Objective To explore the expression and effect of interleukin(IL)-18 after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in neonatal rats. Methods The HIBD model of seven-day-old Wistar rats was established. The mRNA and protein for IL-18 in cerebral cortex of control group, HIBD3 h, 8 h, 24 h, 3 d, 6 d and 14 d group were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively, at the same time histological changes were observed. Results The expression of IL-18 mRNA and protein was low in control group[mRNA: 0.321 8?0.046 6; protein: (6.033? 1.019)cells/field]. After HIBD, the level of mRNA/protein for IL-18 in ischemic cortex increased progressively at 24 h to 6 d [mRNA: 24 h: 0.582 3?0.074 0, 3 d:0.697 6 ?0.107 3, 6 d: 0.911 0?0.064 7; protein: 24 h: (19.133?2.094)cells/field, 3 d: (28.900 ?1.589) cells/field, 6 d: (52.883?3.203)cells/field; P

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of 7-nitro indazole (7-NI) in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Methods Seventy-two Wistar rats of 7-day-old were randomly divided into the sham-operation、HIBD and 7-NI treated group. The HIBD models were established in 7-NI treated and HIBD groups.7-NI (100 mg/kg) or peanut oil (10 ml/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 0.5 h before hypoxia in 7-NI treated group or HIBD group. NOS,NO,SOD and MDA were examined at different time (1 h、2 h、6 h、8 h). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. Results NOS and NO level of HIBD group at different time were significantly higher than that of the sham-operation group [NOS:1 h (3.345?0.367)U/mg, 8 h (4.469?0.275) U/mg vs (1.555?0.223) U/mg; NO: 1 h (2.419?0.254) ?mol/g, 8 h (3.556?0.309) ?mol/g vs (0.749?0.135) ?mol/g, P

Objective To investigate the application of stable microbubble test ( SMT) and surfactant protein A ( SP-A) level in gastric aspirate in predicting neonatal respiratory distress syndrome ( RDS). Methods One hundred and ten high-risk preterm infants within 1 hour after birth, with gestational age between 24 and 36 weeks, birth weight between 1 160 g and 2 010 g were admitted in the study. The gastric secretion of 1-2 ml was collected during routine aspiration for SMT. At the same time SP-A level was measured by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay. Results The SMT count and SP-A level in preterm infants with RDS were lower than those of infants without RDS [SMT: (5. 7?2. 4) microbubbleg/mm2( mb/ mm2) vs. (12.4?6.0) mb/mm2, t = 8. 355,P

AIM To investigate the influence on change of SOD and MDA in the blood of rats which had cellular immunoreactive colitis by Fengliao Changweikang Granule (CWKG). METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Numbers of each group were 32. Animal model of rat cellular iumynoreactive colitis was made by TNBS and ethanol mixed liguid enema. Rats were killed at the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 21st day respectively. Gross morphologic observation of intestinal wall was made, SOD vitality and MDA content in blood were determined. RESULTS At day 7 and 21, the intestinal wall damage criterion value of large dosage group was lower than model group ( P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the manifestation,fungal spectrum,diagnosis,antifungal therapy and(outcome) of deep fungal infection(DFI) in patients with hematopoietic malignancies.METHODS Fifty-two(patients) of SFI admitted in Shandong Provincial Hospital during Oct 1998 to Sept 2004 were enrolled in this(investigation,) including 34 males and 18 females with mean age of 54 years old.Clinical data,such as manifestation,fungal(spectrum,) treatment and outcome,were observed prospectively and retrospectively.RESULTS Lower respiratory tract,gastrointestinal tract,urinary tract and blood were the main DFI infection sites by order of prevalence.The clinical manifestation was various among cases.Pathogen detection determined the subtypes of fungi were Candida albicans(57.14%),C.tropicalis(21.43%),yeast(47.14%),C.parapsilosis(7.14%),and Aspergillus((5.36%).) Nystatin,fluconazole,flucytosine,and(amphotericin) B were used alone or in(combination) to treat DFI.The rates of curing,improvement and death were 44.23%,23.08% and 32.69%,(respectively).(Among) 52 cases,25(48.08%) were occurred during Oct 2002 to Sept 2004,compared with 27((51.92%)) during Oct 1998 to Sept 2002,suggested the elevated incidence of DFI.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of DFI in patients with hematopoietic malignancies is increasing these years.The clinical manifestation of DFI may be nonspecific.It is critical to pay more attention to the fungal infection among the high-risk patients,therefore fungus detection from various(samples) should be recommended for the sake of early diagnosis of DFI. Though(C.albicans) remains the top in pathogen spectrum analysis,infection of other fungi tends to increase.The mortality of DFI is still very high thus more investigations about early diagnosis and treatment of DFI should be conducted.

Hot-melt extrusion was applied to prepare mesoporous silica/ethylcellulose mini-matrix for sustained release, and fenofibrate was used as a model drug, ethylcellulose and xanthan gum were chosen as sustained-release agent and releasing moderator, respectively. This novel matrix obtained the controlled release ability by combining mesoporous silica drug delivery system and hot-melt extrusion technology. And mesoporous silica particle (SBA-15) was chosen as drug carrier to increase the dissolution rate of fenofibrate in this martix. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, small angle X-ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption were introduced to determine the particle morphology, particle size and pore structure of the synthesized SBA-15. The results showed that SBA-15 had a very high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, a narrow pore size distribution, large pore volume and a ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure of p6mm symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that fenofibrate dispersed in an amorphous state inside the pores of the mesoporous silica which contributed to the improvement in the dissolution rate. The drug release of mini-matrices was influenced by ethylcellulose viscosity grades and xanthan gum concentration, which increased with the increasing of xanthan gum concentration and decreasing of ethylcellulose viscosity. Mini-matrix containing 22% xanthan gum exhibited a good sustained release performance, and the drug release behavior followed the first-order kinetics.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are attracting increasing interest for potential biomedical applications. With tailored mesoporous structure, huge surface area and pore volume, selective surface functionality, as well as morphology control, MSNs exhibit high loading capacity for therapeutic agents and controlled release properties if modified with stimuli-responsive groups, polymers or proteins. In this review article, the applications of MSNs in pharmaceutics to improve drug bioavailability, reduce drug toxicity, and deliver with cellular targetability are summarized. Particularly, the exciting progress in the development of MSNs-based effective delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs, anticancer agents, and therapeutic genes are highlighted.

Proteins and peptides have become a significant therapeutic modality for various diseases because of their high potency and specificity. However, the inherent properties of these drugs, such as large molecular weight, poor stability, and conformational flexibility, make them difficult to be formulated and delivered. Injection is the primary route for clinical administration of protein and peptide drugs, which usually leads to poor patient's compliance. As a portable, minimally invasive device, microneedles (MNs) can overcome the skin barrier and generate reversible microchannels for effective macromolecule permeation. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in MNs-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Emphasis was given to the latest development in representative MNs design and fabrication. We also summarize the current application status of MNs-mediated transdermal protein and peptide delivery, especially in the field of infectious disease, diabetes, cancer, and other disease therapy. Finally, the current status of clinical translation and a perspective on future development are also provided.

Malignant tumor has become an urgent threat to global public healthcare. Because of the heterogeneity of tumor, single therapy presents great limitations while synergistic therapy is arousing much attention, which shows desperate need of intelligent carrier for co-delivery. A core‒shell dual metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) system was delicately designed in this study, which not only possessed the unique properties of both materials, but also provided two individual specific functional zones for co-drug delivery. Photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) were stepwisely encapsulated into the nanopores of MIL-88 core and ZIF-8 shell to construct a synergistic photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy nanoplatform. Except for efficient drug delivery, the MIL-88 could be functioned as a nanomotor to convert the excessive hydrogen peroxide at tumor microenvironment into adequate oxygen for photodynamic therapy. The DOX release from MIL-88-ICG@ZIF-8-DOX nanoparticles was triggered at tumor acidic microenvironment and further accelerated by near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The