Objective To detect the expression levels of renal tissue M-type phospholipase A2 receptor 1(PLA2R1) antigen and its antibody in the patients with membranous nephropathy(MN).Methods Fifty-eight cases of biopsy-proved idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN),fifteen cases of hepatitis B-associated membranous nephropathy(HBV-MN) and seventeen cases of V type lupus nephritis(V-LN) were selected.Renal tissue PLA2R1 antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and colocaliazed with IgG4.Serum anti-PLA2R1 antibody was simultaneously examined.The expression difference of PLA2R1 antigen and antiPLA2R1 antibody in MN was analyzed.And the differences of clinical data were analyzed between PLA2R1 positive and negative patients.Results The PLA2R1 antibody was not found in the renal tissue and serum of the patients with LN and HBV-MN;PLA2R1 antigen was found in 81.03％ of IMN patients,and its antibody was found in serum of 70.69％ of IMN patients.PLA2R1 antigen and IgG4 co-localization all deposited along glomerular capillary loop presenting as fine granules.The 24 h urine protein level in the patients with PLA2R1 antigen deposition in renal tissues was higher than that in the patients without PLA2R1 deposition (P＜0.05),moreover serum albumin level was lower than that in the patients without PLA2R1 deposition(P＜0.05).Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of renal tissue PLA2R1 antigen in the diagnosis of IMN are higher.The expression of PLA2R1 antigen in renal tissue by biopsy is significantly correlated with the clinical severity.

Objective To explore mRNA and protein expression of PAl-1 in kidney tissue of mice with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and the effects of YiShen Decoction. Methods The IgAN model was built by the method of oral intake of bovine serum albumin(BSA)together with the injection of staphylococcus enterotoxin B(SEB)through caudal vein. The mRNA expression of PAI-1 was measured by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PER)and the expression of PAI-1 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results No significant difference of mRNA and protein expression of PAI-1 was found between the low concentration and high concentration Yishen Decoction group. But the secretion and mRNA expression of PAI-1 in the low and hiigh concentration Yishen Decoction group was decreased more than that in the IgAN model group. Conclusion The abnormal expression of PAI-1 mRNA and protein played an important role in the onset and development of IgAN. The TCM Yishen Decoction could reduce the abnormal expression of the mRNA and protein of PAI-1 in kidney tissue of mice with IgA nephropathy.

Objective To analyze clinical and laboratory features, viral load and viral shedding period of patients with mild or severe H1N1 influenza A infection. Methods Seventy mild cases and 16 severe cases with concurrent pneumonia were included from Shcnzhen area for analysis.Nasopharyngeal-swab specimens of patients were collected and viral load was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay during their hospitalization. The viral load and viral shedding period were compared between patients over 14 years old and less than 14 years old, and between 70 mild cases without pneumonia and 16 severe cases with pneumonia. The statistic analysis was performed using t test and chi square test. Results The most common symptoms and signs of the patients were fever, cough and enlargement of tonsils. However, the severe cases suffered more frequently from cough, dyspnea and high fever compared with the mild cases (x2 = 10. 9 and 14.3, respectively, t=3.65; both P＜0.01 ). The levels of white blood cell (WBC) count and alanine arninotransferase (ALT) of severe patients were both significantly higher than those of mild patients(t= 3.2, 2.4,respectively; both P＜0.05). The chest radiology of the severe cases showed interstitial pneumonia,mostly with ground glass image. The viral load of patients under 14 years was significantly higher than those over 14 years [(4.86± 1.23) lg vs (4. 17±0.89) lg; t=2.3, P＜0.05], and the viral shedding period of patients under 14 years was significantly longer than those over 14 years [(5.33±0. 49) d vs(3. 63±0.28) d; t=3.4, P＜0.01]. The severe patients also displayed significantly higher viral load and prolonged viral shedding period than the mild patients [(6. 36±1. 44) lg vs (4. 35±0.99) lg, t=6.1,P＜0.01; (5.75±1.77) d vs (4. 24±1. 96) d, t=3.2, P＜0.01]. Conclusion Age anddisease severity of patients with H1N1 influenza A infection are significantly associated with viral load and viral shedding period.