Objective:To study the regulatory effects of Ligustrazine Hydrochloride(LHC)on tumor-induced immunosuppression by Colon26 cells in vitro.Methods:Colon26 cells were cultured for 48 h in the presense of LHC and either the cell fraction or the cultural supernatants was collected,with the untreated Colon26 cells as control for the study.The down-regulating effects of LHC on tumor immunosuppressions (including the suppressed NK killing and ConA induced transformation of murine spleen cells detected by MTT,and the reduced expression levels of IL-2R?,CD3?+?+ and CD3?-?+ detected by FCM) were determined.The concentrations of immunosuppressive cytokines,including TGF-?1,VEGF,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10,in the supernatants were analyzed by quantitative ELISA.The relationship among the down-regulatory effects of LHC on secretion immunosuppressive cytokines and tumor immunosuppressions were evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis.Results:All of the cytokines assayed were found in the supernatant of Colon26 treated without LHC,in which TGF-?1 was the highest,and the significant inhibition of five immune functions mentioned above was showed.To the Colon26 treated by LHC,the concentrations of TGF-?1,IL-6 and IL-10 in the first re-cultured supernatant and its inhibition of five immunol functions decreased greatly.The concentrations of TGF-?1 and IL-6 in the second re-cultured supernatant and its inhibitions of transformation,CD3+?+ and CD3-?+resumed highly.The positive correlations existed between TGF-?1 and inhibition of immunol functions except for transformation,between IL-6 and inhibition of transformation or CD3-?+,between IL-10 and inhibition of NK killing or IL-2R? or CD3+?+,respectively.Conclusion:LHC can exert down-regulate effects on Colon26 secretion of immunosuppressors and its tumor immunosuppression.Reducing tumor immunosuppression of Colon26 through decreasing its secretion of immunosuppressors should be one of anti-tumor mechanisms of LHC.

Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the responses of microorganisms to the environmental stimulation and stress. The effect of H2O2 stress under different fermentation time and H2O2 concentration as well as continuous stress on GSH fermentation of Candida utilis were investigated in this paper. It was found that low concentration of H202 accelerated GSH production. When treated by low concentration of H2O2 (36 mmol/L), the final concentration of GSH reached 922 mg/L and the intracellular GSH content reached 1.64%, which increased by 7% and 35% than the controls, respectively.
Candida ; metabolism ; physiology ; Glutathione ; biosynthesis ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology

To explore the practical characteristic of Innovation and Creative Thinking course inte-grated with challenge based learning (CBL), Flanders Interaction Analysis System was used to analyze the class interaction of Solution Identifying and Implementation Context. It was shown that the class was con-ducted in open free and safe environment. Students were the center and involved in the class highly. Inno-vation and Creative Thinking course was helpful to nurturing the ability to innovate and create among nurs-ing students. The practical characteristic of this course will provide new ways to improve the innovativeness and creative thinking, which also will support the promotion of CBL in Chinese mainland.

Objective To investigate the current situation and influence factors of innovation ability of nursing graduate students. Methods A total of 270 nursing graduate students from 42 universities were surveyed using the Innovation & Creativity Effectiveness Assessment (ICEA) by convenience sampling between March 2016 and November 2016. Results There were 88.1% of nursing graduate students with a total innovation ability score of lower than 4 points, which was at a lower level. Ages, international conferences, other academic activities and the time of supervisors on supervising students significantly affected scores of innovation ability on nursing students(P<0.05). Conclusions The current cultivation situation of innovation ability of nursing graduate students was not optimistic. The cultivation of the innovation ability is a systematic and complicated program which acquires multiply strategies to improve students' innovation ability.

Objective To investigate the abuse tendency of disabled elderly caregivers and analyze its causes.Methods With the convenience sampling method,The main caregivers of 300 disabled elderly people were investigated by the general questionnaire, Activities Daily Living Scale (ADLs) and Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) in Guangzhou. Results The degree of disability of the elderly was moderate to severe degree.The average score of the elderly caregiver′s propensity for abuse tendency was(3.3 ± 2.3).178 (59.4 %, 178/300) of the elderly caregivers have abuse tendency (the average score was more than 3). Conclusion Caregivers′ abuse tendency against the elderly is high. The situation of the elderly is not optimistic.

Objective To explore the correlation between resilience and psychological status of main caregivers among disabled elderly of Guangzhou region.Methods From June 2015 to December 2015, a total of 300 main caregivers of disabled elders were investigated with the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Activities Daily Living Scale (ADLS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) by convenience sampling.Results The total score of resilience, standard score of anxiety and depression were (58.2±15.8), (49.05±10.5) and (51.73±11.52) respectively among main caregivers of disabled elders. The competence dimension of CD-RISC had negative correlations with anxiety (r=-0.260,P<0.01) and depression (r=-0.316,P<0.01) in main caregivers of disabled elders, and the toughness dimension was negatively correlated with the depressive symptoms (r=-0.147,P<0.05).Conclusions Main caregivers of disabled elderly of Guangzhou region are with poor resilience along with the high ratio of detection in anxiety and depression suggesting that the mental status is not optimistic.