Objective To establish an animal model of sciatic nerve firearms injury in rabbits Methods All of 26 rabbits were divided into A, B, C, D and E groups at random The hit point was the middle point of the body surface projection of sciatic nerve in the right thigh The rabbits were injured with the type 53 musket by balls of 0 38 g and 1 03 g and with the dynamite amounts of 0 35 g, 0 65 g, and 1 20 g The injury velocity of ball was detected, and the transmission energy of steel ball was calculated The pathological changes of sciatic nerve were observed with light and electron microscopy Results In group A, B and D, typical pathological changes occurred In group B, resulting from a ball of 0 38 g and dynamite of 0 65 g, the primary velocity was (939 8?16 0) m/s, the mean transmission energy was (80 0?8 5) J Conclusion Animals inflicted with a type 53 musket with a ball of 0 38 g and dynamite of 0 65 g show typical sciatic nerve injury in a steady situation and can serve for experiment usage

Arsenic trioxide has a significantly positive effect on the treatment of acute promyelocyte leukemia( APL) , and it also has been proved that arsenic trioxide can protect against some other kinds of malignant tumors in recent years. However, with the further research about arsenic trioxide, the reports about car-diac toxicity of arsenic trioxide are increasing. Currently, the possible mechanisms of As2 O3-induced cardiotoxicity are mainly considered to be associated with changes in cardiac ion chan-nels, oxidative stress injury and apoptosis. Research advances on cardiac toxicity of arsenic trioxide and some ways of preven-tion are summarized.

Objective To provide scientific support for the prevention and control of expressway traffic injury by analyzing the epidemiological features of expressway traffic injury in China.Methods The secular trend and epidemiologic features of expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 in China were analyzed.The indicators including mortality of mileage,accident rate of mileage,and accident mortality were used to evaluate the severity of expressway traffic injury in China.Cluster analysis was used to compare the differences of accident rate of mileage and accident mortality from 29 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.Results Except for the yearly increase of the accident mortality and the fluctuant decrease of the mortality and accident rate of mileage,other indicators reflecting the domestic expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 were increased and then decreased,when the decreased indicators were still higher than those in 1994.In addition to the number of accidents of the four basic traffic injury indicators,the proportions of other three indicators(number of wounded and death,direct property damage)in the road traffic injury were increased year by year and the increase was the most obvious in regard of the direct property damage which had accounted for more than 30％ since 2006.The data from 2007 to 2009 showed that the peak time of traffic accidents was at around 4:00 am and around 4:00 pm.The traffic accidents caused by the drivers accounted for 93.02％ and the drivers with less than five years of driving accounted for 40.92％.Pedestrians and passengers were vulnerable to the expressway traffic injury and the accident mortality was the highest(72.75 per 100 accidents).Rear collision(44.17％)and bumping the fixed objects(16.35％)were the major accident types.There was a high accident proportion on the dry road(77.60％)and sunshine day(65.39％).Conclusions With worsening situation of the expressway traffic injury in China,we should,based on the epidemiological features of traffic injury on expressway,take appropriate measures such as strengthening traffic management of expressway and education of road users and improving the emergency medical service level.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Panax Notoginseng Saponins ( PNS ) on Aβ25-35-in-duced apoptosis in PC12 cells and molecular mecha-nism. Methods The cell viability of PC12 cells was detected by MTT assay. The levels of LDH leakage, ROS,MDA,Caspase-3 activity and antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activity were de-termined by respective kits. The apoptosis of cells was decteced by Western blot. Results PNS could signifi-cantly inhibit the decrease of cell viability and LDH leakage, reduce the production of MDA and ROS( P<0. 01), increase the activity of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px ( P <0. 01 ) , and the mitochondrial membrane poten-tial, inhibit the activation of caspase-3 ( P <0. 01 ) in PC12 cells which were induced by Aβ25-35 . PNS could incrase nuclear Nrf2 and up-regulate HO-1 . The neu-roprotective of PNS could be inhibited by HO-1 inhibi-tor ZnPP. Conclusion PNS may inhibit Aβ25-35-in-duced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

This study is to report the study of protective effects of myricitrin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and the investigation of the possible mechanisms of action of myricitrin. The model of H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was used to determine the protective effects of myricitrin. The levels of LDH, MDA and the activities of SOD, NO were measured using the respective kits. The H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was detected using MTT reduction, TUNEL assay, JC-1 and ROS staining. The activation of Caspase-3 was also measured by fluorometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was determined with Western blotting assay. Myricitrin had significant protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results show that myricitrin could attenuate H2O2-induced decrease in the activities of SOD (P < 0.01). Myricitrin could decrease the levels of LDH, MDA and increase cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01). Myricitrin had protective effects in a dose-dependent manner between 32 micromol x L(-1) to 64 micromol x L(-1). Myricitrin pretreatment could attenuate H2O2-induced increase of p-ERK. Moreover, myricitrin pretreatment could up-regulate the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, down-regulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and decrease the expression of Caspase-3, 9. In conclusion, myricitrin had significant protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Myricitrin can enhance the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and decrease the production of free radicals. The possible mechanisms of action of myricitrin are due to myricitrin-mediated inhibition of phosphorylation of the apoptosis signaling pathways-related kinase ERK, up-regulation of the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, and down-regulation of the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein.

In order to find the cardiotonic constituents of lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., the investigation was carried out. Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, medium-pressure MCI and reverse phase ODS column chromatography were used to separate the 90% EtOH extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. The structures of the isolated compounds have been identified by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as benzoic acid-5-hydroxy-2-benzoyl-amino methyl ester (1), honokiol (2), pinoresinol (3), salicylic acid (4), p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (5), songorine (6), karakoline (7), mesaconitine (8), hypaconitine (9) and 14-benzoylhypaconitine (10), separetely. Compound 1 is a new compound and its structure has been established by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR and X-Ray. Compound 2-5 are isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. for the first time.

Objective To investigate how to improve test quality by monitoring and analyzing 15 clinical laboratory quality indicators from the National Health and Family Planning Commission .Methods Data were collected from clinical laboratory department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2011 and August 2015.15 quality indicators were analyzed retrospectively , including the error rate of specimen type , the coefficient variation unqualified rate of internal quality control test, the reporting rate of critical value , et al.Results The monitoring results of quality indicators basically satisfied the quality goals , except that the median of turn around time in pre-analytical phase was not established, routine internal quality control was not conducted in some laboratory tests in analytical phase and the reporting rate and reporting timely rate of critical value should be further improved in post -analytical phase .Conclusion Medical laboratory quality system can be continuously improved by means of setting up the quality goals of 15 quality indicators referring to sub-specialty and laboratory tests , as well as automated monitoring, statistics and analysis in LIS.

Objective To study the chronic toxicity and its severity of a Chinese medicine, Anshen Bunao Liquid ( ABL) , in rats, provide the target organs and extent of reversibility of their adverse effects, determine its non-toxic dose, and to evaluate the safety of medication and provide reference for clinical trial dose and observation indexes.Methods Two hundred and forty healthy 6-week old Wistar rats ( male:female=1:1) were divided into low,middle, and high dose Anshen Bunao liquid groups (2.5, 5, 10 mL/kg),and solvent control group (distilled water 2 mL/100 g), with 60 rats in each group.The drug was orally administered to rats once a day and 6 days per week for 26 weeks.The general state, body mass and food intake were measured.By the end of 13 weeks, 26 weeks of experiment and 4-week recovery period after drug withdrawal, hematological and biochemical indexes were assayed, organ coefficients were determined, and histopathological observation was performed.Results Long-term continuous oral administration of Anshen Bunao liquid, the general state, behavior and gross appearance showed no significant abnormal changes.Compared with the control group, no significant differences in all checked items were found in the treatment groups.During 3 and 6 months, the size and location of organs,organ weight and organ coefficient had no obvious changes, with only non-significant increase of weight of some organs.All the organ coefficients of the animals in different groups were within normal range.Histopathology showed no obvious patho-logical and toxicological changes even in the high-dose drug treatment group, and no delayed toxicity occurred after with-drawal of drug administration.Conclusions The Chinese drug, Anshen Bunao liquid has no obvious toxicity and no de-layed toxicity after withdrawal of the drug in rats.It is expected that the planned dose in clinical use is a safe dose.

Objective To compare the levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from HIV-1 infected and HIV-1 negative individuals and in human tumor cells in the presence or absence of TLR ligand stimulation.Methods TaqMan probe real-time RT-PCR method for human IDO mRNA was established; IDO mRNA levels in the PBMCs from HIV-1+ and HIV-1-individuals were tested; IDO mnRNA levels in mucosal origin(T84,Caco-2,Hela) and leukocyte origin(THP-1,MT-4) tumor cells before and after exposure to agonists for TLR4,TLR7/8 and TLR9 were examined.Results It was found that a high level of IDO mRNA could be found in HIV-1+ individuals( 103.42 copy IDO mRNA/106 copy GAPDH mRNA) ; however,some high risk HIV-1-individuals may have also a high level of IDO mRNA.Some of the tumor cells could express higher level of IDO mRNA after exposure to TLR agonist.Conclusion This study indicated a role for IDO in the viral persistence and tumor formation in HIV/AIDS and further studies were warranted.

Objective To select the optimal acupoints formula by evaluating the efficacy of different groups of acupoints in the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD) with acupuncture. Method Totally 108 PSD patients were randomized into 3 groups, i.e. Neiguan (PC6) group, Taichong (LR3) group, and Baihui (GV20) group, 36 cases each. The acupuncture treatment was given once a day, 5 sessions a week, 3 weeks as a treatment course. The clinical efficacies were compared among the 3 groups after the intervention. The 3 groups were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Quality of Life Scale (QOL) before and after the treatment, and the results were statistically analyzed. Result The effective rates were respectively 72.2%, 75.0%, and 86.1%in Neiguan group, Taichong group, and Baihui group, and the inter-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the HAMD, NIHSS, and QOL scores were significantly changed after the intervention in the 3 groups (P<0.01);the inter-group differences in the NIHSS and QOL scores were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion The three groups of acupoints are effective in improving the depression symptoms, neural defect and QOL, while Baihui group can produce a more significant efficacy in improving the depression symptoms compared to Neiguan and Taichong groups;the effects in improving neural defect and QOL are equivalent among the 3 groups of acupoints.