Objective:To assess the metabolic side effects of the following atypical antipsychoties head-to-head:amisulpride,olanzapine,aripiprazole,quetiapine,risperidone,ziprasidone.Methods:We searched the MED-LINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,PubMed,CNKI,Web of science,Sinomed,WANGFANG DATA databases for randomized,blineded studies comparing the above mentioned atypical antipsychoties in the treatment of schizophre-nia or related disorders.At last three reviewers extracted the data independently.All the data would be analysed with meta ananlysis and the analysis software of the RevMan 5.1 provided by Cochrane network.Results:There were 49 studies in which 45 were written in English and 4 were written in Chinese included in the review.Olanzapine pro-duced statistically significantly more weight gain than all other second-generation antipsychotics.Risperidone pro- duced significantly more weight gain than amisulpride.Olanzapine produced statistically significantly more increase in glucose levels from baseline to endpoint than all other second-genetation antipsychotics.Risperidone produced statistically significantly more increase in glucose levels from baseline to endpoint than aripiprazole,quetiap-ine.Olanzapine produced statistically significantly more increase in cholesterol than aripiprazole,risperidone and zi-prasidone.Quetiapine produced significantly more increase in cholesterol than risperidone and ziprasi-done.Risperidone produced significantly more increase in cholesterol compared to aripiprazole and ziprasidone.Conclusion:Some atypical antipsychoties lead to substantially more metabolic side effects than other a-typical antipsychoties.When choosing an atypical antipsychotic agent for an individual patient these side effects with their potential cause of secondary diseases should be weighed against efficacy and characteristics of the individual patient.

OBJECTIVETo identify the cause of an outbreak of foot pain syndrome among students from a senior high school in Foshan.

METHODSWe defined a suspect case as onset of foot pain/numbness with unknown reason among students and teachers in a school of Foshan city, from February 10 to March 16, 2014. A suspect case was noticed as having both food pain and numbness. All the cases were searched through reviewing medical records in the nearby hospitals and school's clinic, also the records of absenteeism in school. Clinical information was collected from all the students, using a standardized questionnaire. Daily temperature was collected from all the students, between January 1 and March 31, 2014. A 1 : 2 individual matched case-control study was conducted to identify related risk factors on this epidemic. We interviewed all the cases and controls on their diet, physical activities and measures used for warming.

RESULTSA total of 407 case-students were identified, with an attack rate (AR) as 26.5%. The AR was 37.3% in girls, compared to 12.9% in boys. The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 115.1, P < 0.01). Boarding students had a higher AR (31.8%) than the commuting students (16.2%). The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 43.2, P < 0.01). In girls, boarding students had higher AR (46.1%) than those commuting students (18.5%). The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 61.4, P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between boarding or commuting students in boys. Outdoor temperature was coming down from 23 °C on February 6 to 6 °C on February 13, but gradually rose to 23 °C on February 28. There was a positive relationship (r = 0.65, P = 0.002) noticed between daily maximum temperature and the number of cases during February 13-28. Results from this case-control study showed that factors as lacking physical activities (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.6), feeling cold in bed (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.0) and having experienced similar symptoms (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-11.0) could increase the risk of this disease.

CONCLUSIONThis outbreak was possibly caused by the abrupt fluctuation of temperature within a short period.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Foot Diseases ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pain ; epidemiology ; Residence Characteristics ; statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Schools ; Students ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syndrome ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Transportation ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo describe the prevalence and characteristics of mental disabilities in China.

METHODSThe data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method and the overall prevalence rates of mental disabilities were statistically calculated.

RESULTSAmong 2 526 145 respondents, 15 155 of them more than 15 years old were diagnosed as mental disabilities, with the prevalence rate as 6.01‰. The prevalence rate of disabilities caused only by mental disorders was 4.57‰ with 11 501 more than 15 years old. The prevalence rate of disability caused only by mental disorders was 4.67‰ with 11 501 adults. Of the disability cases that exclusively caused by mental disorders, 64.58% of them were attributable to schizophrenia, schizotypal or delusional disorders, 6.28% were mood disorder, and 6.27% were epilepsy disability, followed by neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (5.95%), dementia (5.19%), and other disabilities (less than 11.74%). Disabilities that attributable to schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders caused most severe impairments of functions in daily and social activities, followed by disabilities attributable to dementia, non-dementia organic mental disorder and epilepsy disability. Dementia caused the most severe grade of disability, accounted for 44.89% of all the cases. The data also showed that the disabilities attributable to mood disorder and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorder showed more impairments among mental disabilities.

CONCLUSIONPrevalence of mental disability in the second sample survey was higher than that of the first survey. Schizophrenia accounted for most of the mental disabilities but dementia caused the severest disability among all the cases with mental problems. As two of main causes of mental disabilities, neurosis and anxiety disorders should also be paid attention to.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Disabled Persons ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; epidemiology ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence