Object To study the microwave assisted procedure for the extraction of baicalin from root of Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi Methods An MSP 100D domestically made microwave sample preparation system with a maximum power of 850 watts was used. The effects of solvents, pressure/temperature of solvents and microwave radiation time on the yield of baicalin were studied by orthogonal experimental design. Results The optimal experimental conditions were extraction at 70% of microwave power with 30 times of 35% ethanol at a constant heating pressure/temperature of 0.15 MPa for 30 s. Conclusion The microwave assisted extraction not only takes a shorter time with better parallel results, but also gave an increased yield of about 10% as compared with ultrasonic extraction.

The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa) on lineafity growth and final height in 82 girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) was evaluated. The growth velocity in the second year was positively correlated with the difference value of bone age between the first year and the second year after treatment. The height standard deviation score for bone age and predicted aduh height increased after treatment. Twenty-six girls who had been followed to final height obtained better adult height than target height. GnRHa in combination with aerobic exercise increases linear growth and final height in girls with CPP.

The starting material L-tryptophan reacted with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde via Pictet-Spengler condensation and followed by oxidation and decarboxylation to afford the 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-beta-carboline. The intermediate was further reacted with alkyl halogenide by N(9)-alkylation and N2-quaternarization to obtain 12 novel 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-beta-carboline derivatives. The chemical structures of all target compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, MS and 1H NMR spectra. The antitumor activities of the target compounds were evaluated by MTT method. The results demonstrated that N2-quaternarized compounds enhanced the antitumor activity significantly. In particular, compound 15 was found to be the most potent compound with IC50 values lower than 5 micromol x L(-1) against 6 human tumor cells. These results confirmed that the N2-alkyl or aralkyl substituent on the beta-carboline ring played an important role in the modulation of the antitumor activities.

Objective To determine the feasibility and the optimal dose reduction of AIDR 3D on piglet chest CT which can provide image quality (IQ) comparable to filtered back projection (FBP).Methods Twenty-nine normal pigs with the weight of 3-12kg underwent 640-slice MDCT chest CT (Aquilion one,Toshiba) for 5 times with 80 kvp and various mAs.SureExposure3D technique were used and the index of noise were set to SD 10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,20.0(Group A,B,C,D,E) to reduce dose successively.Group A were reconstructed with FBP,Group B,C,D,E were reconstructed using AIDR 3D (strong level).Quantitative image noise and signal to noise ratio(SNR) were measured in each group.Two radiologists graded subject image quality on both lung images (artifacts,central airway,lung tissue) and mediastinal images (mediastinal structure) and overall image quality using a 5-point scale in a blinded manner.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD test were used for comparisons of objective evaluation indices (CT value,noise,SNR)and radiation dose(CTDIvo1,DLP,ED) among the five groups.The Friedman test and Wilcoxon test were used for comparisons of demographic data and for detection of differences in subjective evaluation of IQ among groups.A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to establish a radiation reduction threshold up to which comparable IQ(score≥4) was maintained.Results Compared with Group A[noise(15.25 ± 3.14)HU,SNR 3.23 ± 1.07],Group B,C had significant lower noise and higher SNR [noise (12.11 ± 2.75),(13.18 ± 3.16)HU; SNR 4.13 ± 1.38,3.80 ± 1.20;F =7.38,3.11,P ＜0.05].Group D,E showed no significantly different noise and SNR with Group A[noise (15.14±4.51),(15.79 ±4.17)HU;SNR 3.40± 1.56,3.45 ± 1.70;P＞0.05].Group B,C had significant better subject image quality compared with Group A (P ＜0.01).Group D had no significantly different subject image quality compared with Group A (P ＞ 0.05).Group E had 5 pigs with overall image scores of ＜ 3.The ROC curve of IQ established SD 17.5 (Group D) as optimal cut-off point (AUC 0.75,95％ CI 0.58-0.92).Group D provided equivalent subjective image score and objective IQ measurements compared with FBP images in Group A.The ED of group D was 59％ lower than that of group A[CTDIvol (1.14±0.27) mGy vs (0.47 ±0.16)mGy,F=183.83,P＜0.01].Conclusion Using AIDR 3D technique,80 kvp with SureExposure3D (SD 17.5) can provide comparable IQ compared with routine dose with FBP reconstruction,and reduce 59％ dose in piglet model.

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioendothelioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thigh ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

Actins ; metabolism ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fasciitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Fibroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; metabolism ; pathology

Object To study the anthraquinone constituents in rhizoma and radix of Rheum sublanceolatum C Y Cheng et T C Kao Methods The constituents were isolated through column chromatography, and their structures elucidated through physicochemical and spectral analysis Results 6 anthraquinones were isolated and identified as chrysophanol (Ⅰ); physcion (Ⅱ); emodin (Ⅲ); emodin 8 O ? D glucopyranoside (Ⅳ); aloe emodin 8 O ? D glucopyranoside (Ⅴ) and citreorosein (Ⅵ) Conclusion All these compounds were isolated from R sublanceolatum for the first time

Objective To study the application value of MSCT in preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer before surgery.Methods Clinical materials of 146 patients with colonoscopy and clinical proved rectal cancer were recruited.MSCT were performed with plain and triphasic dynamic contrast enhancement before surgery.The value of MSCT was evaluated by comparing the results of pre-operative evaluation with the surgical results.Results 130 cases accepted surgical treatment:3 cases of transanal local excision,28 cases of Miles operation,3 cases of Hartmann operation,96 cases of Dixon.Preoperative evaluation of MSCT:33 cases of Miles,4 cases of Hartmann,88 cases of Dixon,5 cases of local excision of the anus.The accuracy on MSCT preoperative evaluation was 84.62%. MSCT preoperative evaluation consistency was consistent with postoperative outcome(k=0.653,χ2=225.352,P=0.000).Conclu-sion It is high accuracy for MSCT in preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer,and it can provide important significance for preopera-tive selection of surgical procedures.

Background Dry eye syndrome is a frequent postoperative complication of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Some studies reported that the hinge location of corneal flap has influence on dry eye syndrome following LASIK,but others showed inverse views.Objective This systematic review was to evaluate and compare the effects of a superior-and nasal/temporal-hinge location on dry eye syndrome after LASIK.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in the Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library and CNKI from 1990 to 2011 according to designed searching strategy and relevant words.Published randomized-controlled clinical trial (RCT) data of the effect of superior-and nasal/temporal-hinge location on dry eye syndrome were extracted by two researchers separately.The outcome parameters,such as tear film breakup time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test and corneal sensation were analyzed 1 week,3 months and 6-12 months postoperatively.The statistical analysis was performed using a RevMan 5.0 software and the quality of included literatures were graded according to the Jadad scale.Fixedeffect model was used for the inhomogeneity multiple studies (P≥0.1,homogeneity test I2 ＜50％),and random-effect model was used for the homogeneity studies.Results Ten pieces RCT papers were searched and 3 of them were rejected because of the lack of outcome data.In 7 included studies,652 eyes of 331 patients were involved in the Meta analysis,with the Jadad scores ≥ 3.BUT assessment was performed in 5 trials (530 eyes),Schirmer Ⅰ test evaluation was in 7 trials (652 eyes) and corneal sensation observation was in 4 trials (320 eyes),without significant homogeneity among the relevant literature(I2＜50％).Meta analysis revealed that BUT in the eyes with superior-hinge group was obvious shorter than that in the eyes nasal/temporal-hinge group at 1 week (WMD =-0.42,95％ CI:-0.79 to-0.06,P=0.020),but there was no signifieant difference in 3 months and 6-12 months duration postoperatively.Better corneal sensation was found at postoperative 3 months (WMD=-0.62,95％CI:-l.09 to-0.19,P=0.005) in the nasal/temporal-hinge group,but there was no difference in 1 week and 6-12 months duration postoperatively.No significant difference was seen between the two groups in Schirmer Ⅰ test during the follow-up period (P＞0.05).Conclusions LASIK with nasal/temporal-hinge corneal flap can improve the corneal sensation and relief the dry eye syndrome after LASIK to some extent.More high-quality evidence-based studies are still needed for the further clinical evaluation.

Background Nowadays,keratoplasty is widely used in the treatment of keratoconus.Deep lamellar keratoplasty(DLKP)is one of the research hotspots.However,its effacacy and safety are still concerned.Objective This paper was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic outcomes between DLKP and penetrating keratoplasty(PKP) for keratoconus.Methods The peer-reviewed and published literature was searched from PubMed database,Cochrane Library,EMBase and CNKI to identify relevant trails comparing DLKP with PKP for keratoconus.Methodological quality and Meta-analysis were carried out according to the principle of evidence-based medicine.The statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.0 software.Results Eleven studies with 2950 eyes were identified that compared the results of DLKP and PKP procedures for keratoconus directly.Of those studies reporting vision and refractive data,less patients underwent DLKP achieved a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)of≥0.5 than DLKP(RR=0.91,95％ CI:0.84-0.99,P=0.030) ;patients with DALK had severer myopia that those with PKP(RR =-0.60,95％ CI:-1.43-0.23,P =0.150),but the astigmatism was comparative (WMD =0.21,95％ CI:-0.48-0.91,P =0.550).Endothelial cell density values were higher in the DLKP group and the differences were significant.Endothelial immune graft rejection did not occur after DALK,and PKP had a higher overall graft rejection rate than DLKP(RR=0.06,95％ CI:0.01-0.31,P=0.001).Conclusions According to the available data,PKP can imporve the BCVA and refractive results,but DLKP can avoid the risk of endothelial rejection and reduce the risk of late endothelial failure for keratconus.