Objective To evaluate the performance of different GFR equations in estimating renal function of people undertake health examination.Methods A total of 8 476 occupational physical examination population were selected.Serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,serum cystatin and urine routine of all cases were collected to be used to calculate eGFR through different GFR equations of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI)equation.,the equation based on cystatin C(Cys-EPI),the combined creatinine-cystatin C equation(CC-EPI),simplified MDRD equtation (a-MDRD),modified eGFR equation for Chinese pa-tients (c-MDRD).Results There was a significant correlation among physical examination population using different GFR equa-tions calculated results(P <0.01).But comparisons the means of eGFR calculated by different equations are statistical significant (P <0.01).Comparing with CKD-EPI,the eGFR calculated by c-MDRD is higher(P =8.7×10-263 ).The ratios of population,eG-FR<60 mL·min-1 ·1.73(m2 )-1 by different equations,have significant difference (P <0.01).And the ratio difference is more concentrated in the range Of 45-59 mL·min-1 ·1.73(m2 )-1 .Devide the populations into two groups,which are chronic kidney disease (CKD)and Non-CKD according to the standard of eGFR and Urine protein by CKD-EPI.Among CKD,the eGFR calculated by Cys-EPI,CC-EPI,c-MDRD are higher;but among non-CKD group,eGFR calculated by Cys-EPI,a-MDR are lower,the eGFR of c-MDRD is significantly higher,while the result of CC-EPI is most close to the CKD-EPI.Conclusion There were significant corre-lations between the different equations to calculate GFR among physical examination population.

Objective To examine the polymorphism in NPHS2 gene of IgA nephropathy in northern Chinese patients and to investigate the possible association of the NPHS2 polymorphism with the development of IgA nephropathy, as well as its clinical and histologic manifestations.Methods The polymorphism of NPHS2 was analyzed by direct DNA sequencing in 32 northern Chinese patients with IgA nephropathy (16 with heavy proteinuria and 16 with isolated hematuria).According to preliminary results, a total of 537 IgA nephropathy patients were genotyped for the NPHS2 C357T polymorphism by PCR combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We collected clinical and histologic manifestations for gene analysis in patients with IgA nephropathy, such as age, sex, urine protein excretion and so on.ResultsEight NPHS2 polymorphisms (-931A＞T, -601C ＞T, 19G＞T, 171A＞G, 357C ＞ T, IVS3-21C ＞ T, 1023C ＞ T and 1107A ＞ G) were identified.The preliminary results of gene sequencing showed that the frequency of 357T allele in nephrotic syndrome group was obviously lower than isolated hematuria group (0.038 vs 0.125, P ＜0.05).In 537 IgA nephropathy patients with clinical and histologic data, the average urinary protein excretion in the patients with the 357CT/TT genotype was less (P =0.023).The incidence of urinary protein of more than 3.5 g/d was significantly lower in patients with T allele and TT/CT genotype, respectively (P =0.017 and 0.011).The logistic regression analysis indicated that, even after adjusting for the effect of hypertension and age of patients, the CT/II genotype of NPHS2 C357T was an independent protective factor for the urinary protein excretion more than 3.5 g/d(P =0.012,OR = 0.485, 95％ CI 0.275-0.84).ConclusionsEight NPHS2 polymorphisms were identified in northern Chinese IgA nephropathy patients. The frequencies of NPHS2 T allele and TT/CT genotype were the protective factors for urinary protein, especially with that of more than 3.5 g/d.

Objective To explore the feasibility of hemochrome identification by micro spectrophotometer. Methods We use dip lotion by Centrifugation, reaction with modiifed takayama reagent,measured absorption spectra with a micro spectrophotometer to determine whether samples contain blood. On the basis of optimized parameters, we use diluted human hemoglobin to measure sensitivity of the method; using suspected blood / blood spots, and different storage time and matrix of blood spots to measure speciifcity and samples of adaptability. Result With micro spectroscopic method of hemochromogen,only blood (spot) has speciifc spectral consisting of three absorption peaks at 415,525 and 555nm and no cross suspected common blood / spot.Reaction 2 min, sample volume2.5ul, 1000-fold diluted human blood stably obtains primordial spectrum. By prolonging the immersion time, set the vehicle control, 10 years old blood gauze. Blood stains in colored cloth can be effective detective.. The height of absorption peaks and blood content were significantly corelated, and the change in absorbance at 525 and 555nm consistent trend (y=0.5232x+0.0274, R2=0.9971). Conclusion Micro spectroscopic method of hemochromogen has high sensitivity and speciifcity, quick and easy, can be incorporated into the DNA testing process. There is a good prospect in the actual seizure case. Instead of the traditional crystallization method for teaching, training requirements more in line with the skills and awareness for current students.

The mode of community home-based care with combination of medical care and elderly care is im-portant for promoting healthy aging. But now the services contents provided by community health service agencies were not clear, related system of policies and regulations were imperfect, human resources were insufficient and net-work of service resource was not perfect. All of these factors caused the service cannot met old people medical de-mands and the use for community health services is inadequate. So we should proposesupply-side reform on communi-ty health service to meet the medical demands for old people and even to stimulate new demand.

To explore novel non-opioid analgesic agents, 16 compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HR-MS. YX0611-1 was treated as the leading compound. The results of mice writhing model and hot plate model showed that compounds 2, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 15 had obvious analgesic activities in vivo. The test of affinity to mu, delta, kappa receptor displayed that active compounds didn't act on opioid receptor. The results of preliminary toxicity and pharmacokinetic tests showed that compound 7 had better safety and pharmacokinetic properties than that of YX0611-1, and it deserved further development.

Crush syndrome in patients rescued from earthquake is a complex clinical syndrome with many medical conditions.The most complications are hyperkalemia,acute kidney injury,shock,infection,ARDS,malnutrition and multiorgan dysfunction.Managing these critical issues appropriately is essential for effective treatment of the crush syndrome.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the level of 25 (OH )D and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (M HD) patients .Methods This study was a prospective cohort study .We enrolled 156 M HD patients of Sichuan people′s hospital dialysis center in July of 2010 .The patients were divided into three groups according to the level of 25(OH)D .The three groups were normal(25(OH)D>30 ng/mL) ,insufficient(15 ng/mL<25(OH)D≤30 ng/mL) and deficient(25(OH)D≤15 ng/mL) re‐spectively .All the patients were follow‐up 40 months ;the end point was all‐cause and cardiovascular death .Results After follow‐up 40 months ,there were 26 deaths (16 .7% ) and 13 cardiovascular deaths among the 156 cases .There were 15 deaths (30 .6% ) in in‐sufficient group ,among which there were nine cardiovascular deaths ;there were eight deaths (11 .6% ) in deficient group ,among which there were three cardiovascular deaths ;there were three deaths (7 .9% ) in normal group ,among which there was one cardio‐vascular death .There was statistically significance either between all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality of deficient and normal group or between deficient and insufficient group (P<0 .05) .The Kaplan‐Meier curve analysis showed 25(OH)D≤15 ng/mL was the independent risk factor of the all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality(P<0 .05) .Cox regression showed 25(OH)D≤15 ng/mL was the independent risk factor of the all‐cause mortality in crude analysis (RR=4 .43 ,95% CI:1 .28-15 .32 ,P<0 .05) and adjus‐ted analysis (RR=4 .92 ,95% CI 1 .23-19 .66 ,P<0 .05) .Cox regression showed 25(OH)D≤15 ng/mL was the risk factor of the cardiovascular mortality in crude analysis(RR=8 .12 ,95% CI:1 .04 -64 .15 ,P=0 .047) .Conclusion 25(OH)D≤15 ng/mL was the risk factor and predictor of the all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in M HD patients .

Objective To develop a simplified bisulfite genomie sequencing(BGS)method for DNA methylation marker scanning.Methods According to modified BGS protocol,the desalt DNA treated with bisulfite were directly used for bisulfite-PCR(BSP)without alkali treatmenL Complement of the bisulfite modification Wag accomplished by a prolonged pre-denaturation stage.After BSP,a second round PCR was performed with a pair of GC tagged primers to adjust the GC content of the amplieon for direct sequencing.To assess this improved protocol,promotor methylation of TNF-α gene in 3T3-L1 cell and androgen receptor(AR)gene in Hela cell was investigated.The real time BSP for Alu was also used to compare the sensitivity of the modified assay with traditional assay.Results Both the hypermethylated TNF-α promotor and hypomethylated AR promotor were successfully sequenced by improved BGS method,and the results were consistent with that of the traditional assay.The conversion rate reached 100%,while the conversion specificity was higher than 93.75%.The sensitivity of improved BGS method inereaged significantly(t=2.978 2,P＜0.05)and showed good reproducibility.Condusion The improved BGS method is simple and sensitive,facilitating more ambitious genomic methyhtion mapping studies.

Objective To explore the feasibility of "coffee ring" effect in DNA high-throughput evaluation. Methods we mixed uniformly DNA solution and EB solution, then dripped different size of droplets on 5 kinds of substrates. After evaporation, the coffee ring was observed and photographed with LG2020 gel imaging analysis system. Analyzed the correlation among ring formation conditions,ring fluorescence intensity and DNA concentration, and looked for the sensitivity and applicable range of the method. Result DNA - EB solution can form fluorescent ring after surface evaporation on the slide, transparent polystyrene plate carrier and so on. The DNA detection limit can be up to 2ng/μl. DNA concentration and loop integral optical density fitting Logistic equation(R2=0,999) within 2ng/μl~1000ng/μl. Conclusion The coffee ring method is simple, fast and low equipment requirement,which can be used for high-throughput evaluation of DNA solution.

Objective To investigate the influences of drop components on the"coffee ring" test of DNA. Methods The DNA-EB drops containing SDS, NaCl, etc, were evaporated on glass slides. After evaporation, the fluorescent Deposition Pattern (DP) and Integrated Optical Density (IOD) was acquired with a gel imaging system. The dose-effect relationship was analyzed. Result When the non-DNA components concentration is low, the DP was still characteristiced by peripheral rings, subtle component-specific differences, such as tree-ring like structure and radial crack, existed. At high concentrations, DP was various, which may be ring + scattered dots (NaCl), central spot + small weak ring (SDS), concentric/tree-ring (TritonX-100) or ring + spot (H+), et al. Non-DNA components had little effect on IOD(0.5~2 times). Conclusion Non-DNA components in DNA-EB drops influences both the DP and IOD, but rough estimation of DNA concentrations is still effective. Moreover, analyzing the DP can provide more informations about sample purity and residue.