％) of recurrence with metastasis had long-term survival but 52 died (72.2％).Results The overall 10-year postrelapse survival rate of the 72 patients was 25％.Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis revealed that postrelapse survival was significantly influenced by the continued treatment after recurrence and the number of postoperative chemotherapy,but it was not significantlyinfluenced by age,gender and the number of preoperative chemotherapy.Multivariate analysis revealed that the continued treatment after recurrence and the number of postoperative chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors (P=0.002,P=0.007).At the same time,according to the survival curve grouped by different indicators,the number of chemotherapy after recurrence has no significant effect on TFS.However,the continued treatment after recurrence has obvious statistical significance on improving TFS and OS of patients (P=0.026,P=0.002).Conclusion Resection and standard postoperative chemotherapy had significant effects on the postrelapse survival in patients with osteosarcoma.There are good prospects for further multimodal therapy and multicenter cooperation for osteosarcoma after recurrence.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the patients with spinal metastases who received surgical intervention and summarize the evolution of their clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical methods.Methods:The data of 703 patients with spinal metastases from January 2007 to December 2018 were collected retrospectively. There were 395 males (56.19%, 395/703) and 308 females (43.81%, 308/703) with an average age of 58.14±11.46 years (range 13-84 years). According to the degree of invasion and thoroughness of tumor resection, the surgical methods could be divided into minimally invasive surgery, decompression surgery, separation surgery, piecemeal resection and total en-bloc spondylectomy surgery. The operative methods were minimally invasive surgery in 89 cases (12.66%), decompression surgery in 96 cases (13.66%), separation surgery in 303 cases (43.10%), piecemeal resection in 182 cases (25.89%) and total en-bloc spondylectomy in 33 cases (4.69%). To analyze the trend of the clinical, pathological types and surgical treatment of patients with spinal metastases over the years, and determine the relevant factors affecting the decision-making of surgical methods by multivariate logistic regression.Results:The ratio of male to female was 1.28:1. 39.54% (278/703) of patients with single-segment involvement in 703 patients, 24.04% (169/703) of patients with double-segment metastasis and 36.42% (256/703) of patients with multi-segment metastasis. The most common type of primary tumor was lung cancer (34.57%, 243/703), followed by breast cancer (8.25%, 58/703), myeloma (8.11%, 57/703), gastrointestinal tumor (6.82%, 48/703) and renal malignant tumor (6.40%, 45/703). From 2007 to 2018, there was no significant difference in the percentage change of different age, gender and primary tumor source composition (age: χ 2=14.01, P=0.233; gender: χ 2=35.73, P=0.341; primary tumor: χ 2=120.09, P=0.074). The percentage of patients with sacrococcygeal metastasis decreased from 20.00% in 2008 to 1.89% in 2017 and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=8.09, P=0.005). The percentage of patients with multi-level metastasis increased from 26.67% in 2008 to 52.83% in 2017, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.23, P=0.007). The percentage of patients with minimally invasive surgery decreased from 25.00% in 2007 to 5.88% in 2018, and the percentage of patients with segmented resection decreased from 53.33% in 2008 to 10.29% in 2018. The proportion of the two surgical methods showed a significant downward trend, and the differences were statistically significant (minimally invasive surgery: χ 2=1.46, P=0.026; segmented resection surgery: χ 2=19.56, P<0.001). The percentage of patients undergoing separation surgery increased from 13.33% in 2008 to 64.71% in 2018, and the proportion of patients undergoing total en-bloc spondylectomy increased from 0 in 2007 to 10.29% in 2018. Both surgical methods showed a significant growth trend and the differences were statistically significant (separation surgery: χ 2=27.09, P<0.001; χ 2=4.16, P=0.042). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, metastatic site, number of metastatic segments, pathological vertebral fractures, Frankel grade, SINS score and VAS score were independent factors influencing surgical decision-making ( P<0.05). Conclusion:With different time and age, the invasiveness and thoroughness of surgery are increasing, which shows that the percentage of patients who underwent separation surgery and to-tal en-bloc spondylectomy is significantly increasing. Age, metastatic site, number of metastatic segments, pathological vertebral fractures, Frankel grade, SINS score and VAS score are independent factors affecting surgical decision-making.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for 1-year survival rate in patients with spinal metastasis secondary to lung cancer.Methods:The data of 343 patients with spinal metastases secondary to lung cancer from January 2011 to December 2018 were retrospectively studied. There were 188 males (54.8%) and 155 females (45.2%) with an average age of 59.47±10.21 years old (range 23-91 years). The patients were divided into operation group (150 cases, 43.7%) and non operation group (193 cases, 56.3%). The demographics, types of primary tumor, non spinal metastasis, visceral metastasis, spinal metastasis and segments, pathological fractures of vertebra, Frankel classification, physical function status (Karnofsky performance scale, KPS), visual analogue score (VAS), the spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) were recorded and analyzed. The impact of different treatments on the survival prognosis of patients with spinal metastasis was evaluated. The independent factors affecting survival in those patients were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:The peak incidence of spinal metastases was found in the age group of 46-60 years (43.7%, 150/343). 38.5% (132/343) of the patients had pathological fractures of the involved vertebral body. 58.3% (200/343) of the patients had extraspinal bone metastasis. 36.2% (124/343) of the patients had visceral metastasis. Among the primary tumors, adenocarcinoma was the most common tpye (61.5%, 211/343), followed by large cell lung cancer (12.5%, 43/343), small cell lung cancer (6.4%, 22/343), squamous cell cancer (6.1%, 21/343) and mixed cell lung cancer (5.3%, 18/343). The type of lung cancer cells in about 8.2 (28/343) patients was unknown. Among the surgical patients, 21 patients underwent minimally invasive surgery (14.0%), 28 patients underwent simple decompression surgery (18.7%), 76 patients underwent separation surgery (50.7%), and 25 patients underwent radical surgery (16.6%). 59.3% (89/150) of the patients had a better neurological function than before surgery. The average survival time of all patients was 9.88 months with the median survival time of 8 (5,14) months. The survival rates were 62.1% (213/343), 30.0% (103/343), and 3.8% (13/343) at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The average survival time of patients in the operation group was 10.24 months with the median survival time of 9 (5, 15) months, and the average survival time of patients in the non operation group was 9.41 months with the median survival time of 7 (5, 13) months with no significant difference between the groups (χ 2=0.300, P=0.584). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that radiotherapy [ HR=1.913, 95% CI(1.471, 2.488), P<0.001], chemotherapy [ HR=1.313, 95% CI(1.040, 1.658), P=0.022], targeted drug therapy [ HR=1.683, 95% CI(1.221, 2.319), P=0.001], KPS [ HR=1.593, 95% CI(1.140, 2.225), P=0.006] and pathological type (non-small cell lung cancer) were independent factors affecting the 1-year survival rate of patients with spinal metastasis secondary to lung cancer [ HR=0.322, 95% CI(0.225, 0.460), P<0.001] with significant difference. Conclusion:Surgical treatment can improve both the neurological function and general status of patients with spinal metastasis. Treatments of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy can significantly improve 1-year survival rate, while a KPS less than 50 points and a primary lung cancer other than adenocarcinoma were independent risk factors reducing 1-year survival rate.