Objective To study the reliability of Gleason score by prostate biopsy with prostatic cancer(PCa)in prediction of tumor location and analyse related influencing factors of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy.Methods The retrospective study recruited 72 patients with PCa who had been diagnosed by trans rectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy,and eventually treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.The correlation of each index were analyzed by statistical software.Results In this study,Kappa test indicated a good agreement that Gleason score between prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy.Biopsy positive more focused on four peripheral points near the bottom.Biopsy tumor location was not suitable for predicting tumor distribution.Biopsy Gleason score and biopsy positive percentage in biopsy specimen were independent predictors of positive surgical margins.F and L points had good correlation with the positive surgical margins.Conclusion The biopsy Gleason score is a good evidence to pathological grading in patients.These information will lead to positive surgical margins rise possibly:needle biopsy Gleason score exceed 7.25,positive biopsy percentage more than 45% and the location positive biopsy close to prostate apex.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector of antisense MBD1 gene fragment and to provide a tool for studying MBD1 gene function. Methods PCR primers were designed according to the coding sequence of MBD1 gene. Xba I and Kpn I recognition sequences and cutting sites were added to the 5' end of the sense and antisense primer respectively. The 342 bp specific PCR fragment was obtained from the cDNA of biliary tract carcinoma cell line QBC-939 using RT-PCR, the purified PCR fragment was then inserted reversely into the multiple cloning site of eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. 1 ( + ). The constructed recombinant plasmid was identified by PCR confirmation, Xba I and Kpn I double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Results The 322 bp specific DNA band was obtained by PCR, Xba I and Kpn I double digestion produced a 327 bp and a 5. 4 kb DNA band which represent the inserted target gene fragment and the vector respectively. The sequencing result confirmed that the sequence of inserted fragment was correct. Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector of antisense MBD1 gene fragment was constructed successfully by using gene cloning technique. It will be a useful tool for studying MBD1 gene function in DNA methylation and tumorigenesis.

According to the latest data from the National Cancer Center of China, prostate cancer (PCa) has become the highest incidence tumors of urinary since 2008, and its incidence and mortality has occupied great attention in the past decades. Therefore, the choice of safe and effective diagnostic method, to detect the occurrence of PCa, is necessary. The way of clinical diagnosis mainly includes digital rectal examination, serum PSA, transrectal ultrasound, MRI spectroscopy imaging, and prostate biopsy, ect. Prostate biopsy is the most reliable diagnosis method and agold standardfor the diagnosis of PCa. The systematic use of the prostate biopsy has greatly improved the diagnosis of PCa. However, there are several prostate biopsy scheme and scholars proposed a variety of programs on the choice of puncture point. It has not yet formed a standard method at this stage. In this study, we will review the development of prostate biopsy and the status recent research to explore application value of different method.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the framework of evidence-based practice with a case of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as an example.

METHODSA clinical question was formulated according the clinical scenario. A systematic search was conducted for the published literature in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trial Registries, and Web of Knowledge up to Dec 2014. The identified literature was reviewed for quality appraisal before the evidence was applied to clinical practice.

RESULTSThe treatment was effective and the patient achieved disease remission.

CONCLUSIONEvidence-based practice should be integrated with clinical scenario, current evidence, and patients' willingness, and follow a systematic framework.

Objective The study was to evaluate DWI for quantifying liver fibrosis. Methods A total of 12 volunteers, 47 patients who had chronic HBV or HCV hepatitis and underwent liver biopsy [Scheuer score for fibrosis(S) and inflammation(G)] were enrolled in this study. They were scanned using a 1.5 T MR unit with b value of 0,250,500,750, 1000 s/mm~2. ADCs at b_(250-1000) and b_(500-1000) were the average ADCs of b=250, 500, 750, 1000 s/mm~2 and b=500, 750, 1000 s/mm~2. The studied the correlation between Scbeuer scores and ADC values, and conducted Mann-Whitney U test and Logistic regression to evaluate ADC for prediction of fibrosis scores. Results The average ADCs were (1.41± 0.11),(1.37±0.09), (1.27±0.05), (1.26±0.04), (1.22±0.06) mm~2/s respectively from SO to S4, stage at b=750 s/mm~2 (F=18.31, P<0.01). With the increase of fibrosis score, the average ADC decreased gradually, the two were better negatively correlated at b_(250-1000)(r=-0.727, P<0.01) than other b values. Using b_(750) and the two combined b values, the found significantly lower ADCs in S2 or greater versus S1 or less and in S3 or greater versus S2 or less fibrosis (P<0.01). The best predictor for S2 or greater was b_(750) with the largest AUC of 0.909, sensitivity of 85.7%, and specificity of 100.0% (ADC ≤1.35×10~(-3) mm~2/s). The best predictor for S3 or greater was b_(250-1000) with the largest AUC of 0.864, sensitivity of 69.6%, and specificity of 95.8% (ADC≤1.53×10~(-3) mm~2/s). Conclusion DWI can be a good predictor for scoring liver fibrosis for S2 or S3 stage above, while b_(750) and the combined b values are suitable for evaluation.

Objective: To investigate applicability for Boston naming test (30 items) (BNT) in Chinese elderly and identify effect for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia(AD) using BNT. Methods:100 normal elderly, 38 amnesic MCI, 34 mild AD and 38 moderate AD were evaluated by neuropsychological tests (include BNT, mini mental state examination and auditory verbal memory test, etc). MMSE total score of 4 groups were 28.4?1.5, 26.1?2.6, 20.7?1.7, and 15.6?3.3, respectively. Results: Age, sex, level of education were found to be significant factors affecting overall scores of spontaneous naming in normal elderly group. Spontaneous naming score for participants of elementary, high school and college groups were 22.2?3.3, 25.5?2.5 and 26.3?1.8, respectively. Scoring of male participants higher than that of females. Spontaneous naming score of 4 groups were 24.9?3.0, 20.9?3.6, 18.7?4.0 and 15.7?4.2, respectively. As cut-off ≤22 score of spontaneous naming of BNT, the sensitivities for MCI, mild AD and moderate AD were 61%, 79% and 95% respectively; the specificities were all around 81%. Selective impairment of unfamiliar items occurred MCI and mild AD and hold of familiar item across diagnostic groups. Semantic cue naming and recognition ability by BNT showed there was progressive damage in AD patients, but less than that of spontaneous naming of BNT. Conclusion: The ability of naming is influenced by age, gender and educational level. Patients with MCI or mild AD have impairment in naming.

To study the influence of foreign plasmid DNA on spleen metabolism in immune-stimulated mice via the gastrointestinal tract. Mice were oral administered by pipette with 200?g of plasmid pcDNA3 and spleen were isolated at 4h and 18h after oral administration. Total RNA were extracted from spleen and spleen gene expression profile of Balb/c mice was analyzed by using Affymetrix oligonucleotide genechip after oral plasmid pcDNA3 administration. Functional cluster analysis was conducted by Genmapp and MAPPFinder software. By functional cluster analyzing the genes which were up-regulated more than twofolds, Genmapp results showed that plenty of metabolic pathway were induced in spleen after oral administration of plasmid pcDNA3. These metabolic process included purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, protein synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, Glycolysis, TCA cycle and mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The similar results also took place at 18h after oral administration. The result indicated that foreign plasmid DNA can modulate metabolism process in spleen of mice via the gastrointestinal tract, and may help understand the mechanism of action of foreign plasmid DNA uptaked via the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of parotid gland carcinoma. Methods: Eighty-six postoperated patients with parotid gland carcinoma( 7 in stage Ⅰ, 28 in stage Ⅱ, 33 in stage Ⅲ and 18 in stage Ⅳ) were radiated by 60Co ?-ray or linear accelerator X-ray combined with electron beam. All patients were diagnosed by pathology and followed up for more than 5 years. Results: The five year survival rate and the local control rate were 73.3% and 87.2% respectively. Poor prognosis was observed in the cases with the neoplastic classification of undifferentiated carcinoma, sequamous cell carcinoma and malignant pleomorphic adenoma, but the better prognosis was obtained in the cases with acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Poor prognosis was observed in the cases with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ of clinical stage. Radiotherapy undertaken in 2 weeks after surgical operation gave higher 5- year survival ratio( 83.8%). The group given 51～60 Gy radiation showed 82.9% of five- year survival rate. Conclusion: The combination of surgery with radiation is effective in the treatment of parotid gland carcinoma.Radiation of 51～60 Gy 2 weeks after operation may result in better prognosis. Neoplastic type and clinical stage are important factors for prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of convalescent training on patients after special prosthesis replacement in treatment of giant cell tumors. Methods 20 patients with giant cell tumors were treated with convalescent trainings postoperatively,including trainings of muscle strength,joint movement, balance, noumenal sense and gait and were emphasized for earlier training of active muscle contraction. Results According to Enneking score system of bone and muscle postoperation, the lowest for extremitas superior postoperation score of 5 patiens was 20,the highest was 28, the average was 26.6. 4 patiens score was higher than 24, the good rate was 80.0 %.15 patiens extremitas inferior score was from 14 to 27, the average was 21.5, the good rate was 86.7 %. Conclusion Earlier staged joint functional rehabilitation exercise after special prosthesis replacement in treatment of giant cell tumors could prevent ankylosis,improve adhering of capsule,ligament and other soft tissue,and recover the joint function to maximum.

Biotechnology supremacy is a newly-advanced power theory. It is a superior dominance of military biotechnological application based on the microcosm of life structure within a certain period of time. The advancement of biotechnology supremacy and modern biotechnology has created the concept of bio-micro-frontier, which involves information and defense resources of all living ultra-micro-organisms with national and regional characteristics. Being feasible both in theory and practice, the implementation of bio-micro-frontier system is strategically important. This article explores the implementation of bio-micro-frontier in terms of strategy and tactics, which will add a unique dimension to future military transformation and active defense.