Objective To test the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Efficacy Scale.Methods The Chinese version of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Efficacy Scale was developed based on strict principle of translation,back-translation,expert consultation and preliminary test.The reliability and validity were tested among 196 inflammatory bowel disease patients.Results The Chinese version of scale had a total of 29 items.The coefficient of Cronbach's α was 0.899～ 0.973,and the coefficient of the Guttman spit half was 0.825～0.917.Factor analysis indicated that the cumulative proportion of 4 principal components reached 78.1％.Conclusions The Chinese version of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Efficacy Scale has been proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used as a valid tool for the measurement of self-efficacy of Chinese inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Objective To investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor (PDGFR-β) in self-renewal of neural stem cells (NSCs).Methods In this study,NSCs of subventricular zone were isolated and cultured from PDGFR-β knockout (PDGFR-β-/-) mice of postnatal day 1 (P1) and P28;the number and diameters of secondary neurospheres were calculated;using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay,cell proliferation and survival rates were analyzed;gene expression profiles were determined by PCR-array analyses;the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on secondary neurospheres formation was examined in these cells.Results In PDGFR-β-/-NSCs,stem cell activities,such as number (/well;P1:25.9±1.3vs117.6±3.6,t=4.236,P＜0.01;P28:13.8± 0.7vs 19.8±0.6,t=2.116,P＜0.01)and diameters (μm;P1:67.7±1.9 vs 69.1 ±2.0,t=3.211,P＜0.01;P28:33.4±0.8vs37.8±0.8,t=2.354,P ＜0.01) of secondary neurospheres,cell proliferation (％;P1:73.3 ± 2.7 vs 88.7 ± 3.6,t =2.773,P ＜ 0.05;P28:28.6 ± 9.6 vs 68.2 ± 4.5,t =6.302,P ＜ 0.05) and survival rates (％;P1:14.5 ±2.1 vs 9.3 ± 1.3,t =7.222,P ＜ 0.05),were significantly lower as compared with age-matched controls.In comparison of the same genotypic NSCs,the decrease of secondary neurosphere formation was more striking in P28 NSCs than in P1 NSCs.PCR Array analyses demonstrated that expressions of fibroblast growth factor2 and BDNF were decreased (-2.04 ± 0.25,t =2.653,P ＜ 0.05;-3.24 ± 0.37,t =1.324,P ＜ 0.05),and Noggin (2.31 ± 0.37,t =2.749,P ＜ 0.05) was increased in P1 PDGFR-β-/-NSCs as compared with P1 controls.Addition of BDNF rescued the number and diameter of secondary neurospheres in P1 PDGFR-β-/-NSCs to similar levels as controls.Conclusions PDGFR-β signaling may play a role in the selfrenewal and proliferation of NSCs.BDNF may be involved in the effects of PDGFR-β signaling in these cells.

With decision tree model, both net utility and cost-benefit were analysed to comprehensively assess hepatitis B vaccination strategy in China. The result showed that neonates shoulUbe taken as the most favourable vaccinated population, infants aged 0～3 years the next, and immediate vaccination scheme was recommended. Although vaccination would result in negative benefit in the population aged 7 and over, certain net utility was also gained, Therefore we suggest that the subjects to be vaccinated be extended in due course.

Objective To understand the training status and learning requirement of nursing personnel for the aged from the perspective of nursing targets and their relatives in the city of Nanjing.Methods The questionnaire involved six categories,80 questionnaires were sent out,57 of them were recollected.The effective recovery rate was 71.3％(57/80).All the data were input into Excel to do statistical analysis.Results The nursing personnel did not fully grasp the skills of transfusion nursing and muscle injection [45.6％(26/57) and 33.3％(19/57)] in the basic theory of basic care,knowledge and skills from the perspective of nursing targets and their relatives.The Chinese medicine nursing skills such as scrapping [needing very much 40.4％ (23/57)] and burying seeds [needing very much 40.4％ (23/57)] in the ear acupuncture point were also needed to be enhanced.A total of 75.4％ (43/57) of respondents chose online examination as the way of nursing personnel's evaluation.Conclusions Nursing personnel are in great need of on-job professional training.

[Objective]To establish an animal model of heterotopie ossification(HO)induced by Achilles' tenotomy in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rat and to investigate its possible mechanism.[Method]Thirty six male SD rats were divided into 3 groups(n=12).In sham group,incision and suturation were performed only in the left leg.Partial tenotomy was performed in the left Achilles tendons in PAT group.In AT group,tenotomy was performed in the left Achilles tendons to establish animal model of HO.X-ray and histological examinations were made at 6 and 10 weeks after operation.[Result](1)No HO occurred in the sham and PAT groups.(2)In AT group,3 rats showed cartilage and bone formation on X-rays while the remaining 3 rats showed chondrification in histological examination at 6 weeks after operation.At 10 weeks all rats showed bone formation with trabecular bone.This kind of HO developed through a process of endochondral ossification.[Conclusion]Tenotomy is a simple,effective and feasible method to induce HO.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of the transect imaging and 3D-reconstruction with spiral CT in acetabulum fracture.Methods 23 cases of acetabulum fracture proved by clinical plain radiograph,transect imaging and 3D-reconsection were reviewed retrospectively.3D-reconsection were obtained on the basis of spiral transect imaging with use of 2~3 mm collimation.3 pitch and 1.2~2 mm reconstruction interval.Results Fractures were demonstrated definitely with transect imaging.3D-reconstruction in all patients the transect imaging displayed the fractures and the displacement of the burden opex of acetablulum,the disruption within joint,the direction of fracture.Displacement of detached bone fragments and capitis femoris were display stereoscopically by 3D-reconstruction.Conclusion The transect imaging and the 3D-reconstruction of spiral CT technique with spiral CT could afford the more valuable messages.Surgeon will benefit greathy from their usefulness in the choice of the surgical intervention and operative planning.

Objective To compare the expression level of calpain and calpastatin mRNA in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissues (ST) and analyze the antigen epitopes of human calpastatin recognized by RA sera.Methods Total RNA of three RA and two OA patients was isolated from ST and expression levels of calpain and calpastatin mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR).According to hydrophilicity of human calpastatin (Accession,U 31346), overlapping oligopeptides were synthesized by auto spot Robot in N terminal (L domain) and C terminal (Ⅳ domain) of calpastatin.The epitopes of synthesized peptides were analyzed by RA sera using dot ELISA.Results mRNA expression of calpain showed higher than that of calpastatin in both OA and RA.Meanwhile,the mRNA expression level of calpain increased in RA more than that in OA.Three antigen epitopes of human calpastatin (with the sequence DKDLDDALD,DTIPPEYRH and QDPIDALSG) were identified by RA sera,while control sera failed to react with synthetic peptides.Conclusion The calpain calpastatin system may participate in pathogenic mechanism of RA,and the calpastatin may be a target for autoantibody of RA,which implies that it is not only possible to treat RA patients with synthetic peptide of human calpastatin,as a chemotherapeutant,but also a materials for immunodiagnosis of RA.

To explore the changes in blood levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein(LBP),and soluble CD14 (sCD14), and their clinical significance in patients with severe chronic viral hepatitis B. blood levels of LPS were determined with chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay, and LBP and sCD14 were assayed with ELISA in 24 patients of severe chronic viral hepatitis B. 10 normal subjects and 16 patients with chronic hepatitis B were also enrolled as controls. The results showed that the blood levels of LPS, LBP and sCD14 were significantly higher in patients with the early stage, midterm, late periods of severe chronic viral hepatitis B than in normal subjects and in those with chronic hepatitis B. The blood levels of LPS, LBP and sCD14 were also significantly higher in patients who died of severe chronic viral hepatitis B than in survivors of the same disease. It suggested that when patients with severe chronic viral hepatitis B were complicated by intestinal endotoxemia (IETM), the sensitivity of Kupffer cells to endotoxin was significantly increased, resulting in hepatocyte injury by TNF ?,even in the presence of very low endotoxin concentration .

Objective To evaluate stepping DSA technology in lower extremity artey disease. Methods 12 cases performed with stepping DSA in lower extremity artery were examined with TOSHIBA Infinixi digital subtraction angiography system, of which, 8 ones were also examined with conventional DSA. Results Stepping DSA technology could decrease the dosage of contrast agent and the examination.

0.05).The operation was failed in 2 cases due to the displacement of the renal tube(re-puncture was performed) or massive hemorrhage from torn renal calices(the procedure was terminated,and the bleeding was controlled by compression and hemostat).One patient developed acute pulmonary edema after the operation and was cured by diuretic;4 cases showed postoperative fever;no serious complications occurred in this series.The stone-free rate in one session was 89.1%(49/55).The residual calculi were all cleared by a second operation combined with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.The patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months(mean,6 months),during which no recurrent case was found.ConclusionUreteroscopy is safe and effective for establishing renal channel in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.