Objective To establish a scientific and feasible evaluation index system of the quality of health education among the elderly in the community.Methods Based on the results of literature review,theory analysis,cross-sectional study and interviews,a draft evaluation index system was formulated.Then Delphi method was conducted on 28 specialists around the country,the weight of each index was determined by hierarchy analysis.Results After three rounds of Delphi procedure,the response rates of the three round consultation were all above 85％,and the authority coefficient and coordination coefficients was 0.858,0.210,respectively.An evaluation index system which covered three first-level items,7 second-level items and 35 third-level items was formulated.Conclusions Based on survey of the elderly and interviews of health education staffs in the community,and using the method of Delphi to collect experts' suggestion,a strong maneuverability and high reliability quality evaluation index system was formulated,which provided guidance for community health education of the elderly,and promoted its development towards scientization and standardization.

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection of patients with spinal cord injury.MethodsRetrospective surveys of nosocomial infection including risk factors, pathogen analysis and drug sensitivity tests were carried out for 88 cases with spinal cord injury in our hospital from 1996 to 2002.ResultsIt showed that the rate of nosocomial infection was 90.91% with 46.59% of urinary tract infection and 32.95% of respiratory tract infection. Nosocomial infection was closely related with such factors as the disease of spinal cord, the use of antibiotics, invasive operation, age and disturbance of disease.ConclusionReducing risk factors and using antibiotics reasonably are effective measures to reduce nosocomial infection of patients with spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the expression of Dysadherin and analyze its role in renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC).Methods RT-PCR and immunohistochemical were used to detect the expression of Dysadherin in 60 cases of fresh RCCC and 60 adjacent normal renal tissues(male 35,female 25; age 37-78,median age 61; ＞7 cm 24,≤7 cm 36; Ⅰ/Ⅱ 39,Ⅲ/Ⅳ 21).Results Dysadherin mRNA expression in RCCC tissues (2.0043±0.2890) was higher than that in adjacent normal renal tissues (0.8461 ±0.2479) (t =6.8020,P ＜ 0.05).Dysadherin expression was associated with nuclear grade.The expression of Dysadherin in nucleus grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ tumors were significantly higher than that in nucleus grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ tumors [the mRNA expression were 4.6224±0.3194,2.7780±0.2288,the positive rates of protein were 64.1％ (25/39),95.2 ％ (20/21) (t =6.5750,x2 =5.495,P ＜ 0.05)].There was no association between the expression of Dysadherin with sex (t =1.0530,x2 =0.023),age(t =0.0511,x2 =0.089) and tumor size (t =1.0330,x2 =0.370) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In RCCC,Dysadherin expression is positively associated with tumor aggressiveness based on grading.It seems that Dysadherin may be a valuable prognostic marker in RCCC.

Objective: To analyze the method and effect of reconstruction of the orbital floor defect with preserved orbital contents after advanced maxillary sinus cancer resection. Methods: Thirty-three patients of T3/T4 stage maxillary sinus cancer with orbital invasion who were treated in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2010 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 20 males and 13 females, aged from 12 to 80 years old. Patients were treated with appropriate surgical methods according to their clinical manifestation, imaging finding, invasion range, preoperative and intraoperative pathology. Surgical approaches such as maxillectomy, expanded maxillectomy and superstructure maxillectomy were used for patients with Medpor orbit floor repairment. Patients were followed up regularly after surgery, and the surgical efficacy was discussed by descriptive statistical method. Results: Of those 33 cases, 19 were squamous cell carcinoma, 8 were adenoid cystic carcinoma, 5 were inverted papilloma malignant transformation, and 1 was myoepithelial carcinoma in our study. After tumor resection and orbital floor repair, the orbital contents and eyeball function of all patients remained intact. During follow-up time ranged from 3 to 8 years, a total of 6 patients relapsed at 3 years and died of ineffective treatment. The survival rate was 81.8% (27/33). Conclusion Tumor resection and Medpor orbital floor repair in maxillary sinus cancer patients with orbital invasion can preserve the function of the eyeball well, greatly improve the quality of patient′s life.

Objective:To develop an Oral Frailty Assessment Scale for Elderly Inpatients and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Through literature review, qualitative interview, expert consultations and pre-investigation, the preliminary draft of Oral Frailty Assessment Scale for Elderly Inpatients was formed. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 300 elderly patients who were hospitalized in Geriatrics Department of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from April to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis.Results:A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 274 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 91.33% (274/300). The Oral Frailty Assessment Scale for Elderly Inpatients included four dimensions of teeth, dry mouth, swallowing and chewing, with a total of 11 items. The exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 69.059%. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the scale was 0.76, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.67, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.98.Conclusions:The Oral Frailty Assessment Scale for Elderly Inpatients has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for evaluating oral frailty in elderly inpatients.

Objective To investigate high risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)prevalence among married women in Beijing and to study the high risk flactors.nethods During March 2007 to September 2008.a total of 6185 married women sampled from 137 communities in 12 districts were screened bv HR-HPV DNA test and cytogical test.The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires.The databage was set up and twice entered in EpiDam 3.0.After checked up,the data were analyzed in SPSS 15.0.Results (1) The HR-HPV infection rate was 9.89%.The HR-HPV infection rate of the city zone,the suburb and the exurb were 9.34%,10.51% and 9.51% (P>0.05).The HR-HPV infection rate of the native and the oudander were 9.53%,11.30% (P<0.05).(2) The age distribution of HR-HPV infection was that the rate was around 10% among 25 to 44 age groups,which was the highest(11.21%) in 30 to 34 age group;then the rate was descended as the age raising,the rate of 50 to 54 age group was the lowest(7.78%).(3) Multiple logistic regression showed that the related risk factors of HR-HPV infection mainly included 1000 RMB and above of family income per person per month.possessing more than 1 sexual partner of her husband,outlander and hish levels of education.(4) The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in HR-HPV positive group wag significantly higher than that in HR-HPV negative group(29.76% vs 3.32%,P<0.01).Conclusions(1)The HR-HPV infection rate among aged 25 to 54 years was 9.9% and there was no significant difference in area distribution.(2)The hish risk population which should strengthen screening was the married bearing-age women with high level of family income,outlander,high levels of education and her husband possessing more than 1 sexual partner.(3)HR-HPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN and cervical cancer.while does not provide a causal relationship with them.The high risk population should be checked regularly to understand the development of HR-HPV infection and CIN incidence.

In clinic, intima and media thickness are the main indicators for evaluating the development of atherosclerosis. At present, these indicators are measured by professional doctors manually marking the boundaries of the inner and media on B-mode images, which is complicated, time-consuming and affected by many artificial factors. A grayscale threshold method based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering is therefore proposed to detect the intima and media thickness in carotid arteries from B-mode images in this paper. Firstly, the B-mode images are clustered based on the GMM, and the boundary between the intima and media of the vessel wall is then detected by the gray threshold method, and finally the thickness of the two is measured. Compared with the measurement technique using the gray threshold method directly, the clustering of B-mode images of carotid artery solves the problem of gray boundary blurring of inner and middle membrane, thereby improving the stability and detection accuracy of the gray threshold method. In the clinical trials of 120 healthy carotid arteries, means of 4 manual measurements obtained by two experts are used as reference values. Experimental results show that the normalized root mean square errors (NRMSEs) of the estimated intima and media thickness after GMM clustering were 0.104 7 ± 0.076 2 and 0.097 4 ± 0.068 3, respectively. Compared with the results of the direct gray threshold estimation, means of NRMSEs are reduced by 19.6% and 22.4%, respectively, which indicates that the proposed method has higher measurement accuracy. The standard deviations are reduced by 17.0% and 21.7%, respectively, which indicates that the proposed method has better stability. In summary, this method is helpful for early diagnosis and monitoring of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging* ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Normal Distribution ; Ultrasonography