Chronic kidney disease ( CKD) has become a pandemic.Laboratory assay takes the important role in early diagnosis of CKD.We should develop these assays correctly on the basis of full understanding of CKD and guide clinical use for them in laboratory medicine.

Functional dyspepsia( FD)is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder,its pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. Recent studies showed that gastrointestinal mucosal low-grade inflammation had been found in patients with FD,and impaired mucosal integrity,psychological factor and abnormal brain-gut axis may promote the inflammation formation,which may also contribute to the onset and persistence of FD. This article reviewed the advances in study on gastrointestinal mucosal low-grade inflammation in FD.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of centro-square needling at Shangxing (GV23) (so called Ghost Hall point) in treating anxiety after cerebral stroke as a major treatment.Method Sixty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. The two groups were both given Flupentixol and Melitracen tablets (Deanxit). In addition, the treatment group received centro-square needling as the major treatment, and the control group received ordinary needling. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Barthel Index (BI) of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were observed before and after the treatment for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy.Result There was a significant difference in comparing the HAMA score between the treatment group and control group after the treatment (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in comparing the total effective rate and recovery rate between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The treatment group shows a significant efficacy in improving the anxiety symptoms; the effect in improving the anxiety symptoms is insignificant in the control group; the recoveryrate and total effective rate are equivalent between the two groups.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia,hyperglycemia,hypertension and metabolic syndrome(MS)and compare the prevalence rate of dysilipidemia obtained in this study with the previous study during 1984--1986.Methods A total of 16 344 adults in Beijing who attended for the medical examinations were recruited in the study.Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires regarding personal health,lifestyle and family health history.The physical examination emphasized measurement of height,weight and blood pressure.Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast and subjected to serum glucose,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C and TG measurements.MS was diagnosed according to Diabetes Society of Chinese Medical Association(CDS)criteria.Results Dyslipidemia occurred in 36.9%(6 034)of subjects.948 hyperglycaemia cases were found.The prevalence rate of high blood glucose was 5.8%. Hypertension occurred in 17.1% of subjects.Obesity/Overweight occurred in 5 252 subjects with the prevalence rate of 32.1%.On the basis of the diagnostic criteria for MS in China.MS occurred in 12.2% of subjects(14.2% for males and 10.0% for females).In both genders,the rate increased along with the increment of age.65.5% participants had at least one of the metabolic disorders.The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and abnormally low HDL-C were higher than previous analysis during 1984-1986 in all age groups.Conclusions The prevalence of MS in this large occupational population in Beijing was quite high. The prevalence of hypeflipemia had increased considerably over the past 20 years.Balanced nutrition and reasonable consumption should be undertaken to modify these situations.

Objective To construct human Cystatin C expression vector and make primary protein purification. Methods A 380 bp cDNA fragments encoding Cystatin C were isolated by RT PCR from human placenta tissue and then inserted into pPIC9 vector. Recombinant pPIC9 Cystatin C was transformed into Pichia pastoris strain GS115. Secreted soluble Cystatin C was produced by induction of the AOX1 promoter with methanol. Recombinant Cystatin C was purified by Hitrap SP cation exchange chromatography. Results The expression level of Cystatin C reached 16 mg/L. The stability of Cystatin C is 3 days in expression system. SDS PAGE revealed that Cystatin C was expressed up to 60% of the total soluble protein. After purified by Hitrap SP cation exchange, the recovery rate was 40.5%. Conclusion Cystatin C has a high secretion in Pichia pastoris yeast and could be recognized by polyclonal antibody of native human Cystatin C. After purification,this protein can be used as a standard and antigen to develop immunoassay for human Cystatin C in serum.

The human-based and patient-centered notion is a significant breakthrough of the management conception of modernized hospitals.The service mode of one station style was first adopted in health examination center in the reform of out-patient service flow.Based on the humanized service notion,we can provide health examination service with high quality and efficiency to various patients by taking multifarious measures such as reforming the department locations,optimizing the health examination course and setting convenience-stations.The service mode of one station style was demonstrated to have not only elevated the quality and efficiency of health examination service,but also increased both the patients satisfaction and the profit and reputation of the hospital.

According to the widely use of peripheral inserted center catheters , this paper reflects ethical issues form the aspects such as the evaluation before catheter is lack of standards , the access and appraisal system is lax , the continuation of care does not reach and lack of humanistic care aspects .Furthermore , the article points out that the scientific assessment , grasping the indications strictly , strengthening the norms , stricting access system , taking the initiative to follow -up, strengthening health education , the professional ethics , the humanistic care and so on, can ensure the safety of patients and improve nursing service level as a whole .

Objective To establish the quality standards of Zizhu ointment. Methods The TLC was applied to identify Radix arnebiae and borneol of Zizhu ointment, and the content of borneol was determined by gas chromatography. Results The TLC spots were clear, well-separated and easy to identify. The good linear range of borneol reference substance on calibration curve was 0.048 4-1.210 0 μg, and the recovery was 90%-110%, the relative standard deviation was less than 5%. Conclusion The method is simple and feasible, can be used as the quality control method of Zizhu ointment.

Objective To explore the effect of phenol oxidase antigen on liver pathologic change in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Methods 42d-aged adult worms were incubated in RPMI 1640 containing 0.05% sodium phenobarbital for 8 h. The worms were washed three times with PBS (pH 6.8) and homogenized with a Teflon pestle. The homogenate was then centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min at 4 ℃. Supernatant fractions containing phenol oxidase (PO) were analyzed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The rude antigen of PO was obtained by cutting the corresponding gel of PO activities. Three groups were set up to observe whether PO could induce protective immunity: experiment group, adjuvant control group and water control group. On day 42 post infection with (40?1) cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum, the mice were sacrificed to observe liver pathologic changes. Results The liver surface of PO immunized group was rather smooth and the liver color was slightly gray. A few pale nods were seen indistinctly but not clearly. Necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were not clear. There were many immature eggs without granuloma reaction. The mean diameter and area of the granuloma in the experiment group were less than those in the control group. There were significant differences among the 3 groups (P

Objective To investigate the level of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)specific CD8+ T lymphoeytes in peripheral blood and the immune reaponae of HCMV reactivation after kidney transplantation.Methods Thirty-eight HCMV seropesitive HLA-A*0201 kidney transplant recipients(9 with HCMV infection and 29 without HCMV infection)and 54 healthy individuals were enrolled.The levels of total HCMV specific CD8+ T cells were measured using HLA-A2 pentamer folded with HCMV-peptide NLVPMVATV.The levels of IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells were measured by intracelluhr IEN-γ staining pulsed with the same peptide.Results The median levels of pentamer stained CD8+ T cells were 1.19%(0-19.42%),1.20%(0-18.40%)and 3.2%(0.51%-18.90%)in healthy group,negative HCMV group and positive HCMV group(H=5.34,P＞0.05),respectively.The median levels of IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T cells were 0.72%(0-0.70%),0.47%(0-5.61%)and 0.67%(0.07%-4.00%),respectively(H=0.58,P＞0.05).However,the mean proportions of IFN-γ secreting pentamer stained T cells relative to total HCMV specifc CIL were(60.18±19.16)%,(39.19±17.22)% and(20.02±13.26)%,respectively.There were significant differences among the groups(P＜0.01).Condusiorm There was no significant difference of levels of HCMV specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood between the kidney transplant recipients and healthy individuals.However,the proportion of HCMV-specific IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells in pentamer stained cells was reduced in the kidney transplant recipients especially in those with active HCMV infection,which may contribute to the inability to control HCMV reactivation.