Objective To discuss the perioperative nursing care for patients with hepatic cancer located near the central bile duct, who receive microwave ablation treatment by using bile duct cooling protection technique. Methods A total of 21 patients with hepatic cancer located near the central bile duct received percutaneous microwave ablation treatment (PMWA) using bile duct cooling protection technique. Preoperative routine nursing and psychological nursing, close cooperation, close postoperative observation and prompt nursing measures were strictly carried out. Results PMWA was successfully accomplished in all the 21 patients, and no biliary complications occurred. All 21 patients were cured at the time of discharge, no nursing-related complications or death occurred. Conclusion In treating hepatic cancer located near the central bile duct, bile duct cooling protection technique is a new treatment technology. Effective perioperative nursing care can improve the operative success rate and reduce the incidence of complications.