Objective: To study amnesia and EEG changes caused by midazolam during epidural and spinal anesthesia. Method: Forty cases with epiduraI anesthesia were divided randomly into 4 groups in double-blind method. 0.15mg/kg and 0.10mg/kg midazolam,0.20mg/kg diazepam and 2ml normal saline were administered respectively and intramuscularly 30 min before anesthesia. The changes of EEG before and after the administration,sedation degree,the amnesia rate and degree for the procedures of anesthesia and the psychological state after operation were observed synchronously. Result: The sedation degree was in accordance with amnesia effect after intramuscular midazolam. The amnesia rate caused by 0.10mg/kg midazolam was 70%,but 90% of them was part amnesia. 0.15mg/kg midazolam produced 100% total amnesia. In midazolam groups,the ? and ? relative powers were increased,but the 6 and ? relative powers were decreased greatly. There were no obvious changes on the Pa and Nb waves in four groups. Conclusion: Intramuscular midazolam can completely prevent the patient from recalling for the process of anesthesia in dose-dependent way. The effective site of anterograde amnesia of midazolam is not located at cortical hut at the hippocampus and thalamus. This kind of amnesia belong to axis amnesia

Objective To explore if the tumor cell can up-regulate the proliferation of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. Methods Lymphoma cell EL-4 supernatant was combined with the normal mise spleen lymphocyte. After cultured 72 hours, CD4+CD25+ subset were analyzed by flow cytometry and the gene expression level of the specific marker Foxp3 were tested by RT-PCR. The experiment repeated three times. Results The supematant derived from EL-4 can increase the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in normal mouse spleen lymphocytes than that of the control group. Moreover, when added the CD3 McAb with EL-4 supematant together, the number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells increased. The level of corresponding Foxp3 mRNA also increased. Conclusion These data suggested that in the supernatant may occur immune regulatory factors which up-regulated the number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and indicated that the tumorigenesis can facilitate proliferation of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells.

Objective To construct a scientific and feasible evaluation indicator system of health education effect of our country′s hospitalized patients with diabetes. Methods On the basis of literature review and semi-structured interview combined with group discussion, alternative index system were determined,and then the Delphi method were used for two round consultation with 30 diabetes experts to finally determine indicator evaluation system. Results Positive coefficient of the two rounds consultation were 86.7% (26/30) and 100.0% (26/26) respectively, experts′ authority coefficient was 0.889,and the Kendall W coefficients of concordance were 0.447,0.369 and 0.302 respectively (P<0.01). The evaluation indicator system of health education effect was consisted of 6 fisrt-level indicators, 24 second-level indicators and 55 third-level indicators. Conclusions The evaluation indicator system of health education effect is reliable and scientific, which can provide objective and quantitative standards for health education effect of hospitalized patients with diabetes in our country.

Observation had been made on two male adults' hearts.Under electron microscopy,it is found that the A-V node consists of three types of cells,i.e.P cells,transitional cells and Purkinje cells.Because the specimen was cut from the central part of the A-V node, therefore the general myocardial cells were not observed.One of characteristics distingui- shed from the sino-atrial node is the presence of a few Purkinje cells in the A-V node.The number of P cells is far less than S-A node,and the transitional cells are predominant.In the interstitial tissues of the A-V node,the collagenous fibers are not so much as in S-A node but a numbers of capillarie,fibroblasts,mast cells and non-medul- lated nerve fibers can be seen.

Objective :To study the effects of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and human leukocyte antigen (HAL-DR) on the immunopathologic process of uveitis. Methods:Imn- munohistochemical techniques were applied to detect their expression in eyes of both the health (20 cases from eye bank) and patients with uveitis (54 cases with 54 eyes which included 33 ex- ogenous uveitis and 21 endogenous one). Results:Both the two ant igens were detectable in the choroidal and retinal tissues in eyes of uveitis while all the normal eyes showed negative expres- sion of ICAM-1 and negative or little expression of HLA-DR (P＜0. 01). However,there was no statistically significant difference between exogenous and endogenous types (P＞0. 05). Conclu- sion: Both ICAM-1 and HLA-DR may be responsible for cell recognition and binding in the in- flarnmatory tissues. The co-expression of ICAM-1 and HAL-DR showed that these two factors might play an important role in the immunologic damage of the choroid and retina in uveitis.

Objectives: To reveal the morphological features of the stratum corneum lipids in hairless mouse epidermis. Methods: Ruthenium tetroxide and osmium tetroxide were compared as post fixative in the preparation of hairless epidermis for transmission electron microscopic examination. Results: Both reagents reveled characteristic membrane coating granules within the granular layer. Whereas, the transformation of the membrane coating granule contents into multiple lamellae at the interface between the granular and cornified layers and the persistence of these lamellae through all levels of the stratum corneum were demonstrated only by ruthenium tetroxide fixation. Conclusions: The distinctive patterning of the intercellular lamellae reflects the nonrandom organization of the stratum corneum lipids. In addition, the ruthenium tetroxide postfixation technique is a useful method in the investigation of the morphological features of the stratum corneum lipids.

Objective To optimize enrichment and purification technology of total flavonoids from seed shell of Scutellaria baicalensis by macroporous resin.Methods Scutellarin was selected as the index,and its content was determined by HPLC.Types of macroporous resin were optimized by static adsorption elution tests.Enrichment and purification technology was investigated by orthogonal test and single-factor tests.Results AB-8 macroporous resin showed better effects than others.Optimum purification condition was as follows:sample concentration was 30.0 g · L-1,the best adsorption capacity was 0.3 g· g-1,adsorption velocity was 1.0 mL· min-1,diameter-height ratio was 1 ∶ 3,the eluting agent was 20 BV purified water,with the total polyphenols being desorbed by 5 BV of 70％ ethanol Conclusion The technology is scientific,simple and highly reproducible.It can be applied to enrich and purify total flavonoids from seed shell of Scutellaria baicalensis by macroporous resin.

The specimens were taken from two adults' hearts, thirty-four and twenty-eight years of age respectively. The A-V bundle was taken from the middle part of postero-inferior edge of the membranous part of the ventricular septum. The moderator band were cut from its superficial and deep part. The pseudochordae tendineae were collected from the left ventricle. All of the samples were fixed by 4％ glutaraldehyde. The chief results were as follows:There are many Purkinje cells in the A-V bundle, moderator band and pseudochordae tendineae. The shape of the Purkinje cells is broader and shorter than the ordinary myocardial cells. The myofibrils and myofiliments of the Purkinje cells are less than of those of the ordinary myocardial cells. The mitochondria of the Purkinje cells were often situated around the nucleus. In the A-V bundle, a few transitional cells and general myocardial cells may be observed. Therefore the His bundle may be consisted of Purkinje cells transitional cells and a few general myocardial cells. Our findings are not in accordance with that of Glomset et al. They observed that the A-V bundle only consisted of the general ventricle myocardial cells. The intercalated discs present between the Purkinje ceils in the A-V bundle were not typical. Besides the intercalated discs, we observed two sorts of the junction types in the A-V bundle: (1) An intercalated disc was observed between a branch of a transitional cell and the lateral surface of the other adjacent transitional cell. (2) Through the collagenous septum, there was a junction between a transverse branch of transitional cell and opposite transitional cell.

To explore the influences of pregnancy and iodine intake on thyroid function and immune functions, 210 pregnant women and 290 fertile women were chosen from iodine excess area, and the average ages of them were (27. 69±4. 73 )and (30. 62±6. 01 )years respectively. Fasting blood and urine were collected in the morning. The urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic contact. Serum free triiodothyronine ( FT3 ), free thyroxine ( FT4 ), and sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone ( sTSH ) levels were measured by chemiluminescence.Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb)were measured by radioimmunoassay. The median urinary iodine in the pregnant and fertile women were I 240. 70 and 949. 21 μg/L, respectively. There were 84. 3% pregnant women and 81.0% fertile women admitting excess iodine intake. The prevalence of overall thyroid diseases was 22. 9% in the pregnant women and 30. 3% in the fertile women. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism,subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism was0. 5%, 1.9%, 0. 5%, and 20. 0% in the former group, and 2. 8%, 0. 3%, 0. 3%, and 26. 9% in the latter. Both FT3 and FT4 levels of the pregnant women were lower than those of fertile women [(4. 03±0. 59 vs 4. 71 ± 1.04)pmol/L, ( 13. 35 ± 1.59 vs 14. 27 ±3.63 )pmol/L,both P＜0. 01], and the positive rate of TGAb of pregnant women was also lower than that of fertile women (7. 1% vs14. 1%, P=0. 014). The prevalence of thyroid diseases and positive rate of thyroid autoantibodies is high in women with excess iodine intake. Compared with fertile women, pregnancy may lead to decreas~s in level of thyroid hormones and positive rate of TGAb. Their iodine intake should be controlled, and the thyroid function and autoimmunity antibodies should be monitored.

Objective To further clarify the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features, and prognostic aspect of a rare esophageal carcinoma, i.e., basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC).Methods The archival materials of 763 cases of esophageal malignancies (1977-1996) from the Dept. of Pathology, General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, PLA, were reviewed and sixteen cases (2.1%) of BSC were detected. The clinical and pathological features of these cases were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (S-P method), histochemical staining, and electron microscope were utilized to further characterize the neoplasm.Results There were 9 males and 7 females, with a mean age of 58 years. The tumors were classified as stage Ⅰ (n=1), stage ⅡA (n=6), stage ⅡB (n=2), stage Ⅲ (n=5), and stage Ⅳ (n=2) according to the criteria of the UICC TNM classification system of malignant tumors (1987). Most neoplasms in our series were located in the middle third of the esophagus. Grossly, they had an appearance similar to that of conventional esophageal carcinoma. Histologically, they showed a typical cytoarchitectural pattern of BSC. The most important histologic feature of this tumor was that the carcinoma had a basaloid pattern, intimately associated with squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia, or focal squamous differentiation. The basaloid cells were round or oval in shape with scant cytoplasm. The nuclei showed pleomorphism, hyperchromatin, and numerous mitotic figures. The basaloid cells were arranged mainly in the form of solid, smooth-contoured lobules with peripheral palisading. Comedo necrosis in the islands of basaloid cells, small cystic spaces containing Alcian blue or PAS positive material, and PAS positive hyalinized stroma were frequently found. A panel of immunostains were used for the basaloid component of the tumor with the following results: cytokeratin (Pan),14/16 (+); epithelial membrane antigen, 16/16 (+); Vimentin, 4/16 (+); S-100 protein, 7/16 (+). Carcinoembryonic antigen and smooth muscle actin were negative. Electron microscopic (EM) study of 7 cases revealed that the basaloid cells are poorly differentiated, with a few desmosomes and fibrils and numerous free and polyribosome. The microcystic and intertrabecular spaces identified by light microscopy were seen under EM to be lined by basal membranes and filled with either loose reduplicated or compact globoid basal lamina showing fingerprint-like pattern. Of the 11 cases with adequate follow-up, 8 cases died within 2 years, the average survival time being 16.2 months. No cases of stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ, or Ⅳ survived beyond 5 years. The one-year survival rate was 60% and two-year 20%.Conclusion It is indicated that the BSC of the esophagus is a distinct clinicopathological entity with poor prognosis. The cellular differentiation and biologic behavior of the esophageal BSC were assumed to be situated between those of conventional squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.