Objective To explore the locus of control and the relationship with parenting patterns of ado-lescents with first-onset major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Patients with first-onset MDD (n= 98) and controls (n=98) were investigated by Sphere of Control Questionaire and EMBU, the results were compared and analyzed correlatively. Results The scores of the individual strength scale ( 37.47±13.66) and the relations with people scale ( 38.65±13.19 ) of patients were significantly lower(P<0.05 ) than the controls [(45.39± 12.84) and (45.90±11.20 ) each], while the scores of social-political management (39.01±10.28) were not significantly lower (P>0.05)than the controls' (39.12±9.50). The scores of patients' paternal excessive inter-ference factor(2.66±0.49) , maternal excessive protection/interference (2.79±0.55 ) and rejection/denial fac-tor(2.55±0.39) of EMBU were significantly higher(P<0.05)than controls' [(2.17±0.58),(2.17±0.49) and( 1.75±0.51 ) each]. The scores of patients' paternal affection/understanding factor were significantly posi-tively correlative with patients' scores of relations with people (r=0.27, P<0.05), maternal affection/under-standing factor was significantly positively correlative with patients' scores of individual strength (r=0.21, P <0.05) and relations with people(r=0.23, P<0.05 ) , while maternal excessive interference/excessive protection and individual strength (r=-0.24, P<0.05 ) and relations with people (r=-0.22, P<0.05), maternal rejec-tion/denial and individual strength (r=-0.26, P<0.05) were significantly negatively correlative. Conclusion Adolescents with MDD have abnormal locus of control,which might be correlative with their parenting patterns.

BACKGROUND:Dental pulp stem cel s are characterized by multi-lineage differentiation and proliferation abilities and are easy to obtain, so they are becoming an issue of concern in regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE:To provide clues and direction for further study by analyzing progress of domestic and overseas research on dental pulp stem cel s, and summarizing their application in regenerative medicine. METHODS:The“dental pulp stem cel , regenerative medicine, tissue engineering”in Chinese and English served as the search terms to search articles related to dental pulp stem cel s and regenerative medicine, published from 2000 to 2015 in Medline, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and Cqvip databases. Total y 46 articles were selected for overview. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Dental pulp stem cel s, which hold the capacity of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, are relatively easy to obtain, and exhibit a great potential in regenerative medicine. The research of dental pulp stem cel s in repairing bone defects has entered the clinical trial phase, but the research of cel differentiation into other tissues is stil in basic trial phase and needs further development.

Metformin as a cheap,safe and effective diabetes drug,has been used for many years. Recently,many studies have shown its variety inhibition of tumor cells. Its antitumor mechanism is not entirely clear;may be related to glucose metabolism and protein kinase or inflammatory cytokines mediating tumor kill-ing. Metformin has different cytotoxic effects to various tumor cell,as well as playing some auxiliary roles on other antitumor methods.

Objective To investigate the causes and features of fever of unknown origin(FUO).Methods This study enrolled 89 patients who fullfilled the criteria of FUO and were admitted in China-Japan Friendship hospital from October 2005 to May 2008.Results The final diagnosis were made in 80 cases(89.9%).Etiologies of FUO were as follows:infections,41 cases(46.1%);rheumatic disease,15 cases(16.9%);neoplasm,18 cases(20.2%)(hematological malignancy,17 cases),miscellaneous diseases 6 cases(6.7%),unknown etiology,9 cases(10.1%).Conclusion Infection is the main cause of FUO;rheumatic disease and neoplasm are also important causes of FUO.Hematological malignancy is the most common neoplasm related to FUO.Detailed history contributes greatly to FUO diagnosis.

Health law teaching exists deficiencies in training students' practical ability while moot court has obvious advantages in this area and it is feasible. Specific program can be established from the following four aspects:curriculum mode,selection of cases,teaching methods and evalua-tion system.

S-phase kinase associated protein (Skp2) assumes the high expression in the most of malignant tumors, with its occurrence, and the development and the prognosis is closely related with a latent diagnose and treat went value. This review will focus on unique feature, biology activity, the function mechanism and with malignant tumor relations of the Skp2.

There are three systems to protect the geographical indications of genuine medical materials in present China, which easily leads to the right-conflicts among several geographical indications rights. The situation is not reasonable, but is legitimate in the current legal system. So we should start from the present legislation and learn from foreign experience to resolve it step by step. To be specific, in the short term, we should strengthen propaganda and alter the existing logos to reduce the possibility of consumer confusion. Meanwhile, we should annul or revoke the registration of the improperly registered geographical indications. In the medium term, we should make some amendments to the legislation, that is, to give priorities to geographical indication products. At last, we should change the three systems into a single protection mode on the basis of the geographical indication products system.

Objective To prepare an internal quality control substance of free hemoglobin (FHb),and evaluate its perform-ance.Methods ① 5 normal whole human blood samples with known hemoglobin (Hb)concentration was selected and dilu-ted with distilled water in the ratio of 1∶500,1∶1 000,1∶2 000,1∶4 000 respectively.After 20 FHb solutions was fully mixed,the concentration of FHb solutions was tested and compared with its theoretical data.②One of the highest value and the lowest value solutions were chosen as qualitye control substance,packed and stored in -20℃ fridge.Each group was an-alyzed 20 days continuously in the routine conditions,where average (-x )of the groups,standards deviation (s )and coeffi-cients of variation (CV)were calculated and Levey-Jennings control chart was conducted.Then,the test was repeated every week,and the data on the chart was updated accordingly until (CV)of the reagents were changed.The average (-x)of the-groups,standards deviation (s)and coefficients of variation uality control material was calculated during the whole test peri-od.Results ①The theoretical value (-x ±s)of the concentration of free hemoglobin was 125.44±93.04 mg/L,and the actu-al value was 125.22±93.08 mg/L,there was no statistic significance (t value was 0.706,P >0.05).② During 20 continu-ously daystest,the detected values (-x ±s)of the highest quality control material was 303.55±3.70 mg/L;the values of the lowest quality control material was 69.29 ± 1.88 mg/L.The coefficients were 1.22% and 2.68% respectively.Both the highest and the lowest quality control material were under control during the whole detecting period.The (-x ±s )values of the highest was 302.56±3.99 mg/L,the CV value of it was 1.32%;The (-x ±s)values of the lowest was 69.04±1.88 mg/L,the CV value of it was 2.71%.Conclusion The preparation method of internal quality control substance of free hemoglo-bin is convenient and stable,and was applicable in blood station’s and clinical laboratory.

Objective To investigate the effects of substance P (SP) pretreatment on the expression of β1-adrenoreceptor(β1-R) induced by norepinephrine (NE) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyecytes.Methods The cardiomyocytes obtained from 1-3 day old SD rats were cultured for 72 h.The experiment was performed in 2 parts.In part 1 the cells were seeded in 15 well plate and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=3 wells each):control group (C1)and 4 NE groups were exposed to NE 10-9, 10-8,10-7,10-6 mol/L respectively (NE1,2,3,4).In part Ⅱ the.cells were seeded in 12 well plate and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=3 wells each): group I control (C2): group II NE 10-7 tool/L; group Ⅲ (SN)was pretreated with SP 10-6 mol/L 30 minbefore NE 10-7 mol/L and group IV (NSN)was treated with NK-1 receptor antagonist (NK-1 tachykinin receptor antagonist,S3144) 30 min before SP pretreatment.After exposure to NE for 3 h the expression of β1-R in the rat cardiomyecytes was detected using flow cytometry.Results In part Ⅰ the expression of β1-R was significantly higher in group NE1-3 than in control group (C1),with the highest expression in group NF3.In part Ⅱ the expression of β1-R was significantly higher in group Ⅱ (NE) than in control group (C2) while lower in group Ⅲ (SN) than in control group Ⅱ.(NE).There was no significant difference in the expression of β1-R between group Ⅰ (C2) and group Ⅲ and Ⅳ (NSN).Conclusion Substance P pretreatment can inhibit the up-regulation of β1-R expression in cultured rat cardiomyocytes induced by norepinephrine through activating NK-1 receptor.

Radioactive 125I interstitial brachytherapy is easy to cause the intestinal tract tissue damage.Its mechanism possibly correlates to the quick renewal speed of the intestinal tract tissue and a majority of ceils in M, G2 and late S phases. The tolerant dose of intestinal tract tissue is approximately 160 Gy. If the absorbed dose is higher than the tolerant one, the intestinal tract tissue will be damaged. In the clinical practice of radio-active 125I interstitial brachytherapy, through the strict plan of the TPS system before the operation, by using ul-trasound, CT, MR/and other imaging technologies in the operating process and establishing the suitable barrier protection between the seeds and intestinal tract tissue, the radioactive damage of the intestinal tract tissue my be reduced.