Objective: Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - infected individuals. As there is sparse data on the oral Candida species in HIV- infected individuals in India, we characterized Candida species from the oral cavity in two cohorts - with and without HIV infection and with presence or absence of clinical oral candidiasis, in Chennai, South India.
Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 147 consecutive study participants by the oral rinse technique. Candidal species were isolated by culturing specimens on Sabouraud‘s dextrose agar. The pure cultures so derived were speciated using the commercially available ID32C system, and the results were interpreted using APILAB plus software.
Results: In the HIV seropositive group, the most commonly isolated candida species was C.albicans (86%) followed by C.tropicalis (23%), C.guilliermondi (6%), C.krusei (5%) and others (4%). In the healthy cohort without clinical candidiasis, C.tropicalis was the most commonly isolated species.
Conclusion: There appears to be a marked variation in oral Candida species found in HIV-seropositive and seronegative individuals in India. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to identify oral Candida species in a South Indian population.

Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy in Indian women. Cervical cancer usually spread by local extension and through the lymphatics to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Direct invasion of muscles by primary growth is more common than by metastatic involvement. We present a case of carcinoma of the cervix post radiotherapy to pelvis who on follow up presented with biceps muscle metastases as the initial sign of disseminated disease.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pelvis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms