Objective To study the perception of patients and nurses for the artificial airway suction,in order to provide theoretical reference for building the artificial airway suction clinical practice guidelines.Methods CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Pubmed,Science direct databases were searched for papers of patients and/or nurses' perception over the limited period of 2005 to 2013.The retrieved papers were analyzed.Results Nineteen eligible papers were identified.Extract relevant contents found the majority of patients retained the memory of that airway suction,mainly for pain,choking,suffocation,and eager to get the relevant knowledge and information.There were few researches on nurses' subjective feeling about airway suction.Conclusion We should pay attention to the perception of patients,while strengthening the research on nurses' perception of artificial airway suction and improve communication with patients,in order to relieve their discomfort experience,and could be helpful for the building of airway suction clinical practice guidelines.

BACKGROUND: There are differences in physical and biological activity between the antibody from mammals and egg yolk antibody (IgY) from chicken. IgY is acid- and heat-resistant, and can prevent and cure the infectious diseases in animals and human being, which is also benefit to develop routine diagnostic immunoassays. Conventional ELISA assay for IgY takes much more time than dot-immunobinding assay.OBJECTIVE: To detect the IgY stability byusing dot-immunobinding assay.DESIGN: Open trail.SETTING: Department of Transfusion, Kunming General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERTALS: The experiment was completed in the Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January to June 2006. Two White Leghorn hens (30 weeks old) were selected. HLA-A*0201 α chain served as the antigen. The total protein concentration of the purified antigen was 0.04 g/L with the molecular mass of 32 000(self-prepared); nitrocellulose filter (NC, import and divided); nonfat dry milk (Anyi Corp. No. 20051220); DAB (Boshide Corp.);caprylic acid (made by Shanghai Xinghuo Chemical Factory); ammonium sulfate (Shantou Guanghua Chemical product).METHODS: ①HLA-A*0201 α chain with the total protein concentration of 0.04 g/L was purified with egg yolk antibody,and identified by SDS-PAGE. ②1 μL antigen was spotted into the center of NC membrane and dried in the incubator at 37 ℃. Then the NC membrane was blocked in 1 mL PBST and put in the incubator at 37℃ with shaking in 90 r per minute for 15 minutes. Then the liquid was exchanged with 1 mL PBST and added the primary antibody at a final concentration of 10 mg/L. After 30 minutes shaking in the incubator at 37 ℃, the NC membrane was washed in PBST for three times. The second antibody, mouse anti-chicken IgY conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was added and after 30 minutes incubation, the NC membrane was washed three times in PBST. Binding was revealed by incubation with a DAB reagent. A positive reaction was represented by adeep brown spot,Irdlcating that IgY had better activity; if the spot became lighter IgY lost part activity, and when the spot disappeared, the IgY lost a the activty.According to intensity (gray degree)of the dot compared tothe standard, the remained percent of activity of the IgY was calculated. ③IgY was adjusted to three different protein concentrations with PBS: 1, 0.1, 0.01 g/L and stayed at room temperature for four months. 10 μg lgY was taken out from each concentration sample every month to detect the activity by dot-immunobinding assay. ④IgY was put into seven EP tubes with 100 μL per tube and numbered 1-7. Number 1 to 3 was adjusted pH to 5, 3 and 2, respectively with 1 mol/L HCI; Number 4 to 6 was to 9, 11 and 12, respectively with 1 mol/L NaOH. The pH of number 7 was neutral without adding acid or base. The samples were stayed in incubator at 37 ℃ for 3 hours. 10 μg IgY from each tube was taken every hour to detect the stability at different pH by dot-immunobinding assay. ⑤IgY was added to six EP tubes (10 μL per tube) and numbered 1-6. Number 1-6 was put into waterbath at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ℃ for 15 minutes. After cooled in refrigerator at 4 ℃, 10 mg samples from each tube and standard sample (untreated sample) taken to check the thermal stability by dot-immunobinding assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①SDS-PAGE of IgY. ②IgY stability at room temperature. ③IgY stability at different pH. ④ Detection of IgY thermal stability.RESULTS: ①Purified IgY after SDS-PAGE had two major binds, the molecular mass of the heavy chain was 66.000,and the light chain was 25 000. ②1, 0.1, 0.01 g/L IgY still had partial activity after staying at room temperature for four months. ③When pH ranged from 5 to 9, IgY still had partial activity after staying in 37 ℃ for 3 hours. If pH was lower than 5 or higher than 9, it lost the whole activity in above condition. ④Purified IgY was added to six EP tubes, the number 1-4 still had partial activity, but number 5 and 6 showed some white precipitate, which was caused by protein denaturation at higher temperature.CONCLUSION: IgY stability is higher than others. The dot-immunobinding assay described a rapid and simple method for the demonstration and characterization of functional activity of egg yolk antibody. With only small volume antigen and antibody, and specific dot, the dot-immunobinding assay method could process many samples at the same time.

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for extraction of effective components of sarcandra glabra (Thunb.), and then chromatographic fingerprint of sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) was studied by high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC/DAD). The conditions of MAE were optimized by an orthogonal experiment, and then the authentication and validation of the chromatographic fingerprint were conducted. Nine peaks were identified as common peaks in the fingerprint chromatograms, and isofraxidin was considered as a reference compound and quantified. Relative standard deviations of retention time and peak area of each component were less than 3% and 8%, respectively. Similarity and difference analysis were conducted by use of PCA and relation coefficient. Twenty batches of sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) samples from two different producing areas could be classified into two different groups in the PCA model. The results showed that MAE-HPLC/DAD method was simple, efficient and stable for the study of complex chromatographic fingerprint of sarcandra glabra (Thunb.), which could provide more reliable and precise information for quality evaluation.

To introduce the concept of medication adherence and its importance in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia.By reviewing the scales for measuring medication adherence on oral phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients,this paper will provide the reference for health care personnel to assess the medication adherence effectively.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of simplified medication adherence questionnaire(SMAQ) which was translated from English version.Methods The English version of SMAQ was translated into Chinese according to Brislin trans-tested in 76 maintenance hemodialysis patients with oral phosphate binder after preliminary experiment for each content items by experts committee. Results The total reliability and validity of the Chinese version of SMAQ and the Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of SMAQ were 0.916 and 0.908 respectively. And test-retest reliability was good (r=0.816, P<0.01). The criterion-related validity as blood phosphate was well (r=0.765,P<0.01). The Convergent validity was well measured by comparing with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (r=0.742,P<0.01). Conclusions The Chinese version of SMAQ has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to measure the maintenance hemodialysis patients receiving phosphate binder.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the medication adherence and analyze their influencing factors in hemodialysis patients. Methods Hemodialysis patients who were treated in a class Ⅲgrade A hospital of Shanghai from June to December 2016 were selected as the research object by convenience sampling. The patients were investigated by general information questionnaire,simplified medication compliance questionnaire and social support rating scale,and the relevant influencing factors of medication adherence were analyzed. Results A total of 99 patients were surveyed,37 patients of them(37.4%)had good adherence to calcium acetate,and 62 patients(62.6%)had poor compliance. There were significant differences in age, occupation,marital status,serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone levels between patients with good compliance and poor compliance(P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age,marital status and occupation were the influencing factors of medication compliance(P < 0.05). Conclusions The compliance of calcium acetate in maintenance hemodialysis patients is not optimistic. It is important to further improve the adherence by establishing accessible education programs according to their age,marital status and occupational status.

Objective To study the biological behavior of human liver cancer stem cells. Methods Human liver cancer MHCC97H cells in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated in the serum free medium for suspension cultivation and human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cells with stable propagation were acquired. Human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cell microspheres and human liver cancer MHCC97H cells were collected. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of cell markers including cluster of differentiation (CD) 133, CD90, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Colony formation assay, tumor cell invasion assay (Transwell assay) and nude mouse tumorigenicity assay were performed respectively to observe the colony formation, cell invasion and tumorigenicity of two kinds of cells. The experimental data of two kinds of cells were compared by t test or t′test. Results The mean contents of CD133, CD90, EpCAM mRNA in human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cells (32.70±0.20, 66.30±0.32, 115.40±4.00) were significantly higher than those in human liver cancer MHCC97H cells (1.27±0.29, 13.60±1.36, 1.34±0.40) (t′=117.8, 53.97, 83.37;P<0.05). The colony forming efifciency was (213±10)%in human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cells and was (54±11)%in human liver cancer MHCC97H cells, where signiifcant difference was observed (t=13.11, P<0.05). Through the Transwell assay, the membrane permeating cell count was (587±120)/visual ifelds in human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cells, and was (97±13)/visual ifelds in human liver cancer MHCC97H cells, where signiifcant difference was observed (t=6.38, P<0.05). In the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay, subcutaneous transplanted tumors were observed in nude mouse 4 weeks after inoculating 2×103 human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cells and the tumor formation rate was 1/6. Subcutaneous transplanted tumors were observed in all nude mice by inoculating 2×105 human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cells, and the tumor formation rate was 6/6. Subcutaneous transplanted tumors were observed in nude mice by inoculating at least 2×105 human liver cancer MHCC97H cells, and the tumor formation rate was 2/6. Conclusion Compared with the human liver cancer MHCC97H cells, human liver cancer MHCC97H stem cells possess stronger invasion and higher tumor formation rate.