Objective:To analyze the effect of simvastatin combined with tanshinone in the treatment of patients with acute cere-bral infarction. Methods:The patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=50) and the control group (n=50). The control group was given tanshinone treatment, the treatment group was given simvastatin treatment addi-tionally, and the treatment course was 14 d. The NIHSS ( nerve function defect degree) , ADL ( daily life activity) and the treatment effect before and after the treatment were comprehensively evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with those before the treatment, the NIHSS and ADL scores were significantly improved in the two groups after the treatment, and the differ-ences were statistically significant (P<0. 05), and the improvement in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group with statistical significance (P<0. 05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 98%, which was higher than that (70%) in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Simvastatin combined with tanshinone in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction shows obvious therapeutic effect, which can obviously improve neurologic deficits and daily life activity, and is worthy of fur-ther clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Catheter associated urinary tract infection is a difficult problem for clinical practice management, and its key pathogenesis is the bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of the catheter material. Therefore, developing a new anti-infective urinary catheter has become an area of interest in the current studies of anti-infective biological materials. OBJECTIVE:To review the research literatures on anti-infective urinary catheter, and provide a direction for further study and clinical application. METHODS:Al related Chinese patent papers of anti-infective urinary catheters were retrieved by Google’s proprietary search platform (http://www.google.com/advanced_patent_search) until the deadline of March 26, 2014, with the search strategy of‘Return the patents with the fol owing proprietary name:urinary catheter’. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:According to the predefined search strategy, 949 potential y relevant patent papers were screened out for further identification, and 23 papers referred to anti-infective catheters that were obviously eligible were included. The analyses showed that:(1) The antibacterial coating agents of the majority of papers were antibacterial agents of nano-inorganic metal cations, only four papers used antibiotic coated. (2) The drug-eluting catheters were mainly composite-coated. (3) The drug release modes from coating were mainly extended-release but release mechanism was not clarified. (4) The preparation process was chemical bond or ionic bond in one paper, blending methods in one paper, repeated electroplating in one paper, electrospinning technology in one paper, and physical impregnation methods in 12 papers (52.17%). (5) The antimicrobial mode was ultrasonic-antibacterial method in two patent papers, sterile sleeve in one paper, hydrophilic coating in one paper, catheter made by blending polymer material and anti-infective agents in one paper, drug coated films made by coating with antimicrobial drug liquid and drying process in 20 papers (82.61%). In conclusion, there have been no translational and applied clinical researches about the anti-infective urinary catheter, and the relevant researches were only at the laboratory level. The research methods of Chinese patent for anti-infective urinary catheter were limited, and need to be further improved.

Objective To study the relationship of social support and quality of life of liver transplantation patients, investigating the effective measures to improve their life quality. Methods Questionnaires were filled in by 90 liver transplantation patients and a descriptive study was used. Results Positive correlation was found between social support and life quality of liver transplantation patients. Conclusion Social support was related to the life quality of liver transplantation patients. Nurses should pay attention to the effect of social system to improve their life quality.

Objective To observe the expression of leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin(Ig)-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) on Treg cells in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the level of soluble LAIR-1 (sLAIR-1),LAIR-2 in peripheral blood,and to discuss the possible role of LAIR in the pathogenesis of childhood ITP.Methods The levels of LAIR-1 on Treg cells of peripheral blood were measured in 36 children with ITP by using flow cytometry.Plasma levels of sLAIR-1 and LAIR-2 were measured by adopting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Real-time PCR was used to measure both LAIR-1 mRNA and LAIR-2 mRNA.Twenty-eight healthy children served as the healthy control group.Results The expression of Treg cells in children with ITP was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group [(2.05 ± 0.85) ％ vs (3.04 ± 1.03) ％,t =4.198,P ＜ 0.001].The expression rate of LAIR-1 on Treg cells and tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) in children with ITP group had no statistically significant difference with the healthy control group [(71.18 ± 13.36) ％ vs (67.69 ± 13.07)％,t=1.045,P＞0.05;(1.20 ± 0.97) ％ vs (0.85 ±0.66)％;t=1.718,P＞0.05].The levels of sLAIR-1 and LAIR-2 in plasma in children with ITP group were increased significantly than those in the healthy control group [(20.53 ±4.32) μg/L vs (17.51 ± 5.15) μg/L,t =2.424,P ＜0.05;(5.83 ± 1.08) μg/L vs (5.19 ± 1.24) μg/L,t =2.267,P ＜ 0.05].The LAIR-1 mRNA expression level in children with ITP group was significantly increased compared with the healthy control group (t =2.851,P ＜ 0.05),but not the LAIR-2 mRNA expression level (t =1.715,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of Treg cells in children with ITP is decreased,and it may be associated with the onset of ITP,and it may suggest that LAIR-1 does not play a leading role in Treg cells when ITP occurrs.And the levels of sLAIR-1,LAIR-2 in plasma are both increased,suggesting that LAIR-1,LAIR-2 may be one of the factors of immune disorders in children with ITP.

Objective To investigate the effects of the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the expression of FcγR Ⅱ b and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods 25 children with KD and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The levels of TLR4 expression on monocytes were assessed by flow cytometry.Real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcription levels of FcγR Ⅱ b,TLR4 signaling molecules(MyD88,TRAF-6,TAK1) and cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α) in monocytes.The concentrations of TNF-α in plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results (1) Compared with healthy controls,the expression of TLR4 and the signaling molecules in the patients were significantly up-regulated but decreased after treatment with IVIG (P＜0.05).(2)The levels of FcγR Ⅱb expression from the patients were higher than those from healthy controls,and decreased after treatment with IVIG(P＜0.05).(3) The levels of cytokine factor expression such as IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the patients were found to be higher than those in healthy controls (P＜0.05) ; plasma concentrations of TNF-α were significantly elevated during acute KD (P＜0.05).(4)There were significantly correlations to follow between FcγR Ⅱb and the levels of cytokine,TLR4 expression in monocytes (P ＜0.05).Conclusion IVIG can up regulate FcγR Ⅱb expression and down regulate TLR4 expression which might inhibit the inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of disturbed immunological function induced by Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection through evaluating NKG2D expressions in NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes from children with infectious mononucleosis.Methods Twenty-nine children with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and twenty-five age-matched healthy children were enrolled in the study.NKG2D/NKG2A expressions in NK cells and CD8+T lymphocytes,and NKG2D ligand MHC Ⅰ chain-related molecules A(MICA) and UL-16binding proteins (ULBP-1) expressions on CD14+ mononuclear cells (MC) were analyzed by flow cytometry.The concentrations of cytokines such as IL-7,IL-12,IL-15,IFN-γ,TGF-β and soluble MICA(sMICA) in plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results (1) Compared with the control group,NKG2D expression was significantly decreased in both NK cells and CD8+T lymphocytes from children with IM (P＜0.05),especially in the three cases of suspected EVB-HLH children.(2)There was no difference in the expression of MICA and ULBP-1 in CD14+ MC between the children with IM and the normal control(P＞0.05).(3)The concentrations of IL-15 and TGF-β in plasma were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05),while the levels of IL-7,IL-12,IFN-γ and sMICA were up-regulated(P＜0.05) in children with IM.(4)NKG2A expression in NKcells in children with IM was significantly increased as compared with healthy controls(P＜0.05),however,there was no differences in the expression of NKG2A in CD8+ T lymphocytes between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Remarkable down-regulated expressions of NKG2D in NK cells and CD8+T lymphocytes might be one of the factors causing disturbed immunological function in children with EBV infection,which might have a close relationship with abnormal cytokine milieu of IL-15 and IL-12or high concentration of sMICA.

ObjectiveTo study the alteration mechanism of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).MethodsTwenty children with KD and the same number of agematched healthy subjects were studied.The proportion of CD4+CXCRS+ICOS+ T in peripheral blood was analyzed by flow cytometry.Real-time PCR was performed to detect the level of Tfh transcriptional factor( Bcl6) and its inhibitor( Blimp-1 ).The plasma concentration of IL-4 and IL-21 were determined by ELISA.ResultsThe proportion of CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+ T in patients with KD was significantly higher than healthy controls [ (2.6±0.6) ％ vs ( 1.8±0.7 ) ％,P＜0.05 ].Transcription levels of Bcl-6 were significantly elevated in patients with KD( P＜0.05),its inhibitor Blimp-1 were found to be down-regulated during acute phase of KD compared with healthy controls (P ＜ 0.05 ).The significant increase of IL-4 and IL-21 plasma concentrations were detected in patients with KD(P＜0.05),in comparison with healthy controls.ConclusionThe over activity of Tfh might be correlated with immune dysregulation in Kawasaki disease.Dysregulation of Bcl-6/Blimp-1,altered microenvironment of IL-4 and IL-21 might be correlated with the abnormal activity of Tfh cells.

Objective To investigate the changes and roles of Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) expressed on monocytes in the immune pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP).Methods Thirty children of HSP and 15 health controls were enrolled in this study.The expressions of FcγR Ⅰ and FcγRⅢ on monocytes were determined by flow cytometry,and real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcription levels of FcγR Ⅱ a,FcγR Ⅱ b,cytokines(IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-α),chemokine(IP-10,RANTES,iNOS),and BLyS/April in monocytes isolated by microbeads.The plasma concentrations of IL-4,IL-10 and TNF-α were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results (1) The expressions of FcγR Ⅰ and FcγR Ⅲ on monocytes in patients with HSP were significantly up-regulated compared with healthy controls.Transcription level of FcγR Ⅱ a on monocytes in patients with acute HSP was found to be higher than that in healthy controls while the inhibitory FcγR Ⅱ] b mRNA was significant down-regulated(P＜0.05),which resulted in a higher ratio of FcR Ⅱ a/Ⅱ b in patients with acute HSP.(2) The expressions of cytokine/chemokines factor such as IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,IP-10,RANTES,and iNOS in patients with HSP was detected to be higher than those in healthy controls(P＜0.05).In addition,expression levels of BLyS/April were up-regulated during acute HSP(P＜0.05),the positive correlations were observed between the FcγR Ⅱ a/FcγR Ⅱ b and the cytokine/chemokines factor in monocytes(P＜0.05).(3) Plasma concentrations of IL-4,IL-10 and TNF-α were significantly elevated during acute HSP(P＜0.05),and a negative correlation was observed between concentrations of TNF-α and the mRNA level of FcγR Ⅱb in monocytes.Conclusion The abnormal expression of the cytokines and the imbalance of stimulatory and inhibitory FcγR of monocyte in acute HSP.

Objective To assess the efficacy of oral erythromycin on the functional gastrointestinal dysmotility in neonates.Methods In this double-blind,randomized,placebo controlled trial,90 neonates consecutively admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Shenzhen Children's Hospital from Jan 2009 to Dec 2011 were enrolled and randomly divided into low-dosage erythromycin group ( LE group,n =30 ),highdosage erythromycin group ( HE group,n =30 ) and control group ( n =30).Patients received either erythromycin ( 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) or equivalent normal saline with oral or nasal feeding every 8 hours one time for 14 d.The time to achieve half,three-quarters,and full enteral nutrition,the time of parenteral nutrition,and hospital length of stay were compared among each group.Results The time to achieve half,three-quarters,and full enteral nutrition in HE group [ ( 3.0 ± 0.5 ) d,( 6.2 ± 0.7 ) d,( 8.2 ± 1.0 ) d ] and in LE group [(6.2±0.5) d,(8.3 ±0.6) d,(10.6 ±1.1) d] were shorter than that in control group [(8.1 ±0.4) d,( 13.5 ± 1.0) d,( 15.7 ± 1.2) d] ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The duration of parenteral nutrition [ ( 14.2 ± 1.4) d vs (9.3 ± 1.2) d vs (7.8 ± 1.1 ) d ] and hospital length of stay [ ( 13.0 ± 1.4 ) d vs ( 8.1 ± 0.8 ) d vs ( 6.8 ±0.7) d] were significantly prolonged in control group compared with LE and HE groups,and there were significant differences among the three groups ( P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of liver injury and septicemia during the treatment of erythromycin were similar between HE group and LE group,but it was significantly lower than control group.No serious adverse effect such as prolongation of QT intervals,dysrhythmia associated with erythromycin treatment was found.Conclusion Oral erythromycin can be considered as a treatment for neonates with functional gastrointestinal dysmotility who fail to establish adequate enteral nutrition,and highdosage oral erythromycin is more effective than low-dosage.

Objective: To set up an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of p-hydroxybenzoic acid plus o-hydroxy-benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid in Senecio scandens Buch. Methods:The column was a Shiseido( Fine Chemicals) Cap-cell Pak C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column at the room temperature. The mobile phase was methanol-water-formic acid (13∶87∶0. 5) at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was 240nm. Results: p-Hydroxybenzoic acid plus o-hydroxybenzoic acid had a favorable linear relationship within the range of 0. 025-0. 400 mg·ml-1 , the regression equation was Y=5. 94 × 106 X+2.46×104(r=0.9998),theaveragerecoverywas97.59% andRSDwas1.22%. p-Hydroxybenzeneaceticacidhadafavorableline-ar relationship within the range 0.05-0.80 mg·ml-1, the regression equation was Y=4.09 ×106X+1.12 ×104(r=0.999 8), the average recovery was 98. 07% and RSD was 1. 90%. Conclusion:The method is simple, feasible and reproducible. It can be used in the quality control of p-hydroxybenzoic acid plus o-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid in Senecio scandens Buch.