Objective To compare the effect of inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast in children with asthma .Methods Data were obtained from Pubmed ,Embase and Central databases ,CNKI and VIP .Only randomized controlled trials (RCT ) that evalua-ting inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast for children were included .The Cochrane collaboration risk bias tools was used to eval-uated the quality of literature .Results The patients with inhaled corticosteroids had a better effect in FEV 1% and PEF than pa-tients with montelukast ,the incidences of adverse drug reactions had no statistically significant difference .The patients with inhaled corticosteroids combined with montelukast had a better effect in FEV 1% or PEF than patients with inhaled corticosteroids only . Conclusion The effect of inhaled corticosteroids is better than montelukast ,the effect of inhaled corticosteroids combined with montelukast is better than inhaled corticosteroids only ,and has drug safety .

Objective To optimize antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter patient different duration,improve the success rate and safety of cardioversion.Methods Make a retrospective analysis of 180 atrial flutter and 180 atrial fibrillation patients data,which were divided into group ibutilide,propafenone group and amiodarone group,Each group were further divided into duration ≤ 3d ＞ 3d,n =30,cardioversion rate was compared after 1.5h,and aralyzed by SPSS16.0.Results Atrial flutter cardioversion rate of ibutilide group ≤3d and 3d was 90％ and 83.33％ ;propafenone≤3d and 3d were 76.67％ and 36.67％,amineamiodarone were 73.33％ and 33.33％,cardioversion rate of three groups had no significant difference when atrial flutter duration ≤3d,P ＞ 0.05 ;Ibutilide cardioversion was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone when atrial flutter duration ＞ 3d,P ＜0.05 ;atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate of ibutilide group≤3d and 3d was 80％ and 73.33％ ;propafenone≤3d and 3d were 43.33％ and 26.67％,amineamiodarone were 50％ and 36.67％,Ibutilide cardioversion was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone when atrial flutter duration ≤3d,P ＜ 0.05; Ibutilide cardioversion was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone when atrial flutter duration ＞ 3d,P ＜0.05 ;the atrial flutter,atrial fibrillation total cardioversion rate of three groups were 81.67％,45.83％,48.33％,ibutilide was significantly higher than propafenone,amiodarone (P ＜ 0.05 ) ;the atrial fluttercardioversion of ibutilide was significantly higher than the atrial fibrillation rate( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion For the duration of ≤ 3d patients,atrial flutter cardioversion rate of ibutilide.oropafenone,and amiodarone did not differ significantly,but the atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate of ibutilide was significantly higher;For the duration of＞ 3d patients,the atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate of Ibutilide were higher than propafenone and amiodarone,when choose ibutilide,propafenone,or amiodarone for treating atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation according to individual arrhythmia.

Objective To investigate the intentions of pension mode of the aged in the unban and rural of Xi' an,and analyze the possible influential factors in old persons' choices of pension modes.Methods The purposive sampling method was used to survey the old persons about their pension intentions by questionnaire,and the collected information underwent statistical analysis.Results Among 317 old persons aged from 60to 91 years old investigated in the study,145 cases were from urban and 172 from rural area.Most old people intended to choose self-pension mode,family pension mode and community pension mode.Only few people chose institution pension mode.Their favorite pension mode was family pension mode,and institution pension mode was the last one to choose for old people.Community pension mode should be developed mostly in their opinion,and self-pension mode must be reduced.Some essential variables had significant influence on their choices of pension models,such as living in urban or rural,occupation,age,marriage,the incomes per month,family support,habitancy and so on.The result of logistic analysis showed that some other variables had no obvious influence on their pension intentions.Conclusions Old people in Xi'an prefer family pension mode mostly.Community pension mode is the one which has a good developing prospect.Social pension mode need to be intensified.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a kind of autoimmtne disease which may lead to multisystem involvement,with high mortality.As is well known,the prognosis of children is worse than that of adults.Many factors such as genetic factor,environmental factor and the self factors affect the survival of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.In order to improve the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis,this article reviews the recent research of the main factors affecting the prognosis of children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of bacterial endotoxin in Puerarin and Glucose injection.METHODS:The kinetic-turbidimetric technique was adopted to dilute the puerarin glucose injection by2-fold,in which,the contents of bacterial endotoxin was determinated by preliminary interference test and interference test.RESULTS:Diluting the sample by2-fold could effectively eliminate its interference to tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL).The average recovery rate was at the range of50%～200%.CONCLUSLON:Compared with the pyrogen rabbit de-termination method and the half-quantity gel method,the kinetic-turbidimetic technique has many merits such as high de-termination sensitivity,short cycle,accurate result and better reproduction quality,etc.

Objective To explore the role of rescue video logical slice and interactive analysis in the continuous improvement of quality of emergency care of multiple injury. Methods To establish a management team for the rescue video interactive analysis. From May, 2015 to April, 2016, every Wednesday from 8:00-11:00 am, the data of multi-injury patients registered in our management software of critical emergency cases were selected. A typical case study of the rescue video logical slices were processed through sorting the video cases in the video surveillance system installed in the emergency room. According to the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of multiple injury, the evaluation indexes of nursing quality in emergency treatment of multiple injury were formulated and video data was analyzed interactively by using the failure mode analysis and root cause analysis. Based on the above analyzed results, the quality of emergency care of Multiple Injury was controlled and improved. Before and after performing the rescue video logic slices and interactive analysis management, the examined results of multiple injury first-aid nursing quality index, as well as the rate of patients satisfaction and nursing defects were compared. Results Before the implementation of the above method, the time of emergency treatment for multiple injury, the rate of patients with successful rescue, the rate of patient transport defect and the rate of missing items in the rescue unit were respectively as follows:(87.1±7.4)min, 90.77%(59/65), 30.77%(20/65), 12.31%(8/65),whereas after the implementation, the relevant data were (57.5 ± 5.2) min, 100.00%(68/68), 10.29%(7/68), 2.94%(2/68). The comparative difference before and after the implementation was statistically significant (t=26.84, χ2=2.15, 2.72, 1.72, all P < 0.05). Besides, the satisfaction with the various evaluations of patients′ family members was increased and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=15.45-23.21, P<0.05). Conclusions The introduction of rescue video slices and interactive analysis can effectively reduce the patient′s rescue time, improve the success rate of patients rescues, decrease the rate of patient transport defect and missing items in the rescue unit, effectively control the quality of links, improve the management efficiency, and thus realize the standardized management under normal working condition.

Objective To explore whether PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway participates in the inhibiting effect of Ru-tin on H2 O2-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells( HLEC). Methods HLEC were divided into four groups: control group,H2 O2 group,rutin group,LY294002 group. Cell survival rates were determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell apoptosis rates were monitored by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and propidiun iodide(PI) staining. Western blot was used to measure the expres-sion levels of AKT and p-AKT. Results H2 O2 induced HLEC apoptosis. Compared with H2 O2 group,rutin group not only increased the expression lever of p-AKT,but also reduced cell apoptosis rate(P < 0. 01). In LY294002 group, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway,could significantly block the change of these inde-xes produced by rutin group(P < 0. 01), but no significant change compared with H2 O2 group. Conclusion Rutin inhibits H2 O2-induced cell apoptosis and may be associated with PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To study the audiometry and otoacoustic emissions in patients with posterior circulation ischemia(PCI) .Methods Forty patients treated by neurologists were selected as the experimental group who re_ceived pure tone audiometry ,tympanometry ,otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and distortion products otoacoustic emis_sions (DPOAE) examinations .Thirty healthy objects were chosen as the control group .The data from the PCI groups and the control group were compared using the SPSS 14 .0 software .ResuIts The difference in pure tone thresholds across 125 to 8 000 Hz between the PCI group and the control group was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .In the PCI patients ,the prevalence of TEOAE was only 47 .5% ,significantly different from that of in the control group .The prevalence of DPOAE at 0 .5~8 kHz were between 57 .9% ~77 .6% in PCI patients ,and the amplitudes of DPOAE were reduced significantly (P<0 .05) .ConcIusion Cochlear damages can occur to patients with PCI ,especially in the high frequency range .These results suggest that OAE can be used as an important diag_nostic test for patients with PCI ,and might be helpful for the location diagnosis of PCI .

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; nursing ; therapy ; Trimethyltin Compounds ; poisoning ; Young Adult

The discovery of the nerve growth factor(NGF),a specific protein material,by Rita Levi-Montalcini and her colleagues(1954)led to the observation that ifNGF is added to the culture medium,sympathetic and sensory neurons grow well inculture,for it is a potent and specific maintenance factor for these two types of neu-rons.Therefore,we chose the superior cervical ganglion(SCG)as a model systemfor nerve tissue culture in order to study the development,differentiation and rege-neration of nervous tissue in vitro.This report presents what we have observed onthe cultures of SCG that have been successfully established in our laboratory bymeans of explant technique.SCG from newborn rats were explanted onto collagen or plasma-coated coverslipsand maintained in Maximow depression slide assemblies at 37℃.The fluid me-dium was replaced twice a week and consisted of 1/3 calf serum,1/3 synthetic medium199 and 1/3 Hanks' BSS,or of equal parts of calf serum and Hanks' BSS,supplementedwith 600 mg% glucose.NGF(a crude extract of mouse salivary gland)was added tothe medium in a proportion of 1:20;for control,no NGF was added to the medium in some cultures.The cultures were examined microscopically every day,Nissl's stai-ned,Bodian's protargol and ammonium silver impregnated preparations were madeperiodically.Time lapse microcinematographic records were also made.We have planted altogether 209 SCG from newborn rats.All of them grew suc-cessfully in culture with NGF or without NGF,but the SCG with NGF grew muchmore rapidly than those without NGF.NGF strongly stimulates the outgrowth ofneurites and maintains the survival of the sympathetic neurons.Neurites grew outindividually or,more frequently,as bundles extending radially toward the peripheryor forming a meshwork.The tips of elongating neurites expanded to form growthcones from which are projected long slender microspikes(filopodia).These microspi-kes continually waved about,extending,and retracting as the growth cone movedover a substratum.The behavior of the growing tip of neurite is best analyzed bytime lapse microcinematography.The Schwann cells emerged from the explant andproliferate to accompany the neurites.These cells,fusiform or filiform in shape,were usually arranged in alignment along the neurites.They could be easily distingui-shed from fihroblasts.Mitosis of Schwann cells had been observed and recorded bytime lapse microcinematography.The bodies of the sympathetic neurons did not mig-rate away from the explant.