Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser(YAG laser lithotripsy)for the treatment of renal calculi.Methods Percutaneous puncture was performed under continuous epidural anesthesia,and then a pyeloscope(Wolf F8.5/11.5)was inserted and lithotripsy was carried out by using 200-?m holmium laser fiber(0.6-1.2 J/6-10 Hz).After the procedure,the pieces of the calculi were removed.After the operation,renal fistula was maintained for 3-5 d,urethral catheter was retained for 5-7 d,and double-J catheter was kept for 4-8 weeks.Results Stone removal was achieved with one-stage operation in 130 cases [mean operation time,60 minutes(40-150 minutes);and mean hospital stay,8.5 d(7-10 d)];with two-stage operation in 15 cases [mean hospital stay,14 d(12-16 d)];and with three-stage operation in 5 [mean hospital stay,17 d(15-20 d)].In all the 150 cases,by using single tract,stone-free rate reached 86.0%(129/150)after the first-stage operation,and final stone-free rate was 92.0%(138/150).None of the patients had severe complications after the operation.Conclusion Percutaneous nephrolithotomy by using holmium laser is minimally invasive,effective and safe for patients with renal calculi.

Objective To establish the method of thin layer identification of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and solid phase extraction - high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) determination of the content of phellodendrine in Leshu Lotion. Methods Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative identification of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in Leshu Lotion and the Bond Elutplexa PCX strong cation-exchange solid phase was used for extraction small column purification. Platisil-NH2 column was as chromatographic column; column temperature was 30 ℃; triethylamine pH 3.82 (phosphoric acid), tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile was 18:12:70, isocratic elution; flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength was 286 nm. Results TLC could obviously identify active ingredients of phellodendrine in Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. The phellodendrine had good linear relationship between concentration and peak area within the scope of 1.22–12.2 μg (r=0.9999); the average recovery rate of phellodendrine was 101.18%, RSD was 1.71%. Conclusion This method is simple to operate, with accuracy and repeatability, and can be used for quality control of Leshu Lotion.

Objective To investigate domestic child abuse within one year before the survey being conducted in Grades 4-6 preliminary school students and explore the relationship between domestic child abuse and mental health problems including prevalence of mental disorders,anxiety,depression as well as children's selfawareness in this sample.Methods Screen Questionnaire of Child Abuse was used to screen all the students participated in the survey.For those students whose screen results were positive,further face to face interview was needed to verify the abuse history.Once a child was identified as abused one,a student without abuse history would be matched by sex and the same age.Both groups with abused history and without abuse history over past year were evaluated by the two child psychiatrists with diagnostic an statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-Ⅳ) and mental health scales.Results 1500 10-13 year-old children received child abuse screening.23.73％ students surveyed over the past year suffered child abuse in the family.The proportion of boys who were victims of domestic child abuse was 30.44％ while 17.44％ to girls (x2 =5.95,P ＜ 0.01).The proportion of male students who were victims of domestic abuse was two times that of female students.For all participants,14.6％ had been suffered one-way abuse,5％ for two-way abuse,and 3％ for three-way abuse.Prevalence of anxiety disorder in abused students was higher than in non-abused ones (9.26％ vs 3.45％,x2 =3.19,P=0.0015).Similarly,the rate of disruptive behavior disorder in abused students was higher than in non-abused ones(18.53％vs 9.22％ x2 =3.61,P=0.0001).The total scores of The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder was higher in abused students group than in non-abused students group while the total scores of Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale was lower in abused student group than in non-abused student group.Conclusion Domestic child abuse in 10-13 old-age students is a widespread phenomenon and abuse history over last year is associated with current mental health level.

Objectives To study the age and gender distribution of clinical and non-clinical depressive symptoms in chil-dren, and the potential link between non-clinical and clinical depressive symptoms. Methods 4520 children aged 8-15 years old were screened for mental disorders by Strength and Dififculties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA), and further assessed by the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSSC). Fifty-three children diagnosed as depressive disorder were included in clinical group and 1504 children without depression disorders whose DSSC scores≥14 were included in non-clinical group. The relationship between gender, age and DSSC scores was analyzed. Results Interaction effect on DSSC scores between gender and age was found in clinical group (F=4.40, P=0.049), but not found in non-clinical group (F=1.04, P=0.409). DSSC scores of girls were higher than that of boys in clinical group (t=2.16, P=0.048). There was no statistically signiifcant main effect of gender in non-clinical group (F=0.21, P=0.646). No signiifcant difference in DSSC scores existed among different age groups in clinical group (F=0.82, P=0.573). There was signiifcant main effect of age in non-clinical group (F=1.96, P=0.048). Conclusions There were different age and gender distribution of clinical and non-clinical depressive symptoms in children.

Pulsatile blood flow plays an important role in maintaining normal vascular endothelial function. Quantitative measurement of pulsatility of human arterial blood pressure and the influence of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on the pulsatility were investigated in this study. Eight healthy young male volunteers aged 22 to 35 were included. A 4F tip transducer catheter was inserted under local anaesthesia into the radial artery up to the aortic arch. Intraarterial blood pressure was recorded before and during EECP. Blood pulse pressure, pulsatility index (ratio of peak pressure to end diastolic pressure) and standard deviation of blood pressure in 5 cardiac cycle was calculated to evaluate the pulsatility of arterial blood pressure. The results showed that blood pulse pressure, pulsatility index and standard deviation of blood pressure were elevated from 47 +/- 5 mmHg, 1.64 +/- 0.11 and 13.6 +/- 1.5 mmHg to 77 +/- 3 mmHg, 2.46 +/- 0.25 and 19.3 +/- 2.2 mmHg before and during EECP respectively (P < 0.05). Decreasing of systolic pressure and increasing of diastolic pressure during counterpulsation were also observed. EECP gives an elevation of pulsatility to human blood pressure.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Counterpulsation ; Humans ; Male ; Pulsatile Flow

Pulsatile blood flow plays an important role in maintaining normal vascular endothelial function. Quantitative measurement of pulsatility of artery blood pressure and blood flow in dogs and effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on the pulsatility were taken in this study. Common carotid artery blood pressure and blood flow were measured in 6 beagle dogs that had suffered from an acute myocardial infarction 6 weeks before. A 6F tip transducer catheter was inserted into the right common carotid artery to measure blood pressure, and blood flow was measured in the left common carotid artery by an electromagnetic blood flow probe under anesthesia before and during EECP. Blood pulse pressure, pulsatility index (ratio of peak pressure to end diastolic pressure) and standard deviation of blood pressure were calculated to evaluate the pulsatility of arterial blood pressure. Blood pulse flow, pulsatility index (ratio of peak flow to trough flow) and standard deviation of blood flow were calculated to evaluate the pulsatility of blood flow. Mean vascular resistance (MVR) was calculated as MVR = mean blood pressure/mean blood flow. Blood pulse pressure, pulsatility index and standard deviation of blood pressure were elevated from 30 +/- 9 mmHg, 1.26 +/- 0.05 and 8.7 +/- 2.5 mmHg to 43 +/- 8 mmHg (P < 0.05), 1.54 +/- 0.13 and 12.4 +/- 2.0 mmHg (P < 0.05) before and during EECP, respectively. Blood pulse flow, pulsatility index and standard deviation of blood flow were elevated from 317 +/- 48 ml/min, 2.85 +/- 0.21 and 96 +/- 21 ml/min to 447 +/- 88 ml/min, 4.56 +/- 0.90 and 131 +/- 39 ml/min before and during EECP (P < 0.05). MVR was decreased from 578 +/- 72 before EECP to 476 +/- 85 Wood units during EECP(P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that EECP gives an elevation of pulsatility to blood pressure and blood flow, thus it may lead to the decrease of vascular resistance.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Arteries ; physiology ; Counterpulsation ; Dogs ; Hemodynamics ; Pulsatile Flow ; Regional Blood Flow ; Vascular Resistance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem tatrate in subjects from five Chinese ethnicities (Han, Mongolian, Uigur, Korean and Hui). Healthy subjects (10 Hans, 10 Mongolians, 10 Uigurs, 10 Koreans and 9 Huis) were recruited and each received a 10 mg tablet-dose of zolpidem tatrate. A total of 12 plasma samples were collected over a 12 h period after administration. The concentrations of zolpidem in plasma were determined by an HPLC-FLU method, after which the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using DAS 2.0 software and analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. After normalization by weight, no differences were noted in the pharmacokinetic parameters of zolpidem tatrate among the five ethnic groups (P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences between males and females for the pharmacokinetic parameters (P<0.05). The metabolism of zolpidem tatrate in males was faster than in females. Results indicate that ethnicity has no significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem tatrate after a single oral dose in healthy Chinese subjects. However, an effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem tatrate can be noted.