OBJECTIVE: To develop a HPLC method for the determination of the concentration of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid in rat urine and to observe the excretion of three compounds in rats. METHODS: Rat urine samples, collected at different intervals after vein injection of Dengzhanxixin injection traditional Chinese medicines, added with protocatechuic aldehyde as internal standard, handled by ethyl acetate, then were measured by HPLC. RESULTS: The recoveries of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid were about 95%-98%, 90%-95%, 95%-97%, respectively. The cumulative excretions of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid in urine within 60 h were (70.97 ± 7.31)%, (87.62 ± 12.23)% and (9.87 ± 2.63)%. Relative standard deviation(RSD) of intra- and inter-day assay was less than 10%. CONCLUSION: The established method is simple, accurate and specific. It can be successfully used for the analysis of three compounds in rat urine.

With the public hospitals expanding,the nurses at age of marriage or bearing are enrolled and account for large part of all health care workers in China.A significant percentage of nurses in the period of pregnancy or lactation,especially abortion and sterility,deteriorate the shortage of nursing human resources and the nurses' health.It is essential to cope with the matter in order to maintain the nurses and contribute to the professional development.In this paper,we review the human resource management of the nurses during the periods at home and abroad from the human resources,occupational protection and management approaches,which is contributed to supplement the human resource.

A review of studies on the influence of impurities on protein crystallization is given.The possible sources of impurities and its effect on the protein crystallization are presented.The effects of impurities on protein crystallization,including nucleation,macroscopic morphologies,microscopic surface morphologies,growth rates,kinetics,quality,and repartitioning of impurities are reviewed.

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Cysts ; complications ; Torsion Abnormality

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of VEGF signaling pathway in colon cancer patients and the effect of schisandrin B on SW620 cells and to analyze its possible mechanism. METHODS: The protein expression of VEGFA, VEGF-R2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt in human cancerous colon samples and adjacent normal samples were detected by Western blotting. The proliferation of SW620 cells was detected by CCK-8 method. The mRNA expression of VEGFA, VEGF-R2, PI3K and Akt in SW620 cells were detected by real-time PCR. The protein expression of VEGFA, VEGF-R2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt in SW620 cells were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: The protein expression of VEGF-R2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt in human cancerous colon samples was significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal samples(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, schisandrin B could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells, the mRNA expression of VEGFA, VEGF-R2, PI3K and Akt(P<0.01) and the protein expression of VEGFA, VEGF-R2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt(P<0.05) in SW620 cells also were significantly decreased by schisandrin B. CONCLUSION: The VEGF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is activated in colon cancer patients. Schisandrin B could inhibit the activity and migration of SW620 cells and inhibit the VEGF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

In order to construct a eukaryotic co-expression plasmid containing membrane-anchored Sjcl4FABP and Sjc26GST genes and identify their expression in vitro, Sj14 and Sj26 genes were obtained by RT-PCR with total RNA of Schistosoma japonicum adult worms as the template and cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAC to construct recombinant plasmids pVAC-Sj14 and pVAC-Sj26. Then a 23 amino-acid signal peptide of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) upstream Sj14 or Sj26 gene and a membrane-anchored sequence containing 32 amino-acids of carboxyl-terminal of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) downstream were amplified by PCR as the template of plasmid pVAC-Sj14 or pVAC-Sj26 only to get two gene fragments including Sj14 gene and Sj26 gene. The two modified genes were altogether cloned into a eukaryotic co-expression plasmid pIRES, resulting in another new recombinant plasmid pIRES-Sj26-Sj14. The expression of Sj14 and Sj26 genes was detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescent assays (IFA) when the plasmid pIRES-Sj26-Sj14 was transfected into eukaryotic Hela cells. Restriction enzyme analysis, PCR and sequencing results revealed that the recombinant plasmids pVAC-Sj14, pVAC-Sj26 and plRES-Sj26-Sj14 were successfully constructed and the expression of modified Sj14 and Sj26 genes could be detected by RT-PCR and IFA. A bivalent membrane-anchored DNA vaccine encoding Sj14 and Sj26 genes was acquired and expressed proteins were proved to be mostly anchored in cellular membranes.

Objective To study the method and effectiveness of interruption of mother-to-child transmis-sion among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. Methods Clinical information of 110 cases of HIV-infected pregnant women who gave birth in the eighth municipal hospital of Guangzhou from June 2009 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Measures such as antiviral treatment , elective caesarean and artificial feeding were taken to interupt mother-to-child transmission , differences in pregnancy outcomes bewteen CD4 t-lymphocyte count > 200/μL and < 200/μL groups were compared , and whether the baby had HIV antibodies after 18 months of age was tested. Results Among 110 cases of HIV-infected pregnant women , 102 cases ac-cepted drugs block, the blocking rate was 92.72%, 106 cases accepted elective caesarean, the block rate was 96.36%, all of the 112 cases of newborns accepted artificial feeding , the block rate was 100%. The cases were divided into two groups according to CD4T lymphoma count: group 1 [ > 200 /μL ( 84 cases ) ] and group 2 [< 200/μL group (26 cases)]. In group 1, the rate of anemia, preterm and postpartum hemorrhage was lower than that of group 2; the rate of low birth weight and FGR was obviously lower than that of group 2. There was statisticsly significantly difference between the two groups. 112 infants were all aged 18 months , among those we regularly followed up 88 cases (78.58%) and no infants were HIV-infected. Conclusion Interruptions of moth-er-to-child transmission of HIV are important measures to control AIDS epidemic among children.

Objective To reveal the self-management status of patients with hypertension in community, and to analyze the influencing factors of self-management behavior so as to provide theoretical basis for the formation and maintenance of self-management. Methods With the method of stratified random cluster sampling, 559 patients with hypertension were selected from twelve communities in six urban districts of Wuhan completed the questionnaire survey to analyze the demographic characteristics, executive condition of self-management behavior and related psychological behavior with hypertension patients. Results The average age was (61.2 ± 8.4) years. The rate of measuring blood pressure regularly was 38.39%, rate of regular medication was 63.83%, rate of low salt diet was 37.72%, and the rate of regular exercise was 50.45%. The score of self-management was 0.60 ± 0.21. Self efficacy was the influencing factor of self-management score (β=0.042 1,P<0.01). Conclusion Self assessed efficacy is closely related to self-management. Intervention should be guided by psychological behavior theory, and emphasized on psychological aspect.

Objective To evaluate the activation of the visual cortex in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) and to explore whether the neuronal activity corresponds with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cup-to-disc (C/D) values.Methods Twenty-five patients and 25 gender-and agematched healthy volunteers were studied.Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and three-dimensional brain volume imaging (3 D BRAVO) sequences were obtained using 3 T MR imaging system.A full-screen black-white shift checkerboard was used for visual stimulus during the fMRI experiment and was performed on each eye of all subjects using a visual-acoustical system.All acquired data were postprocessed and analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM).After analysis,individual activated mapping,intra-group mean activated mapping,and inter-group variant mapping were observed.The voxel number,intensity,and Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate of the activated clusters were recorded.The Xjviewer software was utilized to obtain activated voxel numbers in occipital lobe.A Pearson correlated test was performed to test the correlation between the number of activated voxels and RNFL,C/D and Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish (HAP) clinical stage.Results Intra-group mean activated mappings of both patients and volunteers showed obvious activation in bilateral occipital lobes.As compared with healthy volunteers,the POAG patients exhibited statistically significantly decreased activation in bilateral occipital lobes,left hippocampus,and left cerebellum,along with lower mean RNFL [(71.56 ±21.54) i m versus (111.88 ± 9.96) μm] and higher C/D values (0.71 ± 0.18 versus 0.36 ± 0.08 ; t value was respectively-10.901 and 11.643,P ＜ 0.05).The number of activated voxels in the occipital lobes of POAG patients did not correlate with RNFL,C/D and HAP clinical stage of the corresponding eye (r value was respectively 0.157,-0.113 and-0.242,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions fMRI demonstrated differences in visual cortex activation in POAG patients relative to healthy volunteers,suggesting it might be a promising complementary method for diagnosing glaucoma.However,fMRI findings did not correlate with POAG extent,as measured by RNFL and C/D values.Ophthalmological examination remains to play an important role in the evaluation of open-angle glaucoma.

Objective:To explore the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the pathogenesis of multiple my-eloma (MM), in order to provide an epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of MM. Methods:Clinical and epidemi-ological data of 185 MM patients and 182 non-tumorous patients were collected. Subjects were randomly selected from in-patients who were homeochronously admitted to the same five grade-III A hospitals, including Xi'an Central Hospital, Shaanxi People's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xibei Hospital, and so on. MM patients were selected in terms of age and gender. Peripheral blood HBsAg was assayed by ELISA. If HBsAg was negative, the S and C-gene fragments of HBV DNA were tested using nested PCR . Fisher's ex-act test orχ2 test (SPSS statistical software) was used to compare the differences between the groups. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between the pathogenesis of MM and HBV infection. Results:In MM patients, the HBsAg positive rate was 8.11% (15/185), the occult HBV infection (OBI) positive rate was 3.53% (6/170), and the total HBV infection rate was 11.35% (21/185). For the control group, the HBsAg positive rate was 4.40%(8/182), the OBI positive rate was 0.57%(1/174), and the total HBV in-fection rate was 4.95%(9/182). No statistical difference in HBsAg or OBI positive rate was found between the two groups (P>0.05). However, MM patients showed significantly higher total HBV infection rate than that of the controls [χ2=5.02, P<0.05;OR was 2.46 (95%CI:1.10-5.53, P<0.05)]. Additionally, the proportion of ISS stage III was significantly higher in MM patients with HBV infection than in uninfected MM patients (85.71%vs. 60.37%,χ2=5.15, P<0.05). Patients with HBV infection showed reduced albumin level (χ2=5.60, P<0.05) and aκ/λlight chain ratio (P<0.05) compared with uninfected patients. Conclusion:The risk of MM pathogenesis after HBV infection is significantly increased as OBI is included in the analyses. Furthermore, MM patients with HBV infection will develop more severe liver damage, indicating that OBI in MM patients with negative HBsAg should be screened before chemotherapy to pre-vent HBV reactivation.