Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus is dry,mature fruits of magnolia plant Schisandra chinensis. In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars have made a lot of studies on active constituents of S. chinensis and pharmacological activities. This article systematically organizes the active constituents and pharmacological activities of S. chinensis. It was found that fruit,seeds,roots,stems and leaves of S. chinensis and other medicinal parts mainly contained lignans,volatile oils,triterpenoids,polysaccharides and flavonoids. And lignans were the main characteristic active ingredients of S. chinensis,triterpenoids,polysaccharides and volatile oils were the secondary active ingredients,and the activity of flavonoids had rarely been reported. According to the pharmacological study of S. chinensis,S. chinensis lignans had certain effects on the central nervous system,cardiovascular system,liver,kidney and reproductive system,with anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,anti-bacterial and anti-HIV effects. Other chemical components also had good pharmacological activities,but were less studied than lignans. With dual functions in medicine and food, it was widely used as a health product and medicine. This article systematically summarized the active constituents and pharmacological activities of S. chinensis,and provided an important reference and basis for the further development of the health product and medicine of S. chinensis in the future.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the blood drug monitoring results of vancomycin and clinical administration behavior and then to provide a clinical reference for its rational utilization. METHODS:We retrospectively collected the blood drug monitoring results of vancomycin and drugrelated information from July 2007 to October 2008 in our hospital. These data were from the electronic clinical pharmacy workstation and initial written case history. RESULTS:Among the 76 cases,non-clinical significant results due to doctor’s irregular manipulation in collecting blood sample accounted for 32.89%. In renal failure group,the rate of peak concentration above the effective blood concentration range was 44.46% . Every patient was averagely administered 21.85 kinds of drugs mainly by intravenous injection during vancomycin application. Clinical response rate of vancomycin was 65.00%. CONCLUSION:During the blood concentration monitoring of vancomycin,we should take clinical need into consideration,collect blood samples rightly,consider the factors such as special pathophysiologic status of patients,drug combination,and adjust the dosage timely.

Cathepsin, with various species and functions, derives from cell endolysosome. It has great impact on both sustaining eubolism and preventing diseases. Cathepsin has positive effect on human beings through its moderate expression to enhance the cells in their activation, multiplication, and metabolism. While its excessive expression might have a negative effect of inducing other diseases. Traditional Chinese herbs have been a crucial part of traditional Chinese medicine and they are various in species with less side effect, which has been paid close attention to. So far, researches about cathepsin become abundant among researchers home and abroad, while Chinese materia medica just takes up its gradual research not long before. This paper aims at briefly summarizing the latest academic researches on cathepsin home and abroad in terms of dependency structure, features of pathology and physiology as well as the intervention of traditional Chinese herbs to cathepsin in order to give a clear picture on its development.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents and quality standard of Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis. METHODS: The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic methods including NMR, MS, and UV, etc. Scopoletin in this preparation was identified by TLC. Its content was determined by HPLC. The separation of scopoletin was performed on a Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.2% phosphoric acid(B): 0-5 min, A-B (25: 75) →A-B(20: 80); 5-10 min, A-B(20: 80)→A-B(15: 85); 10-18 min, A-B(15: 85); 18-19 min, A-B(50: 50); 19-25 min, A-B (25: 75), with the flow rate of 1.0 mL · min-1, the UV detection wavelength was 298 nm, and column temperature was 30°C. RESULTS: Three compounds were isolated and identified as scopoletin (1), kaempferol (2), and β-sitosterol. They showed obvious characteristics in TLC identification. Good linearity was obtained over the range of 0.022-0.352jxg (r =0.999 9) for scopoletin. The average recovery (n=6) was 92.93% (RSD = 1.86%). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-2 were isolated from the Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis for the first time. The qualitative and quantitative analysis methods are accurate and suitable for effective quality control of Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis.

Objective: To study the pharmacodynamic effect of “unification of medicines and excipients” and the mechanism of action about Shaoyao Gancao Intragastric Floating Tablets (SGIFT). Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into control group and model group, Shenmei Yangwei Granule group (1.0 g/kg), Shaoyao Gancao Decoction extract group (1.0 g/kg), low-dose SGIFT group (1.0 g/kg), high-dose SGIFT group (1.5 g/kg), chitosan blank excipients group (1.0 g/kg). The acute gastric ulcer model was established in the blank excipient group without chitosan (1.0 g/kg). Six rats in each group, fasting for 24 h after 13 d of continuous administration, and gastric administration of anhydrous ethanol (2.5 mL/single). The blood and gastric tissue were taken out after 1.5 h to observe the pathological damage in each group. The expression of GAS, MDA, PG, epidermal growth factor (EGF) in serum and EGF, PGE2, TFF1 in gastric tissue of each group were detected. Results: Compared with the model group, the other groups can improve the gastric histopathology of rabbits with acute gastric ulcer effectively. The content of EGF in serum and EGF, PGE2, and TFF1 in gastric tissue of rabbits was increased in varying degrees, and the content of GAS, MDA, and PG in serum was all decreased in different degrees. Conclusion: SGIFT had certain therapeutic effects on rabbits with anhydrous ethanol gastric ulcer. The mechanism might be related to protecting gastric mucosa, increasing the content of protective factors, and reducing the content of attack factors.

This is a case report on a 1-day-old male neonate admitted due to a weak cry for 1 day and recurrent circumoral cyanosis for 2 hours. He had unusual facial features at birth, with a single transverse palmar crease on both hands, flat feet, weak cry, feeding difficulties, congenital heart disease, and abnormality on cerebral MRI. Whole exome sequencing showed a
Exons ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Male ; Mutation ; Whole Exome Sequencing

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of MMP20 in endometrial carcinoma and its clinical significance.

METHODSBioinformatics analysis was used to explore the correlation of MMP20 expression with the prognosis of the patients with endometrial carcinoma. We collected 21 pairs of fresh endometrial carcinoma and adjacent endometrial tissues to detect the expression of MMP20 mRNA using real-time PCR. We also examined MMP20 protein expressions in 134 paraffin-embedded endometrial carcinoma tissues and 34 paraffin-embedded endometrial tissues using immunohistochemistry. The correlation of MMP20 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients were analyzed.

RESULTSBased on TCGA database analysis, the patients with endometrial carcinoma showing an increased MMP20 mRNA expression had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with a low MMP20 mRNA expression (=0.00065). Real-time PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry confirmed the up-regulated expressions of MMP20 at both the mRNA (=0.0062) and protein (=0.005) levels in endometrial carcinoma tissues compared to the adjacent endometrial tissues. An elevated MMP20 protein expression was positively associated with FIGO stage of endometrial carcinoma (=0.014) and inversely correlated with the survival time of the patients (=0.019). The Cox regression model analysis showed that an increased MMP20 expression was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis of the patients with endometrial carcinoma (=0.067).

CONCLUSIONSHigh expression of MMP20 is a potential prognostic factor for poor outcomes of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the extraction technology of the flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. METHODS： Using total contents of four flavonoids， liquiritinapioside， glycyrrhizin， isoliquiritin apioside and formononetin as indexes， types and volume fractions of extraction solvents （water， ethanol）， volume of addition and extraction time as factors， based on single factor experiment， Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the extraction technology of flavonoids from G. uralensis. Validation test was also conducted. RESULTS： The optimal extraction technology was 50 mL 50％ ethanol as extraction solvent， 0.200 g G. uralensis， ultrasonic extraction for 50 min. In validation test， the extraction amounts of liquiritinapioside， glycyrrhizin， isoliquiritin apioside and formononetin were 10.733 0， 27.784 9， 3.441 9， 0.429 1 mg/g， respectively （all RSDs＜3.0％， n＝3）. The average total extraction amount of four flavonoids was obtained was 42.388 9 mg/g， the relative error of which to predicted value （42.173 2 mg/g） was 0.52％ （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS： The optimized extraction technology is simple， rapid and stable， and can be used for the extraction of flavonoids from G. uralensis.

OBJECTIVE：To estab lish fingerprint of Duzhong butiansu pill s，analyze its chemical pattern recognition ，and determine the contents of 7 components in Duzhong butiansu pills ，so as to provide reference for the quality control of the preparation. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Pntulips BP-C 18 Plus column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid water-acetonitrile as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 330 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. With paeonol as the reference，the HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of Duzhong butiansu pills （S1-S12） were established with Similarity Evaluation System for TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）； common peaks were determined and the similarity was evaluated. The chromatographic peaks were identified by comparing with the reference substance. SPSS 21.0 and SIMCA 13.0 software were used for cluster analysis and principal component analysis ，and 22 common peaks were evaluated. The contents of the identified components in 12 batches of samples was determined by the above HPLC method. RESULTS ：A total of 22 common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprint of 12 batches of Duzhong butiansu pills ，and the similarity was no loss than 0.960. There were 7 chemical components identified ，which were gallic acid （peak 1），chlorogenic acid （peak 3），liquiritoside（peak 6），hyperoside （peak 7），verbascoside（peak 8），icariin（peak 14）and paeonol （peak 15）. Among the 12 batches of samples ，S1，S3-S5，S7， S9 and S 11 were classified as one category ，S2，S10 and S 124Y091 were clustered into one category ，S6 was one category and S was one category. The 22 common peaks were divided into three principal components. The characteristic value （15.130） and contribution rate （68.775％） of principal component 1 were the largest ，and the score coefficients of peak 3（0.305）and peak 4（0.298）were the highest. Among 12 batches of samples，the cont ents of above 7 components were 18.196 231.951 3，0.000 6-0.049 4，0.234 8-0.415 9，0.039 5-0.079 1，0.053 5-0.249 3，0.000 5-0.000 8，0.646 4-1.146 9 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS：HPLC fingerprint of Duzhong butiansu pills is established successfully. Twelve batches of samples are clustered into 4 category. Peak 3（chlorogenic acid ）and peak 4（unknown）may be the important factors causing the difference of samples. The content of gallic acid is the highest among the 7 components.

In this study, the changes of bullatine A in plasma and skin of mice with time in microemulsion gel and ordinary gel of Aconitum brachypodum total alkaloids were compared through UPLC-MS/MS, and their pharmacokinetic parameters were also compared and analyzed, to investigate the feasibility of microemulsion agent in the transdermal drug delivery. UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of bullatine A in plasma and skin had high sensitivity and was in line with the pharmacokinetic study requirements for transdermal drug delivery. The main pharmacokinetic parameters for microemulsion gel in the plasma were as follows: Cmax=(37.62±14.31) μg•L⁻¹, Tmax=(3.40±1.34) h, AUC0-∞=(1 027.7±260) μg•L⁻¹•h⁻¹, MRT=(34.80±12.31) h, MRTlast=(10.68±0.57) h, t1/2=(23.11±9.20) h; main pharmacokinetic parameters for ordinary gel in the blood: Cmax=(52.23±15.90) μg•L⁻¹, Tmax=(4.00±0.00) h, AUC0-∞=(728.60±280.80) μg•L⁻¹•h⁻¹, MRT=(20.69±3.98) h, MRTlast=(9.34±0.42) h, t1/2=(14.69±3.15) h. The results showed that the microemulsion gel had more stable transdermal absorption, longer duration of action and higher bioavailability than ordinary gel, indicating that the microemulsion gel had a good and stable transdermal effect. There was no significant difference in bioavailability of bullatine A in skin between microemulsion gel and ordinary gel.