Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy was used to treat 49 cases of restless legs syndrome. Yanglingquan (GB 34), Jinggu(BL 64), Chengshan (BL 57), Chengjin (BL 56) and Shangqiu (SP 5) were the main acupoints; Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23) and Taixi ( KI 3)were matched to the type of deficiency of liver and kidney yin; Xuehai (SP 10) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were matched to the type of cold-dampness entering interior. Chengshan (BL 57) and Chengjin (BL 56) were needled. After the arrival of qi, warm needling was done. Bilateral cases disappeared and the clinical symptoms of 1 case disappeared partly.

Investigations and interviews on six county (city)-level public hospitals practicing the drug zero price margin policy discovered increases on average outpatient expense per visit,average outpatient drug expense per visit,ratio of outpatient drug expense,average drug expense per hospital discharge,and ratio of drug expense upon discharge as well as the total ratio of drug expenses.An analysis of the poor performance of the policy results in the following recommendations.A better performance of this policy calls for support of such reforms as drug supply manner,drug price control,doctors' incentives for over-prescription and payment manner at public hospitals.Only with these support can this policy reach its expected outcomes of alleviating the drug expense burden of the people.

In this article, we summarize the main policy on encouraging nongovernmental investors to establish medical institutions in Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province.Based on the survey of private medical institutions in Wenzhou , we find that there are still many issues that should be resolved in terms of nongovernmental investors establishing pri -vate hospitals , such as the difficulty in implementing construction projects , spending too long time applying for the medical insurance unit , the complicated application procedures of incentive funds , the unequal status with public health hospitals in financing and the development of human resource for health , and the low-level administration and social reputation.Therefore , for promoting the sustainable development of private health hospitals , it is of great im-portance to have a breakthrough in the implementation of the policy ,such as supporting policies reform , financing and talent support , strengthening supervision , and so on.

Objeotiver To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of primary testicular tumors in children. Methods Thirty twe patients who underwent treatment of primary testicular tumors in children between 5 months and 12 years from 1993 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Frozen section pathological examination during in operation was done in all the patients. Depending on it, testicle sparing surgery or radical orchidectomy was performed accordingly. Twenty patients with malignant testicular tumors under went chemotherapy after surgery. Results There was no contradiction between the findings of paraftin section pathological examination and frozen section. The average follow up period in 24 patients was 73 months (ranged from 5 months to 7 years). Four patients with yolk sac tumor died of distant metastasis of the tumor in 1 year after surgery. Others were alive without tumor for 4 months to 7 years. Conclusious Ultrasonography was valuable for the diagnosis of the primary testicular tumor. Surgery should be the treatment of first choice. It was important to send for frozen section pathology during operation. According to frozen section findings, it could be decided whether the testis could be spared, which is of importance in regard to aesthetics, psychology and function for children with benign testicular tumors. Postoperative chemotherapy was beneficial in raising surrival rate in children with malignant tumors in whom the prognosis was poor

To investigate some rare causes of obstructive jaundice in children. Three school children with obstructive jaundice caused by uncommon causes were analyzed. Despite pre operative physical examination, B Ultrasonic and CT examinations, the diagnosis was not established. The main clinical manifestation of three patients was obstructive jaundice. Postoperative pathological examination proved that one patient was suffering from cryptococcus neoformans infection of the common bile duct, another embryonal rabdomyosarcoma of common bile duct, and the third primary hydatid cysts in the common bile duct. They were all treated with surgical removal of the lesions, followed by reconstruction of the bile duct and other adjunctive treatment with satisfactory result. The results suggest that obstructive jaundice in children may be caused by some unusual diseases. Comprehensive analysis and corresponding treatments were recommended.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of mogroside V on hydrogen peroxide ( H,02 )-induced oxidative stress response in mouse islet (3 cells MIN6 and the relation of its mechanism to PI3K/Akt signa¬ling pathway.Methods MIN6 cells were treated with 500 (jimol • L_1 H,(), after mogroside V,and cell via¬bility was detected by MTT.The release of reactive ox¬ygen species ( ROS) and apoptotic percentage of MIN6 cells were determined by flow cytometry.The expres¬sions of apoptosis-related factor Bel-2 , proliferation-re¬lated factor PCNA, protein Akt and p-Akt were deter¬mined by Western blot.Results H,02 restrained the proliferation of MIN6 cells obviously, induced ROS pro¬duction and apoptosis, and reduced the expression of Bel-2 and PCN A.The expressions of protein Akt and p-Akt decreased.After treatment of mogroside V , the release of ROS decreased, and the apoptosis of MIN6 cells was inhibited.The expression levels of apoptosis- related protein Bcl-2 and proliferation-related protein PCN A were reversed.The expressions of protein Akt and P-Akt increased.The viability of MIN6 cells in¬duced by H,0, increased.In addition, mogroside V partly reversed the apoptosis induction and ROS pro¬duction of Akt inhibitor MK2206 (5 jjimol • L"1 ) on MIN6 cells.Conclusions Mogroside V has protec¬tive effect on H202-induced oxidative damage in MIN6 cells and its mechanism is related to PI3K/Akt signa¬ling pathway.

Objective : To investigate the role of early inhibition of Toll⁃like receptor 4 (TLR4) in regulating hippampal neuroimmune responseto adolescent ratsafter neonatal hypoxic⁃ischemic brain damage(HIBD) . Methods: Postnatal day 7 rats were randomized into controlgroup , hypoxic ischemia (HI) group , and HI + TAK⁃242( the specific inhibitor of TLR4)(TAK⁃242) group. The expression of TLR4 in rat hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry at 3 days after HI. Immunofluorescence were used to determine the number of Iba⁃1 + , GFAP + , CD161 + , MPO + and CD3 + cells in the hippocampus at 21 days after HI. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ICAM⁃1 and C3a expression in the hippocampal CA1 region ; and Western blot was used to detect tumor necrosis factor interleukin IL⁃1β , TNF⁃α and IL⁃10 expression. Results : Compared with control group , significantly raised TLR4 expression was observed in the left hippocampal CA1 , CA3 and DG regions(P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05) , while the expression in the TAK⁃242 group lowered compared to the HI group (P < 0. 05) . The number of GFAP + cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in the TAK⁃242 group of neonatal rats decreased compared to which in the HI group at 21 days after HI(P < 0. 05) , but the number of CD3 + T lymphocytes in the hippocampal CA1 area of new born rats in the HI group increased compared to which in the Control group (P < 0. 05) , but the difference between TAK⁃242 and the Control group was not statistically significant. The number of Iba⁃1 + cells , MPO + cells , CD161 + cells , the expression of ICAM⁃1 and C3a in hippocampal CA1 region , and the expression of TNF⁃α , IL⁃1β and IL⁃10 in hippocampus of rats were not different among groups at 21 days after HIBD. Conclusion Early inhibition of TLR4 may ameliorate adolescent neuroimmune disorders by reducing the increase of hippocampal astrocytesafter neonatal HIBD.

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to co-infection with hepatitis B virus and mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is characterized by a high incidence, as well as the changes in the progression, prognosis, and treatment outcome of original diseases, toxic or side effects, and even the drug resistance of pathogens. This article reviews the incidence, pathogenesis, and therapeutic progress in patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis, so as to provide new ideas for further research.

Objective To investigate difference of NKG2D receptor expression level on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells in the patients with hepatitis B and its clinical significance.Methods This was a four-arm study with different types of subjects,including patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB,n =22),HBV carriers (HBVC,n=10),patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB,n=18) and healthy donors (HD,n=18).NKG2D protein and mRNA levels on the surface NK cells in the peripheral blood were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay.The relationship between NKG 2D expression and serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level was analyzed.The data were compared by analysis of variance and linear regression.Results NKG2D mRNA expression levels in groups of HBVC, HD, AHB and CHB were 0.96±0.17, 1.03±0.12,1.53±0.30 and 1.51 ± 0.35,respectively; the differences among groups were statistically significant (q=7.586,7.485,7.920 and 7.880,respectively; all P＜0.01).NKG2D protein expression levels in groups of AHB,HD,CHB and HBVC were 0.87±0.14,0.89±0.17,0.67±0.09 and 0.59±0.13,respectively; the differences among groups were statistically significant (q=6.92,7.67,7.53and 8.16,respectively; all P＜0.01).The NKG2D mRNA expression levels on NK cells were negatively correlated with serum HBV DNA viral loads in patients with CHB,AHB or HBVC (r=-0.75,-0.66 and-0.69,respectively; all P＜0.01).The NKG2D protein levels on NK cells from patients with AHB and CHB were negatively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels (r=-0.47 and -0.45,respectively; both P＜0.05).Conclusion NKG2D mediated NK cytotoxicity may play a role in viral clearance in hepatitis B.