Ocular accommodation refers to the process by which the ciliary muscle creates a clear image of the object in the retina by changing the refractive power of the lens. When the accommodation ability of the eye is insufficient, the imaging focus falls on the region behind the retina and hyperopic defocus is easily formed, resulting in axial growth and leading to the development of myopia, and it is found that most myopic patients usually have some accommodation dysfunction. Myopia has become a public health problem in China, and the prevalence of adolescents has increased dramatically. How to prevent and stop the occurrence and development of myopia is a major challenge. Previous studies have found that ocular accommodation dysfunction is associated with the occurrence and development of myopia, and the measurement of parameters related to accommodation function has certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of myopia. The purpose of this paper is to review the correlation between myopia and ocular accommodation function, with a view to providing new ideas for the prevention, control and treatment of myopia.

Objective: To examine the influence of school adaptation on depression among high school students, as well as the mediating effects of social avoidance and distress and learning burnout on the relationship between school adaptation and depression among high school students, so as to provide a basis for the mental health promotion among high school students. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to select 1 207 first year high school students from two high schools as the research subjects in Guiyang City. The School Adaptation Scale(SAS), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD), Learning Burnout Questionnaire(LBQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) were used to conduct surveys at three time points: October 2021 (T1), May 2022 (T2), and March 2023 (T3). Common method biase was tested using the Harman s single factor method,and bias correction was conducted via the Bootstrap method, utilizing 5 000 resamples to analyze the 95% confidence intervals(95% CI ) of parameter estimates. Results: School adaptation at T1 was negatively associated with depression of high school students at T3 ( β =-0.13, P <0.01). The mediation analysis showed that the mediating effect of social avoidance and distress at T2 between school adaptation at time point T1 and depression among high school students at time point T3 was-0.100 (95% CI =-0.134--0.071, P <0.05). The mediating effect of learning burnout at T2 between school adaptation at time point T1 and depression among high school students at time point T3 was-0.157 (95% CI =-0.211--0.106, P <0.05). The chain mediation effect of social avoidance and distress and learning burnout at T2 between school adaptation at time point T1 and depression among high school students at time point T3 was -0.022 (95% CI =-0.037--0.012, P <0.05). Conclusions Good school adaptation can directly alleviate depressive mood, and can indirectly reduce depression through social avoidance and distress and learning burnout among high school students. Families and schools should pay attention to the school adaptation of high school students and provide timely interventions and assistance to students with poor adaptation.

After one-month of oral treatment with traditional Chinese medicine decoction, without using other drugs, the lung inflammatory exudate, pulmonary fibrosis and quality of life of a 61-year-old female patient with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were significantly improved. No recurrence or deterioration of the patient's condition was found within seven weeks of treatment and follow-up, and no adverse events occurred, indicating that oral Chinese medicine decoction was able to improve the pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a patient recovering from COVID-19, but further research is still needed.
Administration, Oral ; COVID-19/virology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/etiology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Magnoliopsida ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology* ; SARS-CoV-2

ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) versus endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with large balloon dilation (ESBD) in the treatment of large common bile duct stones (≥10 mm). MethodsPubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched for related articles published up to March 2020. Two reviewers independently performed article screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. ResultsA total of 11 studies (6 randomized controlled trials and 5 non-randomized controlled trials) were included, with 1282 patients in total. The meta-analysis showed that in the 6 randomized controlled trials, there were no significant differences between the EPLBD group and the ESBD group in initial stone clearance rate (odds ratio ［OR］=0.71, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 0.45-1.12, P=0.14), overall stone clearance rate (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 0.65-2.96, P=0.39), rate of use of mechanical lithotripsy (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 0.75-1.89, P=0.46), and incidence rate of early complications (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.60-2.03, P=075); in the 5 non-randomized controlled trials, there were no significant differences between the EPLBD group and the ESBD group in initial stone clearance rate (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.35-1.15, P=0.13), overall stone clearance rate (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.19-112, P=009), and incidence rate of early complications (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.65-2.21, P=0.56), but the EPLBD group had a significantly higher rate of use of mechanical lithotripsy than the ESBD group (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.26-3.05, P=0.003). ConclusionEPLBD and ESBD have similar efficacy and safety in the treatment of large common bile duct stones, while EPLBD may increase the risk of the use of mechanical lithotripsy. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), glucose transporter 1(GLUT-1) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)-5 in colorectal cancer. Methods: The expression levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were detected by immunohistochemical staining in 142 specimens of human carcinoma in comparison with adjacent normal tissues. Results: The expression levels of HIF-1α(78.2%, 111/142), GLUT-1(75.4%, 107/142) and LDH-5(68.3%, 97/142) were higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues(14.8%, 21/142; 11.3%, 16/142; 7.0%, 10/142; P<0.01 for all three proteins), and such over-expression was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion, tumor grade and pathological stages(all P<0.01). Additional studies showed that HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and LDH-5 were positively associated with each other(r<0.3, P<0.05 for all three proteins). Conclusion The data suggest that HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and LDH-5 expression may serve as prognostic indicators for colorectal cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with the autologous ipsilateral peroneus longus tendon (PLT) under arthroscopy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 35 patients with ACL rupture who underwent ACL reconstruction with autologous ipsilateral PLT under arthroscopy between October 2017 and October 2018. There were 19 males and 16 females with an average age of 43.4 years (range, 18-60 years), with 20 cases of left knee and 15 cases of right knee. The causes of injury included traffic accident in 14 cases, falling injury in 13 cases, and sports injury in 8 cases. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 9 days (mean, 4.7 days). The patients suffered from swelling, pain, and limited mobility of knee joint before operation. The anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test were positive before operation, whereas MRI was taken to confirm the ACL rupture. After operation, the patients were followed up every 3 months until the knee joint's function returned to normal. MRI and X-ray films were used to observe the tendon-bone healing as well as the position of Endobutton suspension plate and hollow nail. The anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test were conducted to observe the improvement of knee joint mobility. The functional improvements were evaluated by the International Knee Documents Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, knee injury and osteoarthritis (KOOS) score. Results: All the 35 patients were followed up 12-18 months, with an average of 14.2 months. The incisions healed by first intention, and no complications such as infection, joint stiffness, and rerupture occurred. Postoperative anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test turned to be negative of all patients. MRI showed that the ACL was continuous, and the tendon-bone in the distal femur tunnel and proximal tibia tunnel recovered well after operation. X-ray films showed that the positions of Endobutton suspension plate and hollow nail were stable. The IKDC, Lysholm, and KOOS scores at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were significantly improved when compared with those before operation, and the scores were further improved with time after operation ( P<0.05). Conclusion: For patients with ACL rupture, ACL reconstruction with the autologous ipsilateral PLT under arthroscopy has satisfactory effectiveness of quick recovery, good function, and great stability.

Objective: To analyze the association of study weariness with self compassion and problem behaviors among left behind adolescents, and to explore the moderating role of self compassion in this association. Methods: By using convenient sampling method, 1 285 middle school students from two ordinary middle schools in a county of Dazhou City, Sichuan Province were selected, including 895 left behind adolescents. Study weariness, self compassion and problem behavior were assessed through questionnaire survey. Results: The scores of self compassion and externalizing behaviors in boys were higher than that of girls, while the scores of internalizing behaviors of girls were higher than that of boys ( t =2.13, 1.98, -2.05, P <0.05); the scores of study weariness and internalizing behaviors among left behind adolescents were higher than those of non left behind adolescents, while the scores of self compassion of nonleft behind adolescents were higher than those of left behind adolescents ( t =2.01, 2.08, -1.99, P <0.05). The scores of externalizing behaviors among only one child and junior high school students were higher than that of non only one children and high school students, while the scores of internalization problem behaviors of high school students were higher than that of junior high school students ( t =1.95, 2.03, -2.02, P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between study weariness and problem behavior ( t =0.37， P <0.01), a negative correlation between self compassion and problem behavior ( t =-0.49， P < 0.01 ), and between study weariness and self compassin ( t =-0.46， P <0.01). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between study weariness and behaviral problems among left behind teenagers. The cultivation of self compassion ability of left behind teenagers should be encouraged and promoted.

According to the 2020 world cancer data report， the prevalence of prostate cancer ranks second in male malignant tumors and the mortality fifth. In China， due to the poor living and eating habits， the prevalence of prostate cancer is still rising， and advanced prostate cancer can adapt to and tolerate androgen castration related drugs through a variety of mechanisms， which often indicates poor therapeutic outcomes in the late stage. Houttuyniae Herba， a medicinal plant of family Saururaceae， has been officially identified both as food and medicine by the National Health Commission. The existing studies have shown that Houttuyniae Herba inhibits the proliferation， migration， and invasion of prostate cancer and induces its apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via multiple targets， links， and pathways. These anti-tumor activities can also be observed in breast cancer， leukemia， gastric cancer， colorectal cancer， and other tumor cells. Such activities are mainly related to the inhibited expression of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase， regulation of apoptosis-related proteins， activation of apoptosis-related pathways， reduced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase， inhibition of activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）/Zinc finger protein （Snail） / transcription factor twist signaling pathway， and antagonization of growth factor receptor， androgen， inflammation， and oxidative stress in promoting the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. In addition， Houttuyniae Herba is able to alleviate diabetes， regulate blood glucose-lowering pathways， and boost immunity by inhibiting the protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways， thus suppressing the occurrence and progression of prostatic cancer. In conclusion，Houttuyniae Herba can be used as a potential drug against prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the root of Mirabilis jalapa.

METHODCompounds were isolated from 75% ethanolic extract of the titled herb by silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by physical and chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTFour compounds were obtained and identified as (2, 5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-urea (1), glycerin monoeicosate (2), boeravinone (3) and beta-sitosterol (4).

CONCLUSIONCompound (2) is a new compound, and compound (1) was obtained from this plant for the first time.

Allantoin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Eicosanoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycerol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mirabilis ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of the dysfunction of CD4