Objecfive To identify what factors contribute to the occurrence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head after pediatric femoral neck fractures. Methods A series of 33 pediatric femoral neck fractures who had been admitted to our institution between June 1994 and April 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 1 case of type Ⅰ,15 type Ⅱ,14 type Ⅲ and 2 type IV according to Delbet classification. The mean age at injury was 10.7(3.7 to 14.1) years, and the mean follow-up was 3.4(1 to 12.2)years. All patients were followed up until union was achieved. AVN occurred in 16 cases, including 8 cases of Ratliff type Ⅰ,3 of Ratliff type Ⅱ,4 of Ratliff type Ⅲ and 1 unclassified. Age at injury, fracture type, degree of displacement, quality of reduction and type of fixation were calculated and analyzed with respect to AVN. Results AVN occurred in 4 cases (36.4%)under 10 years old and in 12 cases (54.5%)10 years old or more. Eight cases (53.3%)of AVN occurred in Delbet type Ⅱ and 6 cases (42.9%) of AVN occurred in type Ⅲ.One case (25.0%)of AVN occurred in non-displaced group and 14 cases(53.8%)in displaced group. Ten cases(50.O%)of AVN occurred in the group whose reduction quality was satisfactory and 6 cases(66.7%)in unsatisfactory reduction group. Thirteen cases (48.1%)of AVN occurred in the unstable fixation group and 2 cases (50.0%)in the stable fixation group. Conclusion Fracture type, degree of displacement, quality of reduction and age at injury can affect the occurrence of AVN of the femoral head after pediatric femoral neck fractures.

Objective To investigate the value of Cytochrome P450 (CYP3A5) * 3 gene polymorphism in providing individualized administration for the use of tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplantation recipients.Method Pyrophosphate sequencing method was used to determine the CYP3A5 * 3 genotype of renal transplant patients in the first day after surgery.Sixty recipients were divided into experiment group and control group.Both groups of patients were routinely given the initial dose of Tac-4.0 mg/day in the first day after surgery.The experiment group of patients were given different doses of Tac based on the different CYP3A5 * 3 genotypes at the third day after surgery [for AA:0.12 mg/(kg· day),and for GG:0.06 mg/(kg· day)],and the control group of patients were given different dosages of Tac according to drug concentration.Different parameters were compared between two groups of patients:percentage of patients reaching the target concentration (3-8 μg/L) at the fifth day after surgery,days required to reach the target concentration level,times needed to adjust the dosage of Tac within two weeks.Result The percentage of patients reaching the target concentration in experiment group and control group was 90％ and 46.67％,respectively (P＜ 0.05).Days required to reach the target concentration were (3.67 ± 1.32) and (7.57 ± 3.42) on average,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Times of adjusting the Tac dose in experiment group was significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05).In the experiment group,the target concentration was obtained even without dosage adjustment (70％).Conclusion Individualized adjustment of Tac doses for patients according to recipients' different CYP3A5 * 3 genotypes is beneficial for reaching target concentration as soon as possible,which is superior to traditional dosage regimen.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of curcumin(CUR)or dexamethasone (DXM)on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)of rat lung grafts.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided 4 groups:CUR group(CUR was administered intraperitoneally to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);DXM group(DXM was administered intraperitoneally at 30 min prior to operation);vehicle group(Animals were injected with the DMSO to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);sham group(Time-matched control animals underwent the same surgery,except that no graft was implanted).Six animals were sacrificed at different reperfusion periods of 2 h and 24 h,respectively.Oxygenation indexes(PO_2/FiO_2),lung injury scores,wet/dry ratio(W/D)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in the transplanted lung were measured.Malondialdehyde(MDA), total anti-oxidative capacity(TAOC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?and interleukin(IL)-6 in the transplanted lung and serum were determined.Results The levels of LPV PO_2/FiO_2 were significant- ly higher in the CUR and DXM groups than in the vehicle groups both 2 and 24 h after reperfusion,re- spectively(P

Objective To evaluate the value of CYRTA21-1,CEA and SPECT in diagnosis of bone metastasis in lung cancer.Methods 216 patients with lung cancer were examined by radionuclide bone imaging and serum CYFRA21-1,CEA.20 patients with benign lung disease were also studied.Results 121 of the 216 lung cancer patients were confirmed bone metastasis including 101 multi-metastasis and 20 singu- lar-metastasis. The positive rate was 56.02 %.The serum CYFR21-1,CEA level and positive rate of lung cancer patients with bone metastasis were obviously higher than those of patients without bone metastasis or with benign lung disease.The level of serum CYFR21-1,CEA had significant difference(P

Objective To analyze the causes of time consumption in CT enhancement scanning (CTES) and CT angiography (CTA) examinations in order to optimize the procedures, and help to save time and medical costs for patients. Methods A total of 2328 outpatients and 1402 inpatients to take CTES and CTA examinations were randomly selected as the normal control group, and another 2085 outpatients and 793 inpatients who underwent the optimized procedures were randomly selected as the experimental group. The problems of time consumption and patients'satisfaction degree were analyzed. Results The major causes for time consumption in CTES and CTA examinations included taking wrong contrast medicine, forgetting to take contrast medicine, having no auxiliary examination results, waiting in the wrong line, and opening the cap of contrast medicine. The time spent for checkup for inpatients and outpatients in the control and experimental groups was (119.8±15.6) minutes and (31.5±8.6 ) minutes vs (55.2 ± 10.6) minutes and (8.4 ±2.1) minutes. The satisfaction degree of inpatients and outpatients in the control and experimental groups were 90.16%(1264/1402) and 88.66%(2064/2328) vs 98.49%(781/793) and 97.94%(2042/2085). The experimental group spent shorter time and had higher satisfaction degree than those in the control group, and the differences were statistical significantly, tinpatient=34.96, P<0.01, toutpatient=12.03, P<0.01;χ2inpatient=55.20, P<0.01,χ2outpatient=146.27, P<0.01. Conclusions After the procedures of CTES and CTA examinations are optimized, the checkup time is significantly shortened, and patients' satisfaction degree is remarkably improved.

To develop a core-shell structure pDNA-CaPi-PLGA nanoparticles (CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs), calcium phosphate-pDNA nano complexes (CaPi-pDNA) were encapsulated inside of PLGA shells. The characteristics of the nanoparticles, including morphology, average particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, stability in medium, pDNA protection ability from nuclease degradation, in vitro release, cytotoxicity and cell transfection were investigated and compared with the embedded structured CaPi modified PLGA nanoparticles (embedded-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs). The results showed that the obtained CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs were spherical in shape with an average particle size of (155 +/- 4.5) nm, zeta potentials of (-0.38 +/- 0.1) mV, entrapment efficiency of (80.56 +/- 2.5)% and loading efficiency of (1.16 +/- 0.04)%. The CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs were stable in the release media and could protect pDNA against nuclease degradation. And they also exhibited sustained release of pDNA in vitro. The highest gene transfection efficiency of the CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs in vitro reached (24.66 +/- 0.46)% (after 72 h transfection), which was significantly higher than that of free pDNA [(0.33 +/- 0.04)%, P < 0.01] and the pDNA-PLGA-NPs [(1.5 +/- 0.07)%, P < 0.01]. Besides, the transfection lasted for longer time than that of embedded-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs and the cytotoxicity of it was significantly lower than that of PEI (P < 0.01). These results indicate that CS-pDNA-CaPi-PLGA-NPs are a promising non-viral gene vector. Key words: gene delivery system; polylactic-co-glycolic acid; calcium phosphate; nanoparticle

Purpose To investigate the influence on shear wave velocity (SWV) by different probe frequency, scanline angle and ROI depth. Materials and Methods The elasticity QA Phantoms was used in the study. First the SWV was measured by curve probe at depths of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm and 8 cm. The scanline angle changed from 0°from midline, 1°-15°, 16°-30°and 31°-45°. Then the SWV was measured again by using line probe at depths of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm. The measured data were analyzed statistically. Results The SWV showed difference by using the two probes (P<0.05). As depth increased, the measurement by curve probe changed from overestimate to underestimate, while the measurement by line probe always showed underestimate from standard value. When the curve probe was used, the angle and depth affected SWV interactively (F=85.87 and 35.96, P<0.01), and had interactive effects (F=17.63, P<0.01). When the scanline angle was within 15°, the angle had little inlfuence upon the measurement. When the scanline angle was 0 °, the measurement was the closest to the standard value at the depth of 4 cm, and the maximum deviation occurred at the depth of 5 cm. The inlfuence of depth upon measurement had signiifcant difference when the line probe was used (P<0.05). The measurement was the closest to the standard value at the depth of 1 cm, and the maximum deviation occurred at the depth of 4 cm. Conclusion Factors like probe frequency, scanline angle and ROI depth can affect the SWV. When the curve probe is used, the accurate measurement occurs at the depth of 4 cm when the scanline angle is within 15°. When the line probe is used, the accurate measurement occurs at the depth of 1 cm.

Objective To study the changes of resistin, blood fat and hepatic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the content of resistin in peripheral blood. Radio immunoassay was used to determine the content of insulin . Oxydase or chemical method was used to determine blood sugar,and automatic analytical instrument was used to determine blood sugar, blood fat and hepatic function. Results Blood-fasting sugars in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (8.85?3.21 mmol/L) increased significantly (P0.05). Conclusion Disorders of internal environment exist in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Contents of resistin, ALB, and blood fat are higher in the patients than those in the controls.

Objective To investigate the combination effect using iron chelators deferasirox and cisplatin on A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis and to provide evidences to explore an effective way to treat lung cancer. Methods Lung adeno?carcinoma cells were cultured by conventional way, with administration of different concentrations of deferasirox and cisplat?in. Cell growth inhibition was observed under an inverted microscope. Proliferation inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay. Morphological changes of cell apoptosis was detected using DAPI,AO/EB straning and flow cytometry. Results After a cer?tain time of incubation with different concentrations of the combined drugs,the cell number reduce significantly, which was counted under invert microscope. Cells were dispersed with each other and adherent cells appear shrunken and poor in re?fractivity. MTT assay showed that inhibition of cell proliferation was in a concentration-time-dependent manner. Chromatin condensation, nuclear condensation and other typical apoptotic morphology were detected after DAPI and AO/EB straning. Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis increased with rising drug concentration. So combination therapy was significantly pro-apoptotic. Conclusion Deferasirox has the ability to inhibit proliferation of A549 cells and can promote tumor cell apoptosis and enhances cancer cell tolerance when combined with cisplatin. It can also reduce the amount and toxicity of cis?platin. It provides a basis for finding an effective way to treat lung cancer.

Objective:To explore the influence of low-iodine diet on the expression of homeobox gene NKX-2.2 in rat cerebrum tissue,and to explain the possible molecular mechanism of cerebrum development retardation caused by low-iodine.Methods:Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:Low-iodine group and control group,both fed with low-iodine feed,given the deionized water and KIO3 solution respectively,they were drawn from the 16-day pregnancy,new-born and 20th days old low-iodine and normal age offspring after three months,and detect the content of NKX-2.2 mRNA in the cerebrum tissue by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR techniques.Results:The thyroid hormone levels of low-iodine group in serum were significantly lower than the control group(P