objective: To study the metal ceramic bond of reused surplus alloy of a precious metal ceramic alloy. Methods: The samples in control group for reused surplus alloy were treated by only remelting without adding any fresh alloy up to four generations, those in the test group by adding one third fresh alloy in each generation and up to four generations. Metal ceramic bond strength of the samples was surveied by pull shear test. Results: In control group, the pull shear bond strength (MPa) from generation Ⅰto Ⅳcastings was 47.53?2.02, 33.23?2.03, 25.08?1.88 and 14.61?1.56 respectively( P

Localization of 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in thyroid follicular cells and endothelium was examined by cytochemical methods for electron microscopy. In thyroid follicular cells reaction product deposition associated with 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was localized at the plasma membrane. In these cells, the enzyme activity appeared mostly localized on the apical and lateral plasma membrane, and also appeared on the outer surface of nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. However, when cAMP and snake venom were omitted simultaneously, no enzyme activity was observed. 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity also appeared on the luminal surface of endothelium of small blood vessels.

Hypertension is a kind of chronic disease effecting many population, and its prevalence has a rising trend with the age. It keeps in a increasing trend in chinese population, and follows high rates of prevalence, mortality, morbidity and three low rates of wareness, treatment, control. Hypertension is caused by a number of factors, and its incidence is closely related with unhealthy diets. Its incidence may be decreasing gradually by changing lifestyles, taking healthy and reasonable diet. To provide some basic data of healthy lifestyles and diet for people, describe and summarize the relation of hypertension and diets in this article.

Objective To investigate the impaired characteristics of working memory in Parkinson's disease patients with depression and the recovery status of working memory after antidepressant treatment.methods Totally 60 cases were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups:30 Parkinson's disease patients with depression (PD-D),15 Parkinson's disease patients without depression (PD) and 15 persons without Parkinson's disease as normal controls.All subjects were evaluated with Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-R) audio-visual span,Tower of Hanoi (TOH) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).30 PD-D patients were randomly divided into two subgroups:routine treatment subgroup (8 weeks levodopa therapy) and antidepressant combined treatment subgroup (8 weeks levodopa + citalopram therapy).The evaluation of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),WMS-R audio-visual span,TOH and WCST were performed on these two groups before and after treatment.Result s① There were significant differences comparing PD-D and PD groups with the normal control group in scores of WMS-R,TOH and WCST indicators (P<0.05).There were significant differences in WMS-R visual span,accuracy rate and speed of TOH,as well as the percent errors and percent perseverative responses of WCST comparing PD-D group(11.88±5.91,0.420±0.345,0.408±0.334,0.882±0.253,0.565±0.229) with PD group (15.87±5.21,0.768±0.167,0.634±0.232,0.493±0.161,0.327±0.122) (P<0.05).② Before and after treatment in PD-D routine treatment subgroup,there were significant differences in digital memory and audio-visual memory of WMS-R((6.73±3.72,5.95±3.13) vs (3.77±2.16,1.91±1.58)),accuracy rate of TOH(0.45±0.26 vs 0.23±0.13),as well as percent errors((-0.58±0.17) vs (-0.37±0.14)),percent perseverative responses((-0.32±0.15) vs (-0.14±0.09)),percent conceptual level responses(0.38±0.09 vs 0.13±0.07) and number of categories completed(3.27±1.56 vs 1.06±0.91) of WCST(P<0.05).③ After 4-week treatment and 8-week treatment,there were significant differences in HAMD score comparing PD-D antidepressant combined treatment group(16.33±2.72,10.27±2.66) with PD-D routine treatment group(21.73±2.28,18.4±2.47) (P<0.05).Conclusion Comparing Parkinson's disease patients without depression,the impaired working memory is more serious and extensive in Parkinson's disease patients with depression.Antidepressant treatment can improve the working memory of Parkinson's disease patients with depression.

Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) in the VX2 hepatic tumor.Methods 30 New Zealand white rabbit VX2 liver carcinoma models(all the tumors were verified by histopathology)were set up.The expressions of MMP-2 in 30 cases of VX2 tumor tissues and their pericarcinomatous tissues and normal hepatic tissues in 20 cases were detected by immunohistochemical staining with SP method at 2.5 weeks after implantation.The cell number of MMP-2 positive expression was counted by immunohistochemical stain.Results According to immunohistochemical results,the positiveness of MMP-2 was 86.7%(26/30) in tumor tissues and 53.3%(16/30) in pericarcinomatous tissues and no expressions of MMP-2 in normal hepatic tissues.The expression of MMP-2 were mainly in the tumor cytoplasm and intercellular substance,and also in the part of the tumor thrombi,the bile vessel epithelial cell and vascular endothelial cell.Conclusion The features of the expression of MMP-2 are similar to that of human HCC,and this model is a real animal model for clinical MMP-2 study of human HCC.

Objective To explore the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( TACE ) on the apoptosis proteins fas,bax,and bcl-xl in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . Methods Sixty-three cases with HCC proved by histopathologically were studied, which included 42 cases treated with surgical resection alone,and 21 cases underwent TACE . The expressions of fas,bax,bcl-2 and bcl-xl were detected with immunohistochemical SP method .Results The positive rate of fas was 47.62% ( 10/21 ) in HCCs treated with TACE,and 21.43%(9/42) in those treated with surgical resection alone, there was significantly difference between the two groups(?0.05). Conclusion TACE can increase the expression of fas and decrease the expression of bcl-xl, it can increase the rate of apoptosis of HCC, make HCC lesion contract. The effect of TACE to bax need more research.

Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy of pelvic floor electrical stimulation (PFES) and pelvic floor training (PFT) for female with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods PFES and PFT were performed on 70 women (average age 40±7 years old) with IDO and SUI for twelve weeks. Urinary diary, International Continence In-quiring Committee's Questionnaire (ICI-Q-SF) scores were recorded and urodynamic study was per-formed before and after the treatment. Results Fifty women (71%) finally completed treatment for twelve weeks. Urinary incontinence disappeared in 8 (16%), detrusor overactivity disappeared in 10 (20 %). The leakage was not found in 6 (12 %) in leakage point pressure measurement. Moreover, the frequency of voiding (28±5 times/72 h), frequency of leakage (10±5 times/72 h), total scores of ICI-Q-SF(10±3), max detrusor uninhibited contraction pressure (18±8 cmH20) and detrusor unin-hibited contraction duration (8±3 s) were significantly lower than those before treatment (43±8 times/72 h, 20±6 times/72 h, 17±3, 27±9 cm H2O and 13±6s,P<0.01). Maximal voided vol-ume(225±48 ml), normal desired cystometric capacity (210±48 ml), maximal cystometric capacity (247±48 ml), Valsalva leak point pressure (94±11 cm H2O) and maximal urethral closure pressure (59±8 cm H2O) were significantly higher than those before treatment (159±37 ml, 141±39ml, 178±36ml, 81±15 cm H2O and 55±8 cm H2O, P<0.01). The effective rate during three months follow up was 60%, similar to time after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor electrical stimulation and pelvic floor training could be a useful therapy to treat women with IDO and SUI. It is both convenient and economical.

BACKGROUND:Uremia patients have different degree of anemia before kidney transplantation, preoperative, and perioperative anemia is harmful to intraoperative and postoperative recovery of the organism and renal function. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of perioperative anemia degree and total blood transfusion on non-living and living-relative donor kidney transplantation, and to summarize the perioperative drug treatment for anemia and perioperative principles of blood transfusion. METHODS: A retrospective study was done in 115 cases of non-living donor kidney transplantation (test group) and 92 cases of living-relative donor kidney transplantation (control group) from January 2012 to December 2013. Degree of anemia, total perioperative blood transfusion, electrolyte change within 12 hours of blood transfusion, and adverse events after blood transfusion were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The incidence of anemia had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion rate was higher in the test group (P < 0.05), and the preoperative red blood cel level, hemoglobin level, hematokrit, average hemoglobin level, average concentration of hemoglobin, and average amount of blood transfusions were significantly lower in the test group (P< 0.05). Fever (5.5%) was the main adverse event during the transfusion in the two groups, and there was no severe severe alergic reaction and electrolyte acid-base disturbance. These findings suggest that the perioperative degree of anemia is higher in patients undergoing non-living donor kidney transplantation and those undergoing living-relative donor kidney transplantation; preoperative drug treatment for anemia is crucial for correcting anemia status; intraoperative and/or postoperative blood transfusion treatment should be in strict accordance with the principles of perioperative blood transfusion.

Objective To analyze the clinical effectiveness of using marginal donor kidney in living kidney transplant. Methods From November 2005 to June 2011,274 cases of living kidney transplant were performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The cases were divided into the marginal donors group ( Donor ages over 60 years old,suboptimal renal anatomy or physiology) of 66 cases and standard donors group of 208 cases.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The criteria of marginal donors were as follows:36 cases of donors with age over 60 yrs (6 cases with renal cysts and 1 case with renal calculus),22 cases of renal cysts ( with diameter range from 4 mm to 40 mm ),4 cases of renal calculus (with diameter range from 3 mm to 6 mm),4 cases of low GFR (under 35 ml/min.The mean recipients' serum creatinine before surgery and after surgery on day 3,day 7,month 1,month 3,month 6,month 12,related complications,the rate of acute rejection and delayed graft function,1 year,3 year recipient/kidney survival were compared between the 2 groups,respectively. Results The serum creatinine levels in the marginal donor group and standard donor group were (242.7 ± 132.2 vs 185.6 ± 148.4) and ( 156.7 ±86.8 vs 122.2 ± 136.8 ) on day 3,day 7 respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Nevertheless,there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in recipients' serum creatinines before surgery and after surgery on month 1,month 3,month 6,month 12,peri-operative complications,the rate of acute rejection and delayed graft function,1 year,3 year recipient/kidney survival (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Healthy old donors and donors with renal cyst (the diameter of renal cysts under 40mm) should not be the barriers to organ donation.To those living donors with low GFR,we should consider of donor age,donor/recipient body weight,donor/recipient body surface area and whether we could deal with the problem by surgical operation.Donor with renal calculus should be carefully evaluated.

Objective To analyze clinical outcome of kidney transplantation from elderly livingrelated donors. Methods The clinical data of living-related kidney transplantation between November 2005 to June 2011 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analysed.The patients were divided into elderly donor kidney transplantation group (elderly group,36 cases) and non-elderly living related donor kidney transplantation group (nonelderly group,208 cases).The mean recipients' serum creatinines before and 3 days,7 days,1 month,3 month,6 month,12 month,24 month,36 month after surgery,peri-operation complications,the incidence rate of acute rejection,calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-induced renal toxicity,delayed graft function(DGF),1 year and 3 year recipient/kidney survival were compared respectively between the two groups. Results The serum creatinine levels were higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group at 3 days,7 days,1 month after surgery [(245.2±135.2)μmol/L vs.(185.6±148.4)μmol/L,(150.5±86.8)μmol/L vs.(122.2± 136.8)μmol/L,(140.6±42.5)μmol/L vs.(117.8±33.2)μmol/L,t =84.07,31.90,21.54; all P =0.000].In addition,the incidence rate of CNI induced renal toxicity was higher in the elderly group than in non-elderly group [22.2％(8/36)vs.1.9％(4/208),x2=27.04,P=0.000].Nevertheless,there were no significant differences between the two groups in recipients' serum creatinines before and 3 month,6 month,12 month,24 month,36 month after surgery,in peri-operation complications,the incidence rate of acute rejection,delayed graft function,and in 1 year and 3 year recipient/kidney survival (all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions With stringent screening and overall assessment of elderly donors,healthy elderly donors should not be barriers to organ donation.Renal toxicity of CNI agents should be carefully monitored in recipients of elderly donor.