Objective To assess the characteristics of different doses of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury,further to understand mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were first randomly divided into two groups:control group (n =6) and AKI group (n =12).Then,AKI group was subsequently divided into other two groups according to different dose of cisplatin (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg).AKI group received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin.All mice were sacrificed after 72 h of injection.Renal biochemical function,renal pathological changes,renal injury markers,kidney mitochondrial function and structural changes were observed.Results (1) After 72 hours of injection,the AKI group performed significant kidney injury changes compared to control group,thereinto 20 mg/kg group was more serious than 10 mg/kg group.With the cisplatin dose increasing,renal function markers such as serum creatinine,urine protein gradually increased.(2)Kidney biopsy showed tubular structural damage,the formation of protein casts,kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) gradually increased(P ＜ 0.05).(3)Electron microscopy found tubular mitochondrial structural damage,mtDNA copy number decreased,the level of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α),ATP synthase β decreased(P ＜ 0.05),and Western blotting manifested cytochrome C was released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm.These data all exhibited significant difference between different groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cisplatin induces acute kidney injury in dose-dependent manner.Mitochondrial dysfunction participates in kidney injury,and is also related to the kidney pathological damage.

Objective To evaluate 99mTc-ciprofloxacin (Infecton) scintigraphy as a method for detecting secondary infections associated with ANP in swine,in comparison with CT.MethodsTwenty-eight healthy swine were randomly assigned to control group (n =6),non-infected ANP (n =6) and infected ANP group( n =16).ANP model was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate and pancreatic protease mixture into the biliary and pancreatic duct.Two days after ANP induction,swine in infected ANP group were injected with 3 x 108 E.coli into pancreatic tissue,while swine in non-infected ANP group were injected with inactivated E.coli.At 7 d after inoculation,at 0.5,1,2,3,4,and 6 h after intravenous administration of 370 MBq of Infecton,SPECT scan was performed.Then 64-slice spiral CT scan was performed.Then swine were sacrificed,and histopathology examination and bacterial culture of pancreatic tissue were performed.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two methods to detect secondary infections were determined.ResultsThere were no abnormality in the normal pancreas and the bacterial culture was negative.There were pancreatic necrosis in the non-infected ANP group,but the bacterial culture was negative.There were pancreatic necrosis and infection in the infected ANP group and the bacterial culture was positive.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Infecton method were 93.8％ ( 15/16 ),91.7％ ( 11/12 ),92.9％ ( 26/28 ),93.8 ％(15/16) and 91.7％ ( 11/12),whereas these values for CT were 12.5％ (2/16),100.0％ ( 12/12),50.0％(14/28),100.0％ (2/2) and 46.2％ (12/26),respectively.The sensitivity,accuracy,and negative predictive value of the Infecton method were significantly higher than those in CT group (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionsInfecton scintigraphy may be a better procedure for detecting ANP secondary infections than CT.

Objective To investigate the correlativity between elasticity modulus and pathological severity in chronic pancreatitis (CP).Methods Twenty-one pigs were divided randomly into experimental group (n=18) and control group (n=3) using random number method.The main pancreatic duct (MPD) was incompletely ligated to establish the CP model.In control group, MPD was not ligated.The animals were killed in batches at 4th, 8th and 12th week after surgery.The pancreatic tissue was taken for elasticity modulus test and pathological examination, and the pigs were classified into control, mild, moderate and severe groups based on the severity of fibrosis.Cell density, fat infiltration and extracellular edema were observed and classified into mild and severe.The difference of elasticity modulus among different groups were compared by Variance analysis, the correlation between pancreatic fibrosis and elastic modulus was analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis, and ROC curve was used to evaluate its efficacy of diagnosing CP.Results Sixteen CP models were established successfully expected for 2 deaths (mild, n=7;moderate, n=2 and severe, n=7).All of the control group (n=3) showed normal pancreas.The elasticity modulus of control, mild and moderate to severe group were 0.4268±0.0566, 0.3203±0.0518 and 0.2235±0.0685, respectively.The difference between the groups was statistically significant (F=13.658,P<0.01), and the elastic modulus and pathological grade had a negative correlation (r=0.969, P<0.01).AUC of elasticity modulus for differentiating normal and mild CP was 1.000, the best critical value was 0.3807, and both the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were 100%.AUC for differentiating mild and moderate to severe CP was 0.8730, the best critical value was 0.2646, and the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were 85.7% and 77.8%, respectively.The pancreatic elasticity modulus of low parenchymal cell density group and high parenchymal cell density group were 0.1931±0.0373 and 0.3485±0.0655, respectively, which in the high cell density group was significantly higher than that in the low cell density group (t=-5.719, P<0.01).The elasticity modulus of negative infiltration or slight fatty infiltration group and severe fatty infiltration group were 0.3401±0.0697 and 0.1855±0.0344, respectively, which in the negative infiltration or slight infiltration group was significantly higher than that in severe infiltration group (t=5.102, P<0.01).The elasticity modulus of negative or mild cell edema group and moderate to severe cell edema group were 0.2760±0.0825 and 0.3024±0.1056, respectively;there was no statistically significant(t=-0.586, P >0.05).Conclusions The elasticity modulus can be used to detect the pathological changes of CP, and evaluate the CP pathologic grades.

Objective To investigate the correlativity between secretin-stimulated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (sMRCP) findings and pathological severity in a swine chronic
pancreatitis (CP) model. Methods Thirty-nine swine were divided randomly into control group (n=12) and experimental group (n= 27). In experimental group, the main pancreatic duct (MPD) was incompletely ligated to establish the model of obstructive CP. In control group, laparotomy was performed but without ligating the MPD. At the 4th, 8th and 12th week after modeling, one third swine of each group were undergone a series of dynamic sMRCP scans before (0 min) and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 min after administration of secretin (0.6 μg/kg). And the MPD diameter and duodenum filling (DF) degree were measured. All survivals were sacrificed to pathological examination including HE and Van Gieson staining for histopathological grading. According to pathological severity, swine were divided into normal group, mild CP group and moderate to severe CP group. MRI features and indexes, including baselined diameter (BD), end diameter (ED), maximum diameter (MD), the largest expansion rate (LER), time to peak (Tpeak) and end change rate of pancreatic duct and duodenal filling (DF) scores were measured. The relationships between pathological grading and sMPCP indexes were analysed. The comparison of sMRCP data among the 3 groups were used ariance analysis, χ2 test and U test. Correlations between sMPCP indexes and pathological severity were tested using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. The diagnostic efficiency of sMRCP indexes were evaluated by ROC method. Results (1) In experimental group, 22 CP models were established and 19 CP swine (mild CP, n= 8; moderate and severe CP, n=11) were performed sMRCP successfully. Eleven swine in normal group were obtained satisfactory MRCP images. (2) sMRCP results:BD of 3 groups were (1.56 ± 0.46),(2.95 ± 1.17),(7.41 ± 1.91) mm, respectively. ED were (1.49 ± 0.31),(2.96 ± 1.17) and (7.37±1.90) mm, respectively. MD were (2.39±0.43),(3.91±1.27) and (7.86±1.87)mm, respectively. The median of LER were 42.10%, 34.85% and 6.58%, respectively. The median of DF scores were 3, 3, 2, respectively. The differences of above indexes have statistically significance (P values were all<0.01). There were correlation between sMRCP indexes (BD, ED, MD, LER and DFscores) and pathological severity (r values were 0.89, 0.92, 0.90,-0.85,-0.66, respectively and P values were all<0.01). Tpeak and end change rate of pancreatic duct had no significant differences (P values were>0.05),and no correlation with pathological severity(P values were all>0.05).For differential diagnosis between normal and mild CP, the area under ROC of BD, ED, MD, LER and DFscores were 0.915, 0.977, 0.926, 0.778 and 0.472, respectively and differential diagnosis between mild CP and moderate to severe CP group, the area under ROC were 0.966,0.966,0.960,1.000 and 0.915, respectively. Conclusions sMRCP findings of CP have characteristics and could be used for in vivo evaluation on the CP pathologic grades.

Objective To explore the application of time series autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) based on seasonal difference to predict the number of syphilis cases in Anhui Province, and to provide a reference for early warning and control of syphilis. Methods Using R 3.6.2 software, the number of syphilis cases in Anhui Province from January 2004 to December 2016 was used for model fitting, and the resulting model was used to predict the incidence from January to December 2017. The difference between the predicted value and actual observed value was compared to evaluate the prediction effect of this model fitting. Results The incidence of syphilis in Anhui Province was on the rise with obvious periodicity. ARIMA(1,1,1)(0,1,2)₁₂ was the optimal model, with the AIC being -264.81 and the BIC being -249.99. Box-Pierce test showed that λ² value was 1.444(P=0.963), 10.459(P=0.576), and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), indicating that the residual sequence was white noise. The model accuracy effect evaluation showed that the MAE was 0.06, the RMSE was 0.09, and the MAPE was 1.00%, indicating that the model fitting effect was good. The 2017 data was used to test the effect of the model extrapolation, and the results showed MAPE=6.09%, indicating that the model extrapolation effect was good. The actual value fell within 95% confidence interval of the predicted value, and the model prediction effect was relatively ideal. Conclusion The ARIMA(1,1,1)(0,1,2)₁₂ model could better fit and predict the number of syphilis cases in Anhui Province, which may provide a theoretical basis for early warning, prevention and control of syphilis.

Objective:To establish the biology reference interval (RI) of peripheral blood procalcitonin (PCT) for children between 3 days and 6 years old in China.Methods:Totally 3 353 reference individuals with apparent health or no specific diseases were recruited in 18 hospitals throughout the country during October 2020 to May 2021. Reference individuals were divided into four groups: 3-28 days, 29 days - 1 year, 1-3 years and 4-6 years. Vein blood or capillary blood were collected by percutaneous puncture from every reference individual. The PCT level in serum and the capillary whole blood were assayed by Roche Cobas e601 and Norman NRM411-S7 immunoanalyzer. Outliers were deleted and 95th percentiles of every group were provided as RIs. Man-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test were used performed to assess the difference among different gender, age or method groups. Results:The difference of PCT distribution between male and female is not statistically significant, but the difference between serum and capillary whole blood is statistically significant. The differences between age groups are significant too. For Roche e601, serum PCT RI of 3-28 days group is <0.23 μg/L, 29 days - 6 years are <0.11 μg/L. For NRM411, Serum PCT RI of 3-28 days group is <0.21 μg/L, 29 days - 1 year: <0.09 μg/L, 1 - 6 years: <0.10 μg/L. For whole blood PCT, RI of 3-28 days group is <0.26 μg/L, 29 days - 6 years is <0.15 μg/L.Conclusions:Serum and capillary whole blood PCT have different RIs, however, capillary whole blood PCT testing is valuable in pediatric application. Children in 3-28 days show higher PCT levels than other age group. To establish the RIs and understand the differences among different groups are essential for the interpretation and clinical application of peripheral blood PCT testing results.

Objective:To explore the performance of the commonly used whole blood C-reactive protein (CRP) detection systems and give related recommendation on the performance requirements of detection systems.Methods:A total of 7 540 venous blood samples from 26 maternal, child and children′s hospitals were collected to conduct this multi-center study on the analytical performance of 5 commonly used whole blood CRP detection systems from March to April in 2019. The blank check, carryover, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, sample stability, influence of hematocrit/triglyceride/bilirubin, comparison with SIEMENS specific protein analyzer and trueness were evaluated. The 5 systems included BC-5390CRP autohematology analyzer, AstepPLUS specific protein analyzer, Ottoman-1000 Automated Specific Protein POCT Workstation, i-CHROMA Immunofluorometer equipment Reader and Orion QuikRead go detecting instrument. The 5 systems were labeled as a, b, c, d and e randomly.Results:Within the 5 systems, all values of blank check were less than 1.00 mg/L, the carryovers were lower than 1.00%. The repeatability of different ranges of CRP concentrations including 3.00-10.00, 10.00-30.00 and>30.00 mg/L were less than 10.00%, 6.00% and 5.00%, respectively, and the intermediate precision was less than 10.00%. The linearity correlation coefficients of the 5 systems were all above 0.975, while the slope was within 0.950-1.050. Whole blood samples were stable within 72 hours both at room temperature (18-25 ℃) and refrigerated temperature (2-8 ℃). The CRP results were rarely influenced by high triglyceride or bilirubin, except for the immmunoturbidimetric test based on microparticles coated with anti-human CRP F(ab) 2 fragments. When triglyceride was less than 15.46 mmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. When bilirubin was less than 345.47 μmol/L, the deviation of CRP was less than 10.00%. CRP was more susceptible to Hct on the systems without Hct correction. The deviation of CRP between different Hct dilution concentration and 40% dilution concentration can reach as high as 67.48%. The correlation coefficients ( r) of 5 systems were all more than 0.975 in the range of 0-300.00 mg/L compared with Siemens specific protein analyzer. All systems passed the trueness verification using the samples with specified values of 12.89 and 30.60 mg/L. Conclusion:The performance of 5 systems can basically meet the clinical needs, but it is suggested that the whole blood CRP detection system without automatic Hct correction should be modified manually.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a unique subtype of chronic pancreatitis, which shares many clinical presentations with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). The misdiagnosis of AIP often leads to unnecessary pancreatic resection. F-FDG positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) could provide comprehensive information on the morphology, density, and functional metabolism of the pancreas at the same time. It has been proved to be a promising modality for noninvasive differentiation between AIP and PDA. However, there is a lack of clinical analysis of PET/CT image texture features. Difficulty still remains in differentiating AIP and PDA based on commonly used diagnostic methods. Therefore, this paper studied the differentiation of AIP and PDA based on multi-modality texture features. We utilized multiple feature extraction algorithms to extract the texture features from CT and PET images at first. Then, the Fisher criterion and sequence forward floating selection algorithm (SFFS) combined with support vector machine (SVM) was employed to select the optimal multi-modality feature subset. Finally, the SVM classifier was used to differentiate AIP from PDA. The results prove that texture analysis of lesions helps to achieve accurate differentiation of AIP and PDA.
Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Algorithms ; Autoimmune Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatitis ; diagnostic imaging ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Support Vector Machine