Abstract: Objective　To explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM) pulmonary disease in Hainan in recent years, and to provide data support for the prevention and treatment of NTM pulmonary disease. Methods　Medical records of patients diagnosed with NTM pulmonary disease who treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan Provincial Tuberculosis Hospital) from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected. The demographics, regional distribution, temporal distribution, distribution of mycobacterial species, clinical symptoms, and radiological imaging changes of these patients were analyzed. Results　A total of 225 confirmed cases of NMT pulmonary disease were collected in this study, with 133(59.1%) female patients outnumbering 92(40.9%) male patients. The disease predominantly affected people over 50 years old, with 192 cases (85.3%), and the major onset age range was 61-<81 years old, with a median age of 63 and an average age of 62. Farmers comprised the majority of the patients, with 112 cases (49.8%). More patients were from the western region (90 cases, 40.0%) than from the central region (76 cases, 33.8%), followed by the eastern region (59 cases, 26.2%). A total of 10 strains were detected from 225 samples, with the most common strains being Mycobacterium intracellulare (92 cases, 40.9%), Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus(80 cases, 35.6%), and Mycobacterium avium (15 cases, 6.7%), followed by Mycobacterium kansasii (5 cases, 2.2%), Mycobacterium fortuitum (4 cases, 1.8%), and Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum (3 cases, 1.3%). There were 10 cases (4.5%) of mixed infections, including Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare (8 cases, 3.6%), Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus (1 case, 0.4%), and Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus (1 case, 0.4%). The primary clinical manifestations of NTM pulmonary disease included cough and sputum (219 cases, 97.3%), hemoptysis (92 cases, 40.9%), fever (61 cases, 27.1%), dyspnea (57 cases, 25.3%), night sweats (52 cases, 23.1%), weight loss (50 cases, 22.2%), and thoracodynia (35 cases, 15.6%). There was no significant difference in symptoms between male and female patients. Pleural thickening (188 cases, 83.6%) and bronchiectasis (151 cases, 67.1%) were the most common imaging changes in NTM pulmonary disease, followed by cavities (93 cases, 41.3%), emphysema (41 cases, 18.2%), and lung damage (28 cases, 12.4%). Male patients were more likely to have lung damage and emphysema, while female patients were more likely to have bronchiectasis. Conclusions　The distribution of NTM species is diverse in Hainan area, with Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus, and Mycobacterium avium are dominant species. NTM pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis have similar clinical features, which requires attention for differentiation in clinical practice.

AIM:To study the role of prostaglandin F2?(PGF2?) in cardiac hypertrophy and its relation with calcineurin(CaN) signal transduction pathway in vitro.METHODS:The cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocyte was used to observe the hypertrophic effect of PGF2?,and the hypertrophic response was assayed by measuring the cell diameter,protein content and atrial natriuretic factor(ANF) mRNA expression.For mechanism studies,the intracellular free calcium concentration([Ca2+]i) in cultured cardiomyocytes was measured by using Fura-2/AM as a fluorescent indicator.ANF and CaN mRNA expressions,and the expressions of CaN and its downstream effectors,NFAT3 and GATA4 proteins were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.RESULTS:In cultured cardiomyocytes,PGF2? induced profound hypertrophic morphology change and the significant increase in cell diameter,and protein content in a concentration-dependent manner compared with those in vehicle control(P

Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of bladder hemangio-ma. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients with bladder hemangioma were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in com-bination with relevant literature. Results Ten patients were treated with partial cystectomy,and two patients treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT). All patients were diagnosed as the bladder hemangioma by postoperative pathology. Patients were followed up from 4 months to 6 years. There were no recurrence and metastasis in all cases. Conclu-sion Bladder hemangioma is a rare benign tumor, which can be preliminarily diagnosed by combinating with medical imag-ing. The final diagnosis depends on the pathological examination. Treatment options should rely on the factual situations. The partial cystectomy is the first choice for the treatment of bladder hemangioma. The prognosis is good.

OBJECTIVE：To study th e improvement effect and mechanism of Dajianzhong decoction on irritable bowel syndrome（IBS）visceral pain model rats. METHODS ：Totally 48 male non-weaning rats were randomly divided into normal control group ，model group ，pinaverium bromide group （positive control ，45 mg/kg）and Dajianzhong decoction high-dose ， medium-dose and low-dose groups （2.16，1.08，0.54 g/kg，by crude drug ），with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal control group，IBS visceral pain model was established by mother and child separation ，acetic acid enema ，ovalbumin intraperitoneal Remote limb precondition - ing protects against ischemia induced neuronal death through ameliorating neuronal oxidative DNA damage injection in other groups for 57 d. On the 58th day ，the rats in administration groups were given the corresponding drugs intragastrically，and model group and normal control group were given constant volume of purified water ，once a day ，for consecutive 14 d. The general condition of rats was observed ；abdominal wall withdrawal reaction （AWR）was adopted to evaluate the visceral sensitivity of rats in each group under 20，40，60，and 80 mmHg （1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa）pressure；HE staining method was used to observe the colon pathological features of rats in each group. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of intestinal glial cells markers fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP），nerve growth factor （NGF）and its receptor TrkA in colon tissue. RESULTS ：The mucosal layer of colon tissue in rats of model group was discontinuous ，gland edema was observed and lymphocytes ，neutrophils and eosinophils were scattered in the lamina propria. In Dajianzhong decoction low-does group，the mucosal layer of colon tissue was incomplete ，some glands were slightly edematous ，and a few lymphocytes ， neutrophils in the lamina propria. The colonic mucosa epithelial structure was intact ，glands arranged regularly ，and no degenerative necrosis and inflammatory cells were observed in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group. Compared with normal control group ，AWR scores under 20，40，and 60 mmHg pressure ，relative protein expression of GFAR ，NGF and TrkA were all increased significantly in model group and Dajianzhong decoction low-does groups（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，AWR scores under 20，and 40 mmHg pressure in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group ，AWR scores under 60 mmHg pressure in Dajianzhong decoction high-dose group and pinaverium bromide group ，relative protein expression of GFAP ，NGF，TrkA in colon tissue in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Dajianzhong decoction could improve the visceral pain of IBS model rats by inhibiting the activation of intestinal glial cells and reducing the expression of NGF and TrkA.

BACKGROUND:There is a general consensus that patients undergoing joint arthroplasty surgery wil be in hypercoagulable state and easily to induce deep vein thrombosis. Thromboelastography is a new kind of method to monitor blood coagulation state, but not widely used in orthopaedics. No final conclusion has yet been reached on whether we can guide the clinical prevention of deep vein thrombosis and medication through using thromboelastography to monitor perioperative coagulation state of patients treated with joint arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between thromboelastography and routine coagulation functional tests, and evaluate the clinical application value of thromboelastography in monitoring the perioperative coagulation state of patients treated with joint arthroplasty.
METHODS:A total of 204 patients who treated with joint arthroplasty at First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from November 2014 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The thromboelastography, routine coagulation, platelet and other data before and after the replacement were respectively col ected. The correlative analysis was conducted between the thromboelastography result and the results of conventional coagulation test, that is, routine coagulation and platelet count. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In total knee arthroplasty group, activated partial thromboplastin time and reaction time showed good consistency (φ=0.713, Kappa value=0.647);Prothrombin time had moderate correlation and general consistency with reaction time (φ=0.392, Kappa value=0.362);Coagulation time and fibrinogen had moderate correlation and consistency (φ=0.392, Kappa value=0.488);Aggregates formation rate (αangle) and fibrinogen had moderate correlation and consistency;the remaining parameters had poor correlation and consistency. In total hip arthroplasty group, there was a weak correlation and consistency between the reaction time, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time;the other correlations were poor. However, there was a higher proportion of consistent clotting trend between some parameters of thrombelastography and routine coagulation. In total hip arthroplasty group, the consistent proportion of coagulation time and fibrinogen accounted for 67.6%;the consistent proportion of aggregates formation rate (αangle) and fibrinogen accounted for 78.3%. These results suggest that thromboelastography and routine coagulation tests have some correlations and consistency. Thromboelastography parameters have more consistent tendency on the data. Thrombelastography can serve as an auxiliary mean to monitor coagulation state of perioperative joint arthroplasty.

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis and treatment of severe hematuria after sexual activity in men.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 10 patients with severe hematuria after sexual activity who were admitted from January 2017 to January 2020, including 4 cases from Peking University People’s Hospital, 3 cases from Donghua Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, 2 cases from Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, and 1 case from Tianjin Jinnan Hospital. The average age of the patients was (33.5±7.6) years old. All 10 cases had severe hematuria and blood clots within 1 hour after sexual activity. The blood routine examination revealed that there were different degrees of hemorrhagic anemia after 24 hours of admission, and the average hemoglobin was(95.8±8.9)g/L. Ten patients underwent transurethral cystoscopy electrosurgical resection and / or electrocoagulation under subarachnoid anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. All patients were confirmed to be bleeding from posterior urethral lesions, including 4 cases located in the distal seminal caruncle, 5 cases in the prostate, and 1 case in proximal seminal caruncle. Three cases whose bleeding from varicose veins in the prostate urethra were treated with electrocoagulation in order to stop the bleeding, and lesions were removed in the other 7 cases for pathological examination. The F16 urinary catheter was indwelt after the operation.Results:All 10 operations in this group were successfully completed. Six cases of posterior urethral hemangioma rupture and 1 case of posterior urethral polyp were confirmed by the pathological examination in 7 cases. The urinary catheter was successfully removed 1 week after operation. Abstinence was required for 1 month after operation. There was no recurrence of hematuria after resuming sexual activity, and no complications such as dysuria or urinary incontinence.Conclusion:Severe hematuria after sexual activity is mostly caused by rupture or bleeding of abnormal blood vessels in the posterior urethra. Transurethral resection and/or electrocoagulation are the first choice for treatment. The effect is reliable and the prognosis is satisfactory.