Systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of autoimmtne disease which may lead to multisystem involvement,with high mortality.As is well known,the prognosis of children is worse than that of adults.Many factors such as genetic factor,environmental factor and the self factors affect the survival of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.In order to improve the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis,this article reviews the recent research of the main factors affecting the prognosis of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To study the audiometry and otoacoustic emissions in patients with posterior circulation ischemia(PCI) .Methods Forty patients treated by neurologists were selected as the experimental group who re_ceived pure tone audiometry ,tympanometry ,otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and distortion products otoacoustic emis_sions (DPOAE) examinations .Thirty healthy objects were chosen as the control group .The data from the PCI groups and the control group were compared using the SPSS 14 .0 software .ResuIts The difference in pure tone thresholds across 125 to 8 000 Hz between the PCI group and the control group was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .In the PCI patients ,the prevalence of TEOAE was only 47 .5% ,significantly different from that of in the control group .The prevalence of DPOAE at 0 .5~8 kHz were between 57 .9% ~77 .6% in PCI patients ,and the amplitudes of DPOAE were reduced significantly (P<0 .05) .ConcIusion Cochlear damages can occur to patients with PCI ,especially in the high frequency range .These results suggest that OAE can be used as an important diag_nostic test for patients with PCI ,and might be helpful for the location diagnosis of PCI .

AIM:To investigate the validity of Rorschach inkblot method (RIM) in personality research by calculating the correlation of RIM with 16 personality factor questionnaire (16 PF).METHODS: Totally 70 undergraduates participated in the examination with RIM and 16 PF, then the correlations of all the variables of two measuring techniques were calculated. Standard score of comprehensive system was used in RIM.RESULTS: Some important Rorschach variables were correlated significantly with 16PF factors, and the correlations are consistent with their meaning. Some variables correlated with 16PF factors but were irrelevant in meaning.CONCLUSION: The results support the validity of RIM in personality study, and they also demonstrate that comprehensive system cannot well annotate RIM, but the meaning of some variables should be further researched.

BACKGROUND: Item response theory (IRT) is widely used in the westem world, but its use for non-cognitive measurement has been very limited in China. It is necessary to explore whether IRT is applicable in non-cognitive settings and find the optimal model.OBJECTIVE: To find the optimal IRT model for self-report questionnaire analysis with the instance of emotional competence scale (ECS) and compare the effectiveness of different models in light of model data fitting and the volume of information provision.DESIGN: A comparative study of different psychometric models tested with the same data set.SETTING: Shandong Laiwu Vocational and Technical College; Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 617 college students of Shandong Normal University (311 males and 306 females)and 564 senior high school students of the 17 Laiwu High School (283 males and 281females) participated in the study during May 2004.METHODS: Emotional competence scale (ECS) was adopted for psychometric measurement for 5-point Likert-type items. The scale was divided into 9 subscales, namely impulse control, empathy, persistency, interpersonal intimacy, social skills, emotional regulation, emotional stability, sense of responsibility, and self-confidence. One-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter logistic model and grade response model were used for analysis of the 9 subscales, followed by goodness of fit test (analogous to Chi-square test) and comparison of the measurement precision (reliability)of the three models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Log-likelihood ratio, average χ2 statistics and average volume of information when one-parameter, two-parameter and three-parameter Logistic model.RESULTS: Totally 1 220 questionnaires were handed out and 1 181 with valid answers were obtained. Comparison of the 3 logistic model showed that the two-parameter logistic model had the least log-likelihood with the least items whose mean square residual error were greater than 2, and the volume of test information was greater than that provided by one-parameter model and no less than the three-parameter model. Therefore, the two-parameter logistic model was the best for 2-point scoring model. But the measurement precision of two-parameter Logistic model was lower than that of multi-grade response model.CONCLUSION: When 2-point items are adopted in self-report questionnaire, 2-parameter logistic model can be applied but not 1- or 3-parameter Logistic models. But when the questionnaire uses items that have more than 2 response grades, the measurement precision can be better than that of 2-point data. Merge of the options for the items may result in lowered measurement precision.

Motor cortex electrical stimulation was first used in the clinical treatment of central pain in 1989.Recently,this technique has been used to treat post-stroke movement disorders and better efficacy has also been obtained.Its mechanisms may include regulating cortex-basal ganglia circuits,exciting the activation of the motor cortex on the affected side but inhibiting the activation of the motor cortex on the contralateral side.regulating the plasticity of brain and resynchronization of electric activity.This article reviews the possible mechanisms,operative methods.clinical efficacy and existing problems.

Objective To explore whether PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway participates in the inhibiting effect of Ru-tin on H2 O2-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells( HLEC). Methods HLEC were divided into four groups: control group,H2 O2 group,rutin group,LY294002 group. Cell survival rates were determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell apoptosis rates were monitored by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and propidiun iodide(PI) staining. Western blot was used to measure the expres-sion levels of AKT and p-AKT. Results H2 O2 induced HLEC apoptosis. Compared with H2 O2 group,rutin group not only increased the expression lever of p-AKT,but also reduced cell apoptosis rate(P < 0. 01). In LY294002 group, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway,could significantly block the change of these inde-xes produced by rutin group(P < 0. 01), but no significant change compared with H2 O2 group. Conclusion Rutin inhibits H2 O2-induced cell apoptosis and may be associated with PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To compare the effect of inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast in children with asthma .Methods Data were obtained from Pubmed ,Embase and Central databases ,CNKI and VIP .Only randomized controlled trials (RCT ) that evalua-ting inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast for children were included .The Cochrane collaboration risk bias tools was used to eval-uated the quality of literature .Results The patients with inhaled corticosteroids had a better effect in FEV 1% and PEF than pa-tients with montelukast ,the incidences of adverse drug reactions had no statistically significant difference .The patients with inhaled corticosteroids combined with montelukast had a better effect in FEV 1% or PEF than patients with inhaled corticosteroids only . Conclusion The effect of inhaled corticosteroids is better than montelukast ,the effect of inhaled corticosteroids combined with montelukast is better than inhaled corticosteroids only ,and has drug safety .

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; nursing ; therapy ; Trimethyltin Compounds ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the intentions of pension mode of the aged in the unban and rural of Xi' an,and analyze the possible influential factors in old persons' choices of pension modes.Methods The purposive sampling method was used to survey the old persons about their pension intentions by questionnaire,and the collected information underwent statistical analysis.Results Among 317 old persons aged from 60to 91 years old investigated in the study,145 cases were from urban and 172 from rural area.Most old people intended to choose self-pension mode,family pension mode and community pension mode.Only few people chose institution pension mode.Their favorite pension mode was family pension mode,and institution pension mode was the last one to choose for old people.Community pension mode should be developed mostly in their opinion,and self-pension mode must be reduced.Some essential variables had significant influence on their choices of pension models,such as living in urban or rural,occupation,age,marriage,the incomes per month,family support,habitancy and so on.The result of logistic analysis showed that some other variables had no obvious influence on their pension intentions.Conclusions Old people in Xi'an prefer family pension mode mostly.Community pension mode is the one which has a good developing prospect.Social pension mode need to be intensified.

As an important transmembrane protein in brain microvascular endothelial cells tight junction, occludin plays important roles in regulating and maintaining blood-brain barrier permeability. Its abnormal expression can increase blood-brain barrier permeability. In order to provide some theoretical supports for the roles of studying occludin intensively in the mechanisms of blood-brain barrier permeability-related diseases and targets for pharmacological intervention, this article reviews the roles of occludin in the molecular composition and functional maintenance of blood-brain barrier tight junction, as well as the changes of cerebral microvascular permeability during hypoxia.