OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal (BMC) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

METHODSA total of 216 patients (104 female and 112 male) who underwent CBCT were included in this study. The CBCT images were evaluated for the incidence and the type of the BMC.

RESULTSBMC was observed in 39 (18.06%) of 216 patients and 50 (11.57%) of 432 sides, female 18 (17.31 %) and male 21 (18.75%). BMC were classified into four types: type I 17 sides (3.94%), type II 11 sides (2.55%), type III 20 sides (4.63%), and type IV 2 sides (0.46%).

CONCLUSIONBMC is detected at a high rate by using CBCT. When doctors perform surgical procedures in the mandible, they should pay attention to the anatomical variations of BMC of the mandibular canals.

Objective To investigate the effects of orphanin FQ (OFQ) on simple and norepinephrineactivated cardiac function in isolated rat heart.Methods Male SD rats aged 3-4 months weighing 250-280 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 25% urethane 1.4-1.8 ml.Their hearts were excised and passively perfused with K-H solutionin a Lanngendorff apparatus.A fluid-filled latex balloon was inserted into left ventricle for measurement of developed pressure.Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular end-diastofic pressure(LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP=LVSP-LVEDP),HR and±dp/dtmax were measured.Sixty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 10 groups(n=6 each):Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ OFQ1,OFQ2,OFQ3 group--OFQ 10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L were administered via perfusion system respectively;Ⅴ OFQ+UFP group--OFQ 10-6 mol/L+UFP-101 (all OFQ antagonist) 10-6 mol/L were administered;Ⅵ NE group--norepinephrine 10-5 mol/L;Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ NE+OFQ groups--NE 10-5 mol/L+OFQ 10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L were administered respectively;Ⅹ NE+OFQ+UFP group--NE 10-5 mol/L+OFQ 10-6mol/L+UFP-101 10-6mol/L.Results LVSP,LVDP and±dp/dtmax were significantly increased while HR was significantly decreased in the 3 OFQ groups as compared with control group.LVSP,LVDP±dp/dt max and HR were significantly increased in the 3 NE+OFQ groups as compared with NE group.Conclusion OFQ has positive inotropic action and negative chronotropic effect on the isolated rat heart.OFQ Can enhance the positive inotropic and chronotropic effect of NE on the heart.

Objective To study diagnosis and treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children.Method The clinical data of 43 children with RMS was retrospectively reviewed from Nov 2004 to May 2012.Their long-term survival was followed up.Forty-three children with RMS(male 26,female 17) in Beijing Tongren Hospital were enrolled.Their median age on diagnosis was 6 years old.We confirmed the diagnosis according to pathological diagnosis.Comprehensive treatment included chemotherapy,surgery and implantation of radioactive seeds,and so on.Statistical analysis was used on clinical data and treatment efficacy.Result The median follow up time of 43 cases with RMS in children was 31 mouths until May 2012.Four cases abandoned,39 cases were followed up.The cases of complete remission were 27(69％),and the cases of partly remission were 7 (18％),and the cases of dead were 5 due to cerebral metastasis.Overall survival rate was 87％ (34/39).Eight cases were treated with 125Ⅰ particles implants into its location,7 cases responded,1 case was invalid.Conclusion Although anatomic structure of RMS of head and neck was very complex,and the prognosis of it with metastatic disease was inferior,the muttidisciplinary treatment can still improve the clinical remission rate.In particular,high risk RMS with 125Ⅰ particles implants and large dose chemotherapy would be beneficial.

Objective　To study the value of B type ultrasonography guiding percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) for hepatic cancer (HC). Methods　70 patients with primary or metastatic hepatic malignancies were treated by PRFA under ultrasound guidance through LeVeen multipolar array needle electrode and RF 2000. All patients were followed up by turnor marker, B type sounography and MRI monthly. Results　PRFA were performed in 53 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 17 cases with metastatic liver cancer. Liver function classfication was 53 cases in Child class A, 15 in class B and 2 in class C. In 21 patients with non-operated small HCC (≤5 cm), 12 of 17 patients with AFP positive were decreased to normal (70.6%) and decreased markedly in 4 (23.5%), and MRI showed the treated tumors were completely necrosis in 16 patients (76.2%). The 3, 6 month survival rates were 90.5%, 100% respectively in small HC groups, and 66.7% to 72.7% and 27.6% to 72.7% in large HC groups.Conclusions　PRFA as a local thermal therapy is becoming a kind of new palliative treatment for hepatic malignancies, which not only is safe, minimally invasive, and effective for small ones; but also can be used with combination of TACE for larger ones.

Objective:The paper aims to provide recommendations for improving the essential medicines’ cen-tralized bidding procurement and quantity-based pricing policy. Methods: Based on the documents and literature on essential medicines’ centralized bidding procurement, we analyzed the factors which have a great impact on implemen-tation of the quantity-based pricing in essential medicines’ centralized procurement using the text research, semi-structured interview questionnaire and on-phone interviews. Results:The quantity-based pricing needs to define a ge-neric name and specific dosage form of drugs in the essential medicines’ centralized procurement. Its implementation was mainly influenced by the following factors:the procurement area accessibility, the pharmaceuticals category, dis-ease and drug alternative procurement methods and cycle, the payment and settlement time, and irregularities in the procurement process. Suggestions:During this implementation, we also need to clearly predict the quantity and pro-curement method, set up a proper policy environment for a quantity-based pricing, cancel the price linkage mecha-nism, strictly put into practice the payment deadline, employ a unique billing method and strengthen the information construction for the provincial centralized procurement platform. Some medicines’ quantity-based pricing should be carried out in the chosen pilots for laying a good foundation for its promotion.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and relationships with c1inicopatho1ogica1 characteristics and their clinical significance. Methods The concentrations of serum VEGF and bFGF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 40 patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy. Results The level of serum VEGF in patients with Ⅳ stage NSCLC was significantly higher than that of Ⅲ stage(P

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) on invasive ability of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) line CNE-2Z. Methods The proliferation of NPC cells was examined by MTT assay. The invasive and migrating ability of NPC cells was detected with transwell chamber. E-cadherin protein expression was detected by immunocytochemistry and the expressions of Cox-2 and E-cadherin mRNA were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results MTT showed that celecoxib inhibited CNE-2Z proliferation in dose-dependent manner, the survival rate of cells treated with 25, 50, 100 μ mol/L celecoxib (-x±s) for 24 h was(94. 75 ±1.34)%, (91.77 ±2. 70)% , (64. 54 ± 1.20)%, respectively, and the survival rate of cells treated for 48 h was ( 88.41±1.28 ) %, ( 78. 84 ± 1.56 ) %, ( 52. 46 ± 2. 25 ) %, respectively, the concentration of 50% inhibition concentration of a substance (IC50) was 100 μmol/L, the difference was statistically significant between different concentration groups in the same time-point ( repectively, F were 462. 204 and 1328. 306, P ＜0. 01 ). Treated with different concentrations of celecoxib(0, 25, 50 μmol/L) for 24, the cell numbers (-x±s) through PVPF by tumor invasion assay were (263.7 ± 13.5), (185.3 ±8.7) and (144. 0 ± 8. 2), the difference was statistically significant between the experimental and control group (F =102. 089, P ＜0. 01 ). Immunocytochemistry showed that celecoxib significantly induced the increase of Ecadherin protein expression, also with a dose-dependence in 0 μmol/L, 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L group was (21.7 ±2. 6), (28. 7 ±2. 4), (40. 3 ± 1.3), and 50 μmol/L group increased significantly ( F =78. 637,P ＜0. 01 ). RT-PCR showed that celecoxib reduced the expression of Cox-2 mRNA expression in 25, 50 μmol/L group decreased significantly compared with the control group (respectively, t were 23. 950 and 36. 651, P ＜ 0. 01 ), but it enhanced the expression of E-cadherin mRNA expression in 25, 50 μmol/L group was significantly higher ( respectively, t were 35. 829 and 81. 497, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion Celecoxib can inhibits the invasive ability of NPC cell line CNE-2Z, which possibly relates with the upregulated expression of E-cadherin.

Clinical trial protocol is the document that illustrates the background of a clinical trial, theoretic basis, objective, design, methods, and organization, as well as statistical calculating, implement, and conditions for completion. Clinical trial protocol is the basic measure for ensuring the validity of scientific results and reducing bias. In order to optimize the design of clinical trial protocol, we generalize main problems in Chinese medicine clinical trials, key points of clinical trial protocol, as well as report standards.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research Design ; standards

Applications of network pharmacology are increasingly widespread and methods abound in the field of drug development and pharmacological research. In this study, we choose rosiglitazone compound as the object to predict the targets and to discuss the mechanism based on three kinds of prediction methods of network pharmacology. Comparison of the prediction result has identified that the three kinds of prediction methods had their own characteristics: targets and pathways predicted were not in accordance with each other. However, the calcium signaling pathway could be predicted in the three kinds of methods, which associated with diabetes and cognitive impairment caused by diabetes by bioinformatics analysis. The above conclusion indicates that the calcium signaling pathway is important in signal pathway regulation of rosiglitazone compound, which provides a clue to further explain the mechanism of the compound and also provides a reference for the selection and application of methods of network pharmacology in the actual research.
Calcium Signaling ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Computational Biology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; methods ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology

In order to clarify material basis of effective parts of liangxue tongyu prescription, blood-heat and blood-stasis rat model induced by dry yeast was established. The changes of rectal temperature, blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were used to evaluate the cooling-blood and activating-blood effects of liangxue tongyu prescription and its parts. Compared with the model group, the extract from liangxue tongyu prescription, its volatile oil and n-butanol part could significantly reduce rectal temperature (P<0.01), and also reduce blood viscosity and plasma viscosity to various degrees (P<0.01 or P<0.05). So volatile oil and n-butanol part were primarily identified as effective parts of liangxue tongyu prescription. By using GC-MS with normalization method of area to analyze volatile oil of liangxue tongyu prescription, 70 compounds were identified, accounting for about 92.54%, mainly as β-asarone, paeonol, α-asarone and shyobunone. 42 compounds such as peony glycosides, tannins, and iridoid glycosides were identified by HPLC-MS techniques and standard comparison. The study determined the effective parts of liangxue tongyu prescription and clarified the chemical composition providing the foundation for further studies on material basis of liangxue tongyu prescription.
Acetophenones ; chemistry ; Animals ; Anisoles ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Rats ; Tannins ; chemistry