Abstract： Objective　To analyze the changes of cytokine levels in patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis before and after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Methods　The clinical data of 213 pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2019 to October 2020 were collected, and divided into a sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis group and a drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis group, of which 141 were in the sensitive group and 72 in the drug-resistant group , and the pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and IL-4 in plasma before treatment, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were compared. Results　Compared with the healthy group, the levels of plasma IL-6 in the sensitive group and the resistant group were significantly increased, difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the sensitive group were increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of IL-6 and IL-4 in the plasma of the sensitive group after 6 months of treatment were lower than those after 3 months of treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and IFN-γ was significantly decreased (P<0.001). After 6 months of treatment, the IL-10 content was lower than that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the IFN-γ decreased significantly (P<0.000 1). The levels of IFN-γ at 3 months were higher than those in the resistant group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). After 6 months of treatment, there was no significant difference in the content of IFN-γ between the sensitive group and the resistant group. The effective rate of CT absorption was 70% in the sensitive group and only 43.33% in the resistant group at 3 months of treatment, and there was no significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups after 6 months of treatment. Conclusions　Detection of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma can provide reference for host-directed therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. Understanding this important feature of cytokines on pathogen-host interactions can provide new insights into the study of virulence mechanisms and may provide new approaches for immune intervention in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the adenoviral vector encoding the whole humanized antibody gene of pres_2 antigen for preventing the liver graft from infection by the hepatitis B virus. Methods The whole humanized antibody gene to pres_2 antigen was cloned into type 5 adenoviral shuttle plasmid pDC315. The corresponding recombinant virus was obtained by homologous recombination in 293 packaging cells. The virus containing the whole humanized antibody gene of preS_2 antigen was transfected into the rat liver graft during cold preservation. The effect of the recipient serum containing preS_2 antibody protecting human hepatocytes from hepatitis B virus infection was observed. Results The viral titer determined by TCID50 analysis was 5.1 ?10 10 PFU/ml. The concentration of preS_2 antibody was ( 16.7 ? 10.5 ) mg/L on the day 3 and ( 30.9 ? 13.6 ) mg/L on the day 7. The serum containing preS_2 antibody could protect human hepatocytes from hepatitis B virus infection in vitro when the concentration of the preS_2 antibody was more than 0.5 ?g/ml. Conclusions The adenoviral vector encoding the whole humanized antibody gene of preS_2 protein were constructed successfully. The whole humanized antibody was expressed. The preS_2 antibody in recipient serum protecting human hepatocytes from hepatitis B virus infection was observed, which might be a new method to prevent hepatitis B re-infection after liver transplantation.

Objective To explore the role of p170, MRP, bcl-2 in clinical drug- resistance and their correlation. Methods There are 44 acute leukemia(AL) patients, among them ANLL is 29, ALL is 15.The expression of p170, MRP, bcl-2 were detected. At last, the patients were divided into two groups: CR and NR according to efficacy after two periods standard chemotherapy. Results Overexpression of p170, MRP,bcl-2 were found in AL (P ＜0.05). The expression of p170 and MRP were lower in CR group than that in NR groups in AML and ALL; there were 22 of 24 patients expressed one or two proteins in NR groups and the expression of p170 in patients was concordant with that of MRP to certain extent (P ＜0.01). The overexpression of bcl-2 was related with the worse prognosis. The expression of bcl-2 was lower significantly in CR group than in CR and NR (P＜0.05). Conclusion p170, bcl-2, MRP are all associated with clinical MDR. High expression of these proteins is an unfavorable factor to prognosis. The expression of MRP and p170 showed coincidence, but showed no significance with expression of bcl-2 in untreated patients, it indicated that the drug-resistance mediated by p170 was different from bcl-2.

Objective To contrast the curative effect of mosapride with that of domperidone on gastroparesis diabeticorum (DGP).Methods 52 DGP definite patients were divided into two groups randomly, mosapride group and domperidone group. The clinical effect and the change and untoward effect of gastric emptying time of this two medicines were observed after treatment for four weeks’.Results The curative effect of mosapride in treating DGP was obviously better than that of domperidone The total clinical effective rate between this two groups showed significant difference (P

Probability of causation (PC) was used to facilitate the adjudication of compensation claims for cancers diagnosed following exposure to ionizing radiation. In this article, the excess cancer risk assessment models used for PC calculation are reviewed. Cancer risk transfer models between different populations, dependence of cancer risk on dose and dose rate, modification by epidemiological risk factors and application of PC are also discussed in brief.

Objective To find methods to isolate and purify plasminogen activator (Pla) from artificial culture of Yersinia pestis. Methods Ultrasonication and urea extracting combined by ammonium sulfate salting-out were tried to extract Pla. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to purify Pla. The first step was ion exchange and the second was gel filtration, Preparative electrophoresis was used to purify Pla, too. The enzyme activity of the isolated or purificated Pla was detected. Results Both 50% - 60% saturated ammonium sulfate deposition of supernatant of plague bacilli ultrasonication and 0 - 10% saturated ammonium sulfate deposition of supernatant of plague bacilli powder soaked by urea had three bands(Mr about 31×103, 35×103 and 37×103) and lysis rings were 6.5 and 7.2 mm in diameter respectively when the enzyme activity was detected. Pla purified by HPLC was mainly composed of three bands(Mr about 31×103, 35×103 and 37×103), occupying more than 80% of total protein weight and lysis ring was 5.0 mm in diameter. Pla purified by preparative electrophoresis mainly consisted of three bands(Mr about 31×103, 35×103 and 37×103) with other proteins of low concentration nearby, no lysis ring was detected. Conclusions Pla is collected by the methods of ultrasonication and urea extracting. Priliminary purification of Pla can be achieved by HPLC and preparative electrophoresis.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Recovery of Function ; Tibia ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDTarget-controlled infusion (TCI) has been recently developed and successfully implemented in clinical practice. The current study was to estimate the population pharmacokinetics of rocuronium TCI in adult patients using nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM), and to investigate the influence of relevant factors in adult patients.

METHODSFourteen ASA I-II patients undergoing elective laparoscopy operation with general anesthesia were included. After induction, all patients received rocuronium by TCI system. The beginning target plasma concentration (Cpt) was 2.0 µg/ml, then increased Cpt according to the neuromuscular transmission monitoring. The endpoint of Cpt was determined when the T₁ scale was blocked by 90% - 95%. TCI rocuronium was stopped 30 minutes before the end of the operation. Arterial blood was drawn before anesthesia at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes after the infusion of rocuronium was stopped for the analysis of plasma concentrations of rocuronium by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The population pharmacokinetics analysis was performed using NONMEM program.

RESULTSThe pharmacokinetics of TCI rocuronium in adult patients was best described by a three-compartment model. Pharmacokinetic parameters were clearance (CL)₁ = 0.205 L/min, CL₂ = 0.324 L/min, CL₃ = 0.0292 L/min, volumes of distribution (V)₁ = 4.00 L, V₂ = 2.28 L, V₃ = 4.26 L, Vdss = 10.54 L. Both age and weight as covariates affected the pharmacokinetic parameters. V₁ and CL₁ were negatively correlated with patient age. CL₁ was positively correlated with weight.

CONCLUSIONSNo pharmacokinetic change was noted when rocuronium was administered via TCI. Both age and weight as covariates affected the pharmacokinetic parameters.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androstanols ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective:To study the association of air pollution with health service demand of the elderly and middle-age patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and to provide a scientific ba-sis for development of environmental protection policy and health service policy of the Chinese govern-ment.Methods:This study included survey data on self-evaluated health,outpatient service demand and inpatient service demand of the patients with hypertension,heart disease and stroke in 62 cities of 1 7 provinces from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 201 1 and 201 3,and com-bined it with the data on the annual concentrations of inhalable particulate matter(PM1 0 ),sulfur dioxide (SO2 )and nitrogen dioxide(NO2 )of those provinces and cities.Conditional Logistic regression was car-ried out to assess the possible effects of air pollutants on self-evaluated health and health service utiliza-tion.Results:The results showed that turning points existed in the effects of concentrations of NO2 and SO2 on the health service demand of the patients with hypertension,heart disease and stroke.The inpa-tient service demand of the hypertension patients increased with NO2 concentration when it was lower than 35.1 μg/m3 and decreased with NO2 concentration for higher value.Self-evaluated health of the patients with heart disease and stroke decreased with SO2 concentration when it was lower than 63.8 μg/m3 and increased with SO2 concentration for higher value.In addition,no evidence was found for the association between PM1 0 and health service demand.Conclusion:Air pollution may have effects on health service demand of the patients with hypertension,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and different air pollutants at high or low concentration may have different health effects.

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of serous microcystic adenoma of pancreas ( SMAP) . Methods Immunohistochemical study was carried out, and the clinical and pathologic features were evaluated in 11 cases of SMAP, and review the literatures. Results The age of onset of 11 cases of SMAP ranged from 41~68 years ( average=55 years) . All of them were females. The clinical presentations were right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Five tumors located in the pancreas head (45. 5%). Grossly, ten cases were solitary, one case was multiple. The boundary of tumor was clear, the cut surface of tumor was honeycomb. Histologic examination showed that the tumors were made up of small sized capsule wall lining of single-layer flat or cube epithelial cell. The cytoplasm was clear, nucleus was small and no atypical features. Immunohistochemical study showed that all of the 11 cases were positive for CK, CK7, CK18, CK19, EMA, 3 cases were positive for NSE,α-ACT, all of the 11 cases were negative for CgA, Syn, vimentin, TG, Calretinin. Ki-67<1%. Vascular vessels were positive for D2-40 and CD34. Conclusions SMAP is a very rare benign tumor of pancreas. It should be distinguished from oligo-cystic cystadenoma, pseudocyst, mucinous cystadenoma, lymphangioma and capillary hemangioma, mesothelioma.