The pricking wound which may lead to serious hurt and undesired consequences always happensduring the blood sampling course,but unfortunately it hasn't drawn enough attention from the public.China is aprevalent area for hepatitis,and what is more,AIDS also shows an increasing tendency in recent years.Bloodpollution by the pricking wound accounts for a major occupational pollution and infection reason for thehematogenously infectious diseases.Based on his practical work experience and real data,the author expounds thecauses and precautions of the pricking wounds and puts forward some relevant policies and suggestions as well.

Objective To investigate the easement degree of pain after the treatment of low back pain patients in 6 months after the operation.Methods To treat lumbar degenerative osteoarthritis (21cases),lumbar disc herniation(31 cases),Lumbar spinal stenosis assompanied with lumbar disc herniation(1 cases) with percutaneous radiofrequency-ablation,compare the JOA,VAS,Oswestry score of the patients before and at the just after operation,2 weeks,6weeks,3 months,6 months after operation.Results The JOA score of patients after operation rise obviously than that of patients before operation,and VAS and Oswestry score reduce obviously,they all have statiscal significance(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The pain of patients who suffered from discogenic low back pain,lumbar disc herniation is relieved by percutaneous radiofrequency-ablation,the quality of patients'life is heightened,all of above indicate that the treatment is an effective method for discogenic low back pain,lumber disc herniation.

The saccadic movement of patients with Parkinson's disease was abnormal and might be related to the severity of the disease.The abnormal saccadic movement was not related to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease directly,the accesses of controlling limbs' and eyes' movement are comparatively independent.

Objective Tc explore the value of application of Sevoflurane anesthesia induction in anesthesia management of foreign matter removal from trachea in children.Methods Sixty five cases of children with tracheal foreign matter related in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the study objects,and were divided into two groups according to random number table method.The control group of 32 cases was given 2.5 mg/kg propofol to induce anaesthesia,and the observation group of 33 cases was given 8％ Sevoflurane inhalation to induce ancsthesia.One shot success rate,deoxygenation time,operation time,recovery time and the relative parameters (systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,respiratory rate and pulse oxygen saturation) at entrance time,before and after setting the mirror were contrasted and analyzed,and the intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions were recorded in the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in respiratory rate,blood oxygen saturation,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between two groups at entrance time and before setting the mirror (P ＞ 0.05).The respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation of the observation group were higher than those of control group after setting the mirror and at withdrawing mirror time,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant differences in other indexes (P ＞ 0.05).Deoxygenation time,operation time and recovery time of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sevoflurane anesthesia induction can obviously shorten operation time and recovery time in foreign matter removal from trachea in children,and reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions.It has good clinical effect.

Objective To evaluate the eyeball movement examination on Parkinson' s disease (PD) and investigate their vestibular function.Methods Thirty healthy volunteers and 55 PD patients served as subjects.Thirty-one patients had bradykinesia, 23 patients had resting tremor at first visit and 1 had both.Electronystagmogram examinations were performed in all the subjects.The eyeball movment gain (G) of PD group was compared with controls and the difference between the bradykinesia group and resting tremor group was analyzed.Dissymmetry of the bilateral pursuit movement was investigated.Results The eyeball movement gains decreased in PD patients (Left G 0.79±0.10, Right G 0.78±0.11) significantly (U = 394.500, t = 3.547, P < 0.01) compared with controls (Left G 0.86±0.05, Right G 0.85±0.06).There was no difference (t = -0.100,2.005, P0.05) between the bradykinesia group (Left G 0.79± 0.14,Right G 0.74±0.14) and the resting tremor group ( Left G 0.79±0.06,Right G 0.81±0.07).The dissymmetry of the bilateral movement increased significantly (U = 755.500, P < 0.05) in PD group (1.03±0.97) than in controls (0.87±0.86).Conclusion The velocity of the eyeball movement has decreased in patients with PD.There is no difference of the pursuit gain between bradykinesia group and the resting tremor group.The bilateral vestibular function is involved dissymmetrically.

Objective To provide a scientific basis for early clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as secondary and tertiary protection through 10 years inquiry of multiple organ failure in the elderly(MOFE).Results Among 153 MOFE cases,the first inducement of 89.5%(137/153) patients was infection,among which 93.4% (128/137) was pulmonary infection.The vertical percentage of the first failure organ was as follows: pulmonary (39.0%,60/154),heart (19.5%,30/154),brain (14.9%,23/154),kidney (10.4%,16/154),alimentary canal (8.4%,13/154),liver (6.5%,10/154);while the horizontal percentage was as follows: pulmonary (42.9%,60/140),heart (40.9%,56/137),kidney (32.6%,30/92),brain (21.9%,23/105),alimentary canal ( 14.5%,9/62).The survival time of the first organ failure from shortness to length was as follows: pulmonary,brain,heart,kidney.Conclusions Most MOFE cases have pulmonary failure at first.The organs failure sequence is pulmonary,heart,brain and kidney in order.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between electrophysiology and pathology changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) rats and to assess the value of electrophysiology in diagnosis of DPN. Methods: Twenty-four healthy male SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin to induce DPN models and the rats were subsequently divided into 3 groups, namely, the DPN model group, the low dose Tong-Luo composite recipe (TLCR) group, and the high dose TLCR group. Rats in the latter 2 groups were lavaged with 2 ml double-distilled water containing 0.5 g/kg and 2 g/kg TLCR for 8 weeks, respectively. Antother 8 healthy rats were taken as normal controls. The motor conduction velocity (MCV), sensory conduction velocity (SCV), and potential latency and amplitude of caudal nerves were measured after 8 weeks in all rats. Morphometric quantitative analysis was also performed. Results: Compared with normal control group, the MCV, SCV, and potential amplitude of the caudal nerve in DPN model group were decreased, but the potential latency was increased. After TLCR treatment, the above indices were significantly improved and were close to those of the normal control group. SCV of the low dosage group was still significantly lower than that of normal control group (P

Objective To quantitatively analyze the palpebral fissure changes in the neostigrnine tests with videonystagmography.Methods Thirty-five patients with myasthenia gravis ( MG),21 non-MG patients and 23 healthy volunteers were intramuscular injected with neostigmine methylsulfate(0.02 mg/kg) and atropine(0.5 mg).The width of palpebral fissure was measured before and after the injection for one hour( once every 10 minutes).The differences of palpebral fissure width of each time point within each group and between groups were analyzed quantitatively with repetitive measure ANOVA.Results There was a significant difference of palpebral fissures (mm) width at different time points within the MG group( before the test:4.67 ± 1.87,after the test:10 min:0.88 ±0.96,20 min:1.49 ± 1.38,30 min:1.71 ± 1.53,40 min:1.77 ± 1.82,50 min:1.79 ± 1.52,60 min:1.62 ± 1.68 ; F =11.202,P =0.002).There were also significant changes of palpebral fissures width in the MG group compared to the non-MG group and the normal control group (F =15.569,P ＜ 0.01; F =15.104,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was alsostatistical significance in the rate of change between these groups.Receiver operating characteristic analytical procedure indicated that 1.17 mm or 17.5％ was of better diagnostic capability in the neostigmine test.Conclusions Measuring palpebral fissure width with videonystagmography could be seen as an objective and accurate method.A patient with palpebral fissure width higher than 1.17 mm or 17.5％ should be highly suspected as MG.

Objective To investigate characteristics of memory-guided saccade in Parkinson' s disease (PD),and to evaluate the application of memory-guided saccade in diagnosing PD.Methods Fiftythree subjects with early- or mid- stage PD were chosen as PD group,meanwhile,36 age-matched healthy subjects were chosen as control group.Memory-guided saccade test and event-related potential P300 were performed in all subjects,and results of the two groups were compared; furthermore,results of subgroups comprised of 29 patients with early-stage PD were analyzed.Results In comparison with control group,memory-guided saccade in PD group showed decreased velocity and primary gain,prolonged latency,extremely increased incidence of unwanted saccade and multi-step saccade ( U =124.000,37.000;both P ＜0.01 ),such abnormalities has already stood out even in subgroup comprised of early-stage PD patients.Meanwhile,latency of event-related potential P300 in PD group was prolonged compared with control group ((384.76 ± 34.48) ms vs (352.42 ± 24.99) ms,t =- 4.791,P ＜ 0.01 ).Multi-step saccade measurement demonstrated excellent sensitivity (96.2％ ) and specificity (94.4％) in the ability to discriminate PD patients from controls.Conclusion Memory-guided saccade in PD patients shows highly abnormal which may reflect the impairment of pontine saccade pathway and the dysfunction of frontal lobe.Memory-guided saccade test may be a useful examination in assisting the diagnosis of PD.

Objective To evaluate the vestibular function in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Methods Seventeen CADASIL patients were recruited in the present study and 17 healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Electronystagmogram examinations including gaze nystagmus test, spontaneous nystagmus test, saccade test, pursuit test, optokinetic nystagmus test and caloric test were performed in the subjects. Results Neither patients nor controls had gaze nystagmus or spontaneous nystagmus. There was no difference in the latency and velocity of saccade movement between patients and controls. The accuracy of the saccade movement, the accuracy in leftward saccade, was significantly lower in CADASIL group compared with controls. The pursuit movement gains was also significantly lower in CADASIL group than in control group(G_L:0.79±0.08, G_R:0.76±0.12)(t=-3.739、-2.911,P <0.05) compared with controls(G_L:0.87±0.04, G_R:0.86±0.06).The optokinetic nystagmus gains were significantly decreased in CADASIL group(G_L:0.79±0.17,G_R:0.78±0.18)(t=-2.342、-2.335,P<0.05) compared with controls(G_L:0.90±0.08,G_R:0.89±0.09). The caloric test was performed in one CADASIL patient and the result revealed an incomplete fixing inhibition. CADASIL group was further divided into normal subgroup and abnormal subgroup based on the pursuit curve. The comparison between those two subgroups demonstrated a significant correlation between the pursuit movement and the symptoms of vertigo or dizziness(P<0.05). Conclusions The central vestibular function is impaired in CADASIL patients and the abnormal vestibular function is related to the symptom of vertigo or dizziness in CADASIL patients.