Objective To evaluate the shaping ability of ProTaper Universal (PU), ProTaper Next (PN) and M3 in preparation of curved root canals by CBCT (cone-beam computed tomography). Methods Sixty extracted maxillary first premolars were divided into two groups according to the canal curvature:10°-25° group and 26°-75°group. Then, each group was divided into PU group, PN group and M3 group and prepared with three instruments respectively. Canals were scanned by CBCT scanner before and after preparation. The efficacy of canal preparation was analyzed. The width of dentine removed was measured at three points (2 mm, 5 mm and 8 mm to root tip). The apical transportation indexes and the centring ratio values were recorded. Results PN group and M3 group needed less time in preparation and showed more efficiency than those of PU group in 26°-75° groups. One of root canals in PU group appeared deformation, neither PN group nor M3 group appeared deformation after 5 root canal preparations in average. None instrument was broken in three groups. PU group removed more materials at internal walls than PN group and M3 group at internal walls of root canals in 5 mm from the apex. There was no difference in the offset of the external walls of root canals. Compared with the offset of the internal and external walls of root canals in 2 mm from the apex, the apical transportations prepared by the PN group were less than those of M3 group and PU group in 26°-75° groups. Compared with the offset of the internal and external walls of root canals in 5 mm from the apex, the apical transportations prepared by the PN group and M3 group were less than those of PU group, and their centring ratio values were greater than those of PU group in 26°-75°groups. Conclusion ProTaper Next and M3 tested in this study are effective and time-saving in shaping curved root canals. The results indicate that both ProTaper Next and M 3are comparable to optimally enlarge root canal.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVT) Methods Medical records, including age and the mode of onset, early symptoms, clinical presentations, findings of neuroimaging and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), were analyzed retrospectively in 60 CVT patients (male 34 and female 26) Results CVT was most commonly seen in people of 20～40 years old, and the onset was acute in roughly 88% of cases. The first and most common symptoms included headache (87%) and vomit (61%), with or without focal deficits and/or seizures Neuroimaging fingdings showed 52% parenchymal focal infarction (with 39% hemorrhagic infarction or hematoma) and cerebral venous and sinus occlusions As for CSF examination,pressure increased remarkably,with WBC and protein normal or increased slightly (except for infection and cancer CVT). Dehydration, lumbar punctures, anticoagulation, local thrombolysis and etiologic treatment were utilized in the management of CVT, and better outcomes were achieved, with mortality rate of 10% Conclusions Headache, vomit with or without focal deficits and/or seizures as initial presentation should raise the suspicion of CVT, and its diagnosis can be further established by neuroimaging examination (combination of MRI and MRA). Early administration of heparin followed by oral anticoagulants for 3～6 months is recommended as first line treatment of CVT

AIM:To study the effects of inhalation of aerosolized low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)and standard heparin(SH) on the clotting time and bleeding time in guinea pigs and mice.METHODS:Guinea-pigs and mice inhaled aersolized LMWH and SH for 7 days,and the clotting time in guinea-pigs and tail bleeding time in mice were observed.RESULTS:Compared with vehicle,LMWH 800IU/L,400IU/L and SH 800IU/L,400IU/L had no significant effects on the clotting time in guinea-pigs and tail bleeding time in mice(P>0.05);There were no significant differences between LMWH 800IU/L,400IU/L and SH 800IU/L,400IU/L(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Inhalation of aerosolized LMWH and SH had no significant effects on clotting time and bleeding time in animals.

Background:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is the most common gastrointestinal allergic disease,however,allergy also accounts for some gastrointestinal functional disorders. The correlation between allergic factor and intestinal polyp is not clarified. Aims:To investigate the correlation of allergic factor with intestinal polyp and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Methods:Ninety-five inpatients including 60 cases of intestinal polyp and 35 cases of IBS admitted from May 2012 to April 2014 were recruited;95 healthy volunteers were served as controls. Serum samples were collected to test specific IgE antibodies derived from 20 common inhalant and alimentary allergens by EUROIMMUN blotting test. Results:The positivity rates of allergen specific serum IgE antibodies in intestinal polyp group,IBS group and both two groups were 56. 67% ,74. 29% and 63. 16% ,respectively,all were significantly higher than that in control group(6. 32% ,P all <0. 05),but no statistically significant difference was seen between intestinal polyp group and IBS group(P > 0. 05). In all the 20 allergens tested,the positivity rates of Dermatophagoides,roach,crab,sea fish,freshwater fish,shrimp,and egg albumin specific serum IgE antibodies were significantly higher in patients group than in control group( P < 0. 05), especially the crab,see fish and Dermatophagoides specific IgE antibodies. Conclusions:Allergic factor might have some association with intestinal polyp and IBS.

Objective To investigate the influencing conditions of human epidermal stem cells(ESCs) differentiating into gland-like cells and to identify the induced tubular structure.Methods The ESCs were seeded onto compound polysaccharide shell dermal matrix and collagen gel,adding different concentrations of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and culturing by vertical shaking in vitro,the three dimensional culture and induced directional differentiation were performed.The means of HE staining,immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscope were adopted to observe the conditions,morphology and phenotype change of ESCs directionally differentiating into glandular epithelium-like cells.Results 15-20 ng/mL EGF could induce ESCs in tissue-engineering dermis to grow into dermis and appear the gland-like structure.The HE staining in this structure showed its profile as a single layer with lacune in the middle compartment,eosinophilic cytoplasm,lightly stained.Under CLSM,by CK19 staining,the luminal structure in the middle of the cell mass was observed,while CK18 and CEA were expressed in this structure.Conclusion Under the induction of particular concentration of EGF,the in vitro cultured human ESCs seeded on the tissues engineering dermis could form into the tubular structure,which is similar to the in vivo sweat gland secretory cells in morphology and histology.

Objective To develop the quality standard for evaluating Huangdi cataplasm. Methods Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to qualitatively identify Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge,Rheum palmatum Linn,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Angelica sinensis and Resina Draconis in Huangdi cataplasm.HPLC method was used to determine astragaloside A and loureirin B in Huangdi cataplasm. Results The Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge,Rheum palmatum Linn,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Angelica sinensis and Resina Draconis were well separated by TLC without interference in the negative control.content of Astragaloside A and loureirin B showed good liner relationships with respective peak area within the range of 6.96-23.2 μg,and 0.072-0.648 μg,with r = 0.999 5,r = 0.999 9, respectively;and the average recovery was 97.18%,and 96.93%,RSD was 1.21%(n= 6),1.53% (n = 6 ), respectively. Conclusion The established qualitative and quantitative detection method is simple, specific, reproducible, accurate and reliable, which can be used for quality control of Huangdi cataplasm.

Objective To establish high performance liquid chromatograph ( HPLC ) fingerprint of liqi xiaoying tablets,and to provide reference for quality control of the herbal medication. Methods The chromatography conditions consisted of Aichrom Bond-AQ C18(250 mmí4. 6 mm,5 μm) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid ( gradient elution) , column temperature of 30 ℃, flow rate of 1 mL · min-1 , injection volume of 20 μL, and UV detection wavelength of 226 nm. Results HPLC fingerprint was established with 13 common peaks,4 of which were identified. The similarity of the HPLC fingerprints of liqi xiaoying tablets from 10 batches was greater than 0. 95. Conclusion The method is accurate, reliable, and can reflect complete information for the quality of liqi xiaoying tablets.

Objective:To understand the implementation status of case-based payment among healthcare provid-ers and their cognition on the matter. Methods:Semi-structured interview was conducted on 30 purposely selected staff from 9 hospitals in Chengdu. Results:After one-year implementation of case-based payment, hospitals at different level carried out the policy vigorously:executed corresponding expense control measures and management. Neverthe-less, the proportion of cases that were paid with case-based payment was low, moreover the inclusion criteria for case was of disunity and the formulation of the expense standard was ambiguous to some extent. Conclusion:Certain achievements were accompanied with problems, so it is essential to refine reimbursement standards, improve case-based payment, make clear the inclusion criteria for case and extend the covering range of case-based payment in Chengdu. In addition, the medical insurance agency should strengthen the supervision of healthcare providers,and guide them to set up effective incentive mechanism.

Objective To investigate the aging features of pure leukoaraiosis (LA) in nondemented outpatients. Methods The outpatients with age older than 40 years, without taking cholesterol lowering and B vitamin medications and with mini-mental state examination more than 24 scores were selected from July 2008 to December. 2009 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. LA was defined with MRI. Patients were classified into two groups i. e. LA group consisting of 138 patients with leukoaraiosis but without lacunar lesions and cortical infarcts and a control group consisting of 124 patients without any lesion in brain. Age and other vascular risk factors were also investigated. Results Age of the patients in the LA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P< 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age was independently associated with pure LA ( OR 1.080, 95% CI 1.042-1.120), after adjusting sex, vascular risk factors and presence of atherosclerosis in cervical arteries. If age-stratification was further considered, logistic regression analysis showed that OR (95% CI) for LA was 2.693 (95% CI 1.103-6.575) in a 60-69 year group and 13. 527(95%CI 3.319-55.131) in a≥70 year group as compared with a 40-49 year group. Conclusion Age is a determining risk factor for pure LA and patients with age older than 60 years are at high risk of LA.