OBJECTIVETo introduce the framework of evidence-based practice with a case of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as an example.

METHODSA clinical question was formulated according the clinical scenario. A systematic search was conducted for the published literature in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trial Registries, and Web of Knowledge up to Dec 2014. The identified literature was reviewed for quality appraisal before the evidence was applied to clinical practice.

RESULTSThe treatment was effective and the patient achieved disease remission.

CONCLUSIONEvidence-based practice should be integrated with clinical scenario, current evidence, and patients' willingness, and follow a systematic framework.

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; therapy

Based on the conserved region nucleotide sequences of five potato viruses/viroid(Alfalfa Mosaic Virus,ALMV;Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV;Cucumber mosaic virus-satellite,CMV-sat;Potato virus Y,PVY;Potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd) and one inner control(18S rRNA),the microarray containing specific oligonucleotide probes and PCR probes were designed and fabricated.The effects of probe concentration,hybridization time,hybridization temperature and spotting solutions on microarray hybridiazation were evaluated.Finally the specificity of optimized plant virus detection array was validated.No significant effect on hybridization signal intensity was observed when the concentration of the oligonucleotide probes ranged from 5 to 20 ?mol/L,there was a linear relationship between the concentration of PCR probe and hybridization signal intensity.The greatest signal intensity were obtained when hybridized at 45℃ for 4 h,and the oligonucleotide probes and PCR probes had a similar effect on microarray hybrization.Among the different spotting solutions,DMSO produced a good reproducibility.The plant virus could be detected specifically by oligonucleotide probe microarray and PCR probe microarray after optimization.

Objective To determine the effect of mitochondria on the protection of heat-shock proteins B1(HSPB1) from oxidative damage in rat cardiac cell.Methods HSPB1 gene-transfected rat cardiomyocytes cell line H9c2 (HSPB1 H9c2) and empty vector transfected H9c2 (control) were established,and treated by 0-1000?mol/L H_2O_2 for 2h.And then the cell morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. Results (1)HSPB1 inhibited the morphological changes induced by H_2O_2 markedly.(2)HSPB1 inhibited the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H_2O_2.Following the stimulation of 0,75,150,300,500,1000?mol/L H_2O_2,mitochondrial membrane potential in HSPB1 and control H9c2 cells were (10.0?0.11)vs (7.01?0.26),(9.11?0.17)vs (6.05?0.19),(7.69?0.28)vs (5.14?0.28),(6.95?0.13)vs (4.66?0.11),(6.61?0.20)vs (1.85?0.35),(6.60?0.05)vs (1.19?0.01),respectively (all P0.05).Conclusions HSPB1 protects rat cardiomyocytes cell line(H9c2) from oxidative damage,which suggests that stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the decreased endogenous reactive oxygen species after oxidative stress may be involved in the protection of HSPB1 against oxidative stress in H9c2.

OBJECTIVETo study the epilepsy patients and their family members on their knowledge of the disease.

METHODSA 34-point questionnaire with 34 questions related to epilepsy knowledge was used for the survey on 170 pairs of epilepsy patients and their family members in Huashan hospital. Characters of the disease on the subjects were recorded.

RESULTSThe mean scores of the epilepsy knowledge of the patients and their family members were 16.5 +/- 8.2 and 16.1 +/- 8.5, respectively. The scores were quite low with no statistical difference between patients and their family members. The rate of correct answer in the urban subjects was obviously higher than those subjects living in the rural areas. All the subjects lacked the knowledge on the "cause of disease" when comparing with items as "diagnosis" and "treatment". Multivariate analysis showed that rural residents (P = 0.0001, OR = 52.963) and low education level (P = 0.0294, OR = 2.266) related to low epilepsy knowledge score among epilepsy patients. However, for family members, the factor related to low score was only living in the rural area (P = 0.0001, OR = 37.229).

CONCLUSIONEducation on the epilepsy knowledge should be strengthened, especially in the rural areas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Epilepsy ; psychology ; Family Health ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

【Objective】 To establish a simple, economical and rapid method for the determination of methylene blue (MB) release in virus inactivation bag. 【Methods】 Based on the fluorescence energy transfer between MB and BSA-stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs), the standard curve of MB determination was established by measuring the fluorescence quenching degree of MB to BSA-AuNCs in different concentrations to conduct the determination of MB release in virus inactivation bag. 【Results】 There was a good linear relationship between the MB concentration (cMB) and the fluorescence quenching degree of BSA-AuNCs[ (I0-I)/I0=0.018cMB+ 0.021(r=0.996)] when the fluorescence emission wavelength was about 620 nm and the cMB was in the range of (0.9-36) μmoL/L. The recovery of MB was 98.00% -101.95 % when applied to determine MB at high, medium, and low concentrations, the obtained intra-day variation coefficients were 0.73%, 0.81% and 0.77% respectively, and the obtained inter-day variation coefficients were 3.92%, 3.81%, and 4.73% respectively. There was no significant difference between the results measured by this method and those measured by combination of solid-phase extraction and spectrophotometry(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The fluorescence energy transfer method could achieve simple and rapid determination of MB release in virus inactivation bag with accurate and reliable results.

OBJECTIVEWe investigated the effects of pitavastatin on angiogenesis and perfusion in C3H/He mice with unilateral hind limb ischemia.

METHODSC3H/He mice treated with saline (n = 15) or pitavastatin (1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), n = 15) per gavage for 1 week underwent unilateral hind limb ischemia surgery and were treated for another 5 weeks. Hind-limb blood flow was measured by Laser Doppler perfusion imager (LDPI, ischemic/nonischemic limb, %) at baseline, immediately after ischemia and weekly thereafter for 5 weeks. Endpoints included local vessel counts by immunofluorescence, phospho-Akt positive cell counts by immunoenzyme histochemical technique, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) expression in ischemic limbs by Western blot and serum nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) by chrome dioxide Griess method.

RESULTSLower extremity perfusion was significantly improved in pitavastatin treated mice vs. controls as measured by LDPI% at 1 week post ischemia and thereafter (P < 0.05). Pitavastatin treatment was associated with significantly increased capillary count [(47 +/- 11) vs. (26 +/- 14)/per high-power field (x 200), P < 0.05] and greater percentage of phospho-Akt positive cells [(6 +/- 1) vs. (2 +/- 0)/per high-power field (x 200), P < 0.05] in ischemic limbs. Serum NOx [(77.3 +/- 21.8) vs. (52.1 +/- 11.2) mol/L, P < 0.05) and VEGF protein expression in ischemic limbs were also significantly increased in pitavastatin group than those in control group.

CONCLUSIONSPitavastatin enhances angiogenesis and perfusion in CsH/He mice with limb ischemia.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Quinolines ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sleep status of college and high schools students.

METHODSPittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and self-manufactured questionnaires about siesta habits were used as tools. Three groups of students from medical college (MC), senior high school (SS) and junior high school (JS) were surveyed.

RESULTSIn the group MC, SS and JS, the occurrence rates of sleep disorders were 27%, 62% and 54%, respectively, and in which the appearance rates of insomnia were 17%, 19% and 19%, longing for sleep were 10%, 43% and 35% respectively. And there were no significant difference between schoolboy and schoolgirl. The occurrence rates of slack breathing were different (5/155, 1/154) significantly between group SS and JS. The distinct differences also were found in group JS and MC, in which students felt hot (10/155, 1/122) and in all the three groups, in which students felt sleepy (55/155, 62/154, 13/122) whereas the difference of sleepy between group SS and JS was comparatively distinct (55/155, 62/154). Significant differences were also found between group JS and SS, MC in average sleep time of (7.65 +/- 0.87) hours, (7.16 +/- 0.83) hours, and (7.10 +/- 0.57) hours. The time of falling asleep (median 15 min, 10 min, 20 min) and siesta habit (8/155, 19/154, 75/122) among group MC and SS, JS were different respectively and markedly, whereas siesta habit differences between group SS and JS were comparatively distinct (8/155, 19/154).

CONCLUSIONStudents in high school showed higher rate of longing for sleep, and this implicated they fall short of sleep time greatly and siesta could improve their sleepy signs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sleep ; physiology ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Acute Disease ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; methods ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo clone, express and identify the mecA fragment which encoded penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from patients by gene recombination method.

METHODSAccording to the sequence of mecA gene recorded in GenBank, the primer of mecA fragment which encoded amino acids 25 - 668 of PBP2a was designed. Then the mecA fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into pQE30 plasmid. After being identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing, the recombinant plasmid was transferred into E. coli M15 [pREP4], and then its expression was induced by 1 mmol/L Isopropy-beta-D-Thiogalactoside (IPTG). The expression product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, protein sequencing and mass spectroscopy.

RESULTSThe recombinant pQE30- mecA had been successfully constructed. The result of sequencing showed that the mecA fragment had 1932 bases, including 9 bases undergoing mutation. After being induced for 6 hours by IPTG, the soluble protein in M15 (pQE30- mecA), with a relative molecular weight of 74 x 10(3), was found by SDS-PAGE. The soluble protein had been confirmed to be PBP2a after identification.

CONCLUSIONThe soluble PBP2a of MRSA isolated from patients is expressed successfully by gene recombinant technology.

Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Methicillin Resistance ; genetics ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Peptide Synthases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasmids

AIMTry to clarify the effects of HSF1 gene on the constitutively expressed alphaBC.

METHODSTo investigate the levels of constitutively expressed alphaB-Crystallin (alphaBC) in hsf1 knockout (hsf1 -/-) and hsf1 wild type (hsf1 +/+) mice myocardium by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe alphaBC levels in hsf1 -/- and hsf1 +/+ were 68.42% +/- 4.16%, 100% +/- 7.58%, respectively (P < 0.05, cytosolic fraction), and 20.53% +/- 1.01%, 37.55% +/- 1.91%, respectively (P < 0.05, pellet fraction). The alphaBC signals decreased significantly in hsf1 -/- myocardium compared with hsf1 +/+ myocardium stained with fluorescence immunohistochemistry.

CONCLUSIONhsf1 is the important, but not the only factor, which mediates the constitutively expressed alphaBC.

Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Heat Shock Transcription Factors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; alpha-Crystallin B Chain ; genetics ; metabolism