Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)are pluripotent stem cells obtained through transduction of specific transcription factors and reprogramming of human and animal somatic cells,Which are similar to embryonic stem cells.The iPSCs possesses characteristics of unlimited proliferation,self-reneWal and multi-differentiation.This arti-cle mainly summarized current research condition,application value and prospects of iPSCs in cardiovascular area, and its defect in application of current stage.

Objective To evaluate the effectivness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chloroaluminum sulfonated phthalocyanine (CASPc) in B16F10 melanomas in a rabbit model. Methods B16F10 murine melanoma tumor fragments were implanted transclerally into the subchoroidal space of 38 immunosuppressed New Zealand albino rabbits and examined with indirect ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography. When the tumors ranged from 2.0~3.8 mm in height, 30 rabbits were treated by PDT, with intravenous injection of CASPc 5 mg/kg, and irradiation at the wavelength of 675 nm of an argon-pumped dye laser after 24 hours. Light dose ranged from 20 J/cm 2 to 70 J/cm 2. The other 8 animals were treated with light only or photosensitizer only. The animals were followed up for 6~8 weeks. Results The 30 tumor-bearing rabbits were by PDT (laser and CASPc) regressed in 21 animals after treatment. At light doses under 40 J/cm 2, tumor regrowth was observed in 9 animals after two weeks of treatment. In all of the 8 control animals, the tumor-bearing eyes were filled with tumor at the third week after implantation with laser doses of 70 J/cm 2. Conclusion The study suggest that CASPc PDT may be effective in the treatment of B16F10 choroidal melanomas.

Objective:To establish the quality standards for Zhichuan adhesive plasters;Methods:Herba ephedrae、Bergenin arolisiae、Flos caryophylli、Semen sinapis in Zhichuan adhesive plasters were identified by TLC. Ephedrine hydrachloride in Herba ephedrea was determined by RP HPLC.Results:These methods were simple and accurate.Conclusion: The methods can be used for the quality control of Zhichuan adhesive plasters.

Purpose To discuss the TCR gene rearrangements in the diagnosis of T-cell lymphomas. Methods Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples including 30 cases of T-cell lymphomas and 30 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were chosen for ex-tracting genomic DNA and PCR amplification using 56 BIOMED-2 primers. PCR products were analyzed by heteroduplex and polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis. Results In all 30 cases of T-cell lymphomas, 25 cases (83. 3%) showed TCRβ gene monoclonal rear-rangements, 28 cases (93. 3%) of TCRγ gene monoclonal rearrangements, 4 cases (13. 3%) of TCRδ gene monoclonal rearrange-ments. 29 cases (96. 7%) with TCRβ+TCRγ+TCRδ gene monoclonal rearrangements were detected. but no clonal TCR gene rear-rangements were found in 30 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Conclusions The detection of TCR gene rearrangements using BIOMED-2 primers is a useful assistant method for the diagnosis of T-cell lymphomas.

BACKGROUND:At present, many researches have shown that tacrolimus has protecting effect on peripheral nerves,however,whether tacrolimus has a similar effect on central neural system has not been known yet.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of tacrolimus on neural behaviors and memory by observing the neural behaviors and detecting the expression of synaptophysin in cortex,hippocampus and basipodite.DESIGN:Parallel and before and post contrast study.SETTING:Department of neurosurgery, affiliated hospital of the two medical universities.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Department Neurosurgery,Shanghai Changzheng Hospital in November 2002.Twenty-four qualified Sprague-Dawley rats supplied by Shanghai Experimental Animal Center of medical institution of Fudan University,with body mass of 180-220 g,were randomly divided into three groups:control, injury and treatment,with 8 rats in each group.INTERVENTIONS:Anesthesia was induced by administration of sodium pentobarbital(with the concentration of 20 g/L,40 mg/kg) twenty-four hours before the operation.The coup energy was 151.95-172.21 kPa that was equal to medium injury. The control rats did not receive the coup. Tacrolimus was given to the treatment group in the dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection at 5 minutes post trauma. The drug was given once physiological saline. Before and post trauma (on the third and seventh day)all rats Accepted Beam Walking Test,Beam Balance Test and Memory Test,respectively. One week after trauma,all rats' heads was removed and the brain was taken out within seconds.The hippocampus,cortex and basipodite of the traumatic hemisphere were kept in methanal with the concentration of 4 percent. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis system were used to study the expression of synaptophysin in cortex,hippocampus and basipodite of the traumatic hemisphere.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The performance records of neural behaviors and memory of the three groups. ②Results of the expression of synaptophysin in cortex, hippocampus and basipodite of the three groups.③Apoptotic cellscalculation of synaptophysin in cortex,hippocampus and basipodite.RESULTS:Totally 24 rats entered the final analysis. ①On the third day and the seventh day,the scores recorded in Walking Test and Balance Test of the treatment group were less than those in the injury group[Walking Test: (7.5±2.5) s,(5.5±2.1) s,(10.5±2.5) s,(8.2±2.5) s. Balance Test:(3.4±0.5)score,(2.5±0.2) score,(5.7±0.2) score,(5.0±0.5) score,P ＜ 0.05-0.01].But the scores recorded in memory test of the treatment group were still more than those in the control group,memory test[(4.9±1.7) s,(6.2±2.3) s,(4.0±1.5) s,(4.4±2.6) s,P ＜ 0.05-0.01]. ②The expression of synaptophysin in cortex,hippocampus and basipodite in the treatment group was still more than that in the injury group(140.36±3.87, 45.52±2.16,31.67±2.35,96.25±2.85,24.35±2.47,20.49±2.08,P ＜ 0.01);The expression of synaptophysin control group was especially more than that in treatment group (162.24±3.52,50.58±2.31,42.69±2.53, P ＜ 0.01).Apoptotic cells calculation of cortex,hippoeampus and basipodite in treatment group was far less than those in injury group,(10.37±2.12)%,(18.39±2.87)%, (12.78±2.45)%,(21.14±4.85)%,(38.57±3.78)%, (21.18±4.59)%,P ＜ 0.01].And apoptotic cells calculation in injury group was more than those in control group [(3.85±2.56)%,(4.96±2.15)%, (3.52±2.17)%,P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION:Tacrolimus can facilitate the expression of synaptophysin,refrain from calcineurin involving in the process of transcription-dependent and nontranscription-dependent apoptosis,and can also contribute to the recovery of memory and neural behaviors post trauma.

Objective :To study the effects of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and human leukocyte antigen (HAL-DR) on the immunopathologic process of uveitis. Methods:Imn- munohistochemical techniques were applied to detect their expression in eyes of both the health (20 cases from eye bank) and patients with uveitis (54 cases with 54 eyes which included 33 ex- ogenous uveitis and 21 endogenous one). Results:Both the two ant igens were detectable in the choroidal and retinal tissues in eyes of uveitis while all the normal eyes showed negative expres- sion of ICAM-1 and negative or little expression of HLA-DR (P＜0. 01). However,there was no statistically significant difference between exogenous and endogenous types (P＞0. 05). Conclu- sion: Both ICAM-1 and HLA-DR may be responsible for cell recognition and binding in the in- flarnmatory tissues. The co-expression of ICAM-1 and HAL-DR showed that these two factors might play an important role in the immunologic damage of the choroid and retina in uveitis.

Objective To investigate and analyze cognitive similarities and differences of nurses factors that lead to the tense nurse-patient relationship from both attitudes of nurses and patients. Methods By using the method of questionnaire, 284 nurses and 305 patients were investigated respectively in a top'three hospital of a city. Results There was a significant difference in cognitive scores of nurses factors that lead to the tense nurse- patient relationship (P < 0.01), patients' scores were (3.90±0.47) points which were higher than (3.52±0.35) points of the nurses′. In dimensions of prioritization, both nurses and patients believed that technical ability, professional knowledge and service attitude were the main factors leading to the tense relationship between nurses and patients. While nurses held that communication ability was more important, patients held that the nurse′s own personality was more important. Conclusions There are similarities and differences of attitudes to nurs's factors between nurses and patients regarding tension in nurse- patient relationship. The tense relationship between nurses and patients is affected to a great extent by nurses' professional knowledge, technical ability and service attitude. Managers should objectively evaluate and fully pay attention to cognitive similarities and differences of both sides, strengthen nurses′theoretical knowledge and clinical skills training, improve service attitude, and develop good character,in order to provide high quality nursing service for patients.

Objective To observe the influence of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in teaching patients with cervical spondylosis about their disease.Methods A hundred cervical spondylosis patients were assigned according to their admission order into an experimental or a control group.The control group received conventional health education and health education materials, including oral health education.With the intervention group,the TPB was used to design their nursing, and they received behavioral intervention addressing attitude, subjective norms and behavior control.Both groups were assessed for the degree of pain using a six-point pain score, health behavior, and recurrence, before the experiment and after 6 months.Results After six months both groups had significantly improved pain scores, but the average improvement in the intervention group was significantly greater.Their health behavior was also significantly better except for the prevention of pharyngeal infection and keeping warm.Conclusions The TPB can significantly relieve the pain and improve the health behavior of spondylosis patients, and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To determine the optimal cut-off value of critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT) in assessing degree of pain in patients undergone craniotomy, and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CPOT with this cut-off value. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. A total of 118 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after craniotomy was consecutively enrolled during August 2014 to August 2015. CPOT and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess the pain before, during and 20 minutes after the removal of central venous catheters, and the difference was compared between two scores at three time points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values for evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of CPOT. Patients' complaint of pain was considered the gold-standard. Results CPOT values (inter-quartile range) before, during and after the procedure were 0 (0-3), 0 (0-6) and 0 (0-2), respectively; while VAS values were 4 (1, 6), 3 (1, 6) and 4 (1, 6), respectively. CPOT value during the procedure was significantly higher than CPOT values before and after the procedure (both P < 0.01). When the optimal cut-off value of CPOT was 1, CPOT showed the highest Youden index before, during and after the procedure (1.183, 1.515, and 1.438, respectively), and showed high specificity (all 100%) and low sensitivity (18.3% and 43.8%, respectively) when assessing the pain before and after the removal of the catheter. The sensitivity and the specificity were high when assessing the pain during the procedure, the sensitivity was 69.4%, and the specificity was 82.1%. When the optimal cut-off value of VAS was 2 before and during the procedure, and was 4 after the procedure, VAS showed the highest Youden index, 1.568, 1.452, and 1.509, respectively. VAS demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity before, during and after the procedure (sensitivity was 97.2%, 95.2% and 75.0%, respectively; specificity was 59.6%, 50.0% and 75.9%, respectively). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of CPOT before, during and after the procedure were 0.592 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.490-0.693], 0.778 (95%CI= 0.693-0.863) and 0.719 (95%CI = 0.627-0.811), respectively; the AUC of VAS before, during and after the procedure were 0.846 (95%CI = 0.771-0.920), 0.767 (95%CI = 0.681-0.854) and 0.838 (95%CI = 0.767-0.909), respectively. The AUC of VAS before and after the procedure was significantly higher than the AUC of CPOT (P < 0.001 and P = 0.006), while there was no significant difference between the AUC of VAS and CPOT during the procedure (P = 0.826). Conclusion CPOT can be used to assess the pain during painful procedure, and it shows high accuracy, but with poor evaluation effect on pain in rest.

Objective To investigate the human resources of neurosurgery intensive care unit(NICU)using modified nursing activity score(NAS).Methods NAS was used to investigate the nursing work load of all shifts and compute the needed personnel for every shift,followed by adaption of nursing staff based on the results.Results Based on the scores by NAS,day shift was the heaviest in work load,followed by early night shift and then by late night shift.The differences between day shit and early night shift or late night one were both statistically different(P<0.05 for both).Conclusions The adjustment based on the results by NAS will reduce nursing risk and improve quality of nursing.