Bloodletting therapy is one of the typical treatment modes of traditional Chinese medicine, and acute soft tissue injury (ASTI) is one of the most common indications for acupuncture therapeutics. In this paper, the current situation of treatments and pathological mechanisms of ASTIs, the existing problems of bloodletting therapy in the treatment of ASTIs and the study strategies are systematically analyzed, indicating that bloodletting therapy is significantly effective in the treatment of ASTIs. Breakthroughs in the treatment of ASTIs will be achieved with the application of bloodletting therapy both in clinical practice and experimental research.

Objective To understand the prevalence rate of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its related factors in community elderly so as to provide evidence for the community intervention. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in a random sampling of 925 elderly people. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), activities of daily living (ADL) scale and questionnaire were used for face-to-face interview. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied in this study. Results The prevalence rate of MCI was 21.1% in elderly people. Female, high age, illiteracy, loss of spouse, lack of exercise, no professional activitives and not doing some work for the descendants were the risk factors for MCI. Conclusions The aging and the low educational level are the risk factors for MCI in the elderly. High self-care ability scores are the protective factors for MCI.

Objective To investigate the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGBI) of TLR4 endogenous ligand and distant organ tissue injury after intestine ischemia/reperfusion and drainage of lymph fluid in rats. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (SPF grade) were evenly divided into 3 groups:Sham surgery group,intestine ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group,and intestine ischemia-reperfusion with drainage of intestine lymph fluid (IR + drainage) group.The injury of distant organs such as lungs,liver,kidney was evaluated;The expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGBI) of TLR4 endogenous ligand in intestine,lung and liver after the ischemia-reperfusion injury was measured by immunohistochemistry.Result HE stained sections,as well as HMGB1 immunohistochemistry results showed that the injury of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) + drainage group were more severe than that in the sham group.A large number of cells stained in I/R group,indicating that HMGB1 expression increased.The injury in I/R + drainage group was significantly less severe than I/R group.Western blot tests showed that the expression of HMGB1 in jejunum,ileum,liver,lung increased significantly in I/R group after L/R injury.Gray-scale values of HMGB1/β-actin were 0.3145 ± 0.0549、 1.7352 ± 0.3280、1.4443 ± 0.0926、3.1382 ± 0.4202.Lymph drainage significantly alleviated the damage,the expression of HMGB1 were significantly lower (P ＜0.05).Gray-scale values of HMGB1/β-actin were 0.1745 ± 0.0327、 1.1083 ± 0.2098、 1.1862 ± 0.1221、2.1095 ± 0.1993. Conclusion Increased expression of HMGB1 of TLR4 endogenous ligand is associated with intestinal and distant tissue injury during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Drainage of lymph fluid can block the gutlymph pathway and thus reduce the source of HMGB1 from the intestinal as well as the injury of distant tissue.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of pricking cupping in treating herpes zoster at acute stage.MethodSixty patients with herpes zoster at acute stage were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by pricking cupping, while the control group was by oral administration of Western medicine. The total effective rate and the improvement of symptoms and pain at different stages were observed afterintervention.ResultThe total effective rate was 90.0% in the treatment group versus 86.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05); after the first treatment course, the decreases of symptom score and pain indexin the treatment group were significantly superior to that in the control group (P<0.05); after the second treatment course, there were no significant differences in comparing the decreases of symptom score and pain index between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionPricking cupping is an effective approach in treating herpes zoster of the acute stage, as it can produce a comparatively higher total effective rate and also significantly improve the symptoms and pain.

Ovbective To study the perioperative changes in neurohormonal factors and hemodynamics in rheumatic valve disease. Methods Method: The neurohormaonal factors, including catecholamine (CA), angiotesin II (AGII), aldosterone (ALD), atrial natriuretic factor (ANP) and hemodynamics were studies in twenty-four patients with rheumatic valve disease (RVD). 7 congenital heart disease (CHD) as the control group. Results Plasma CA, AGII, ALD and ANP were higher preoperatively in RVD groups than that in CHD group, and significantly rose during cardiopulmonary bypass in RVD groups. Conclusion There is a hyperaldosteronism in patients with mitral valve disease during perioperative period. The high systemic resistance is closely related to significantly high levels of plasma NA and AGII during operation and in the early stage after operation. In patients with mitral valve disease and pulmonary hypertension, most of pulmonary pressure and resistance decrease in the early stage after operation.

Objective To observe the influence of Electro-Acupuncture on free amino acid in brain tissue of diabetic rats. Method The diabetic rats were induced by the intra-abdominal injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg once a day for two days). Electro-Acupuncture on Bai Hui and Da Zhui together with quick puncturing along Pang Guang meridian on the back, especially the back Shu points of five Zang organs were applied to alloxan-diabetic rats. Blood glucose and free amino acid were investigated after 6 weeks of Electro-Acupuncture treatment. Results The blood glucose of Electro-Acupuncture group was decreased obviously after treatment (P

TLR4 mediates I/R injury involving endogenous ligands.Interaction of TLR4 with endogenous ligands provides a critical link between tissue damage and activation of the innate immune response.In the early phase of liver,kidney,heart,or lung I/R injury,endogenous ligands are secreted from several kinds of cells,they are recognized by TLR4.Interaction of TLR4 with endogenous ligands,such as HMGB1,seems to be the most important trigger of inflammation and initiates signaling cascades leading to inflammatory and immune responses.Blocking the interaction of TLR4 with endogenous ligands may be useful in clinical management of inflammation and cellular necrosis caused by ischemic insults.

Objective To investigate the effect of external treatment with traditional Chinese medicine on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR)and summarize nursing key points. Methods One hundred and twenty CSR patients with cervical shoulder pain and upper limb radioactive pain were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group in equal number.The treatment group were managed with external treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and the control group with conventional treatments. The curative effects were compared between the two groups 15 d after treatment. Results The treatment group achieved significantly better curative effect than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The external treatment with traditional Chinese medicine may effectively relieve cervical shoulder pains and radioactive pains in upper limbs induced by cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

Objective To observe the effect of Sachet-therapy on prevention of infant upper respiratory tract infection. Methods A cluster sampling was conducted for quantitative investigation. Hangzhou urban infants were randomly treated with either wearing Sachet or not wearing Sachet for 12 weeks′ observation.We then analyzed statistically the incidence of the two groups. Results The incidence was 14.42 % in the infant observer group and 54.98% in the contrast group with statistical significance(P

Objective To investigate the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression on distant tissue during the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) intervention in rats.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats,weighing (281.50 ± 22.68) g,were randomly divided into three groups (n =16) after gastrostomy:normal diet (N) group,enteral nutrition (EN) group and EN plus ω-3 PUFAs (PUFA) group.Each group was further divided into lymph drainage (I/R + D) and non-drainage (I/R) sub-groups (n =8 each) according to whether treated with intestinal lymph drainage.All the rats were subjected to 60 min ischemia by clamping the superior mesenteric artery,followed by 120 min reperfusion,while the rats in the I/R + D subgroups were treated with intestinal lymph drainage for 180 min at the same time.Results The interleukin-6 level in lymph in N (I/R + D) group was significantly higher than in the EN (I/R + D) and PUFA (I/R + D) groups (PUFA vs EN vs N:(154.57 ±69.30) ng/L vs (97.58 ±40.34) ng/L vs (85.35 ±23.93) ng/L,P =0.021).Besides,the serum level of HMGB1 in PUFA (I/R + D) group was significantly lower compared to the other 5 groups [PUFA (I/R) vs EN (I/R) vs N (I/R) vs PUFA (I/R + D) vs EN (I/R + D) vs N (I/R + D):(2.95 ± 1.17) μg/L vs (3.86 ±0.99) μg/L vs (4.45 ± 1.73) μg/L vs (1.71 ±1.41) μg/Lvs (2.11±0.56) μg/Lvs (3.13 ±0.79) μg/L,P=0.000],and it also decreased in the PUFA (I/R) and EN (I/R) groups than the N (I/R) group (respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the serum endotoxin level in PUFA (I/R) group was significantly lower compared to the N (I/R) and EN (I/ R) groups[PUFA(I/R) vsPUFA (I/R+D) vsEN (I/R) vs N (I/R):(0.020±0.004) EU/mlvs (0.028 ±0.006) EU/ml vs (0.028 ±0.005) EU/ml vs (0.018 ±0.006) EU/ml,P=0.014].Together the serum tumor necrosis factor-α level in both PUFA (I/R) and PUFA (I/R + D) groups were significantly lower than theEN (I/R),N (I/R) and N (I/R+D) groups [PUFA (I/R+D) vs PUFA (I/R) vs EN (I/R) vsN (I/R) vs N (I/R+D):(12.03 ±6.57) ng/L vs (14.32 ±6.11) ng/Lvs (23.27 ±15.60)ng/L vs (27.42 ± 10.37) ng/L vs (26.87 ± 5.30) ng/L,P =0.013].The jejunum and ileum mucosa in all the I/R groups showed swelling and atrophy and appeared fragile,while the PUFA groups showed less yellow staining and injury than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).In addition,the expressions of TLR4 mRNA in jejunum,ileum,and liver in all the drainage groups were respectively lower than the corresponding non-drainage groups [jejunum:PUFA (I/R) vs EN (I/R) vs N (I/R) vs PUFA (I/R+D) vs EN (I/R+D) vsN (I/R+D):2.32±0.62vs3.08±1.29vs3.50±2.44vs 1.62±0.79vs 1.67±1.11 vs 1.94±0.81,P=0.025; ileum:PUFA (1/R) vsEN (1/R) vsN (1/R) vs PUFA (1/R+D) vsEN (1/R+D) vs N (1/R+D):2.67±1.08 vs 5.22 ± 3.96 vs 6.95 ±4.92 vs 1.70±0.68 vs 1.80±0.29 vs3.68±1.47,P=0.012; liver:PUFA (1/R)vsEN (1/R)vsN (1/R)vs PUFA (1/R+D)vsEN (1/R+D)vsN (1/R+D):5.67 ±1.94 vs 7.50 ±3.89 vs 7.18 ±4.55 vs 1.70 ±0.86 vs 3.90 ± 1.95 vs 4.12 ±2.11,P =0.001],which was consistent with the reduction of HMGB1 and the decrease of nuclear factor-κB activity in intestine,liver,and lung (P =0.000).Conclusions Lymph drainage and ω-3 PUFAs intervention can reduce the production of HMGB1 and inflammation factors,inhibit the expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 mRNA,and thus alleviate distant tissue injury caused by intestinal L/R.