Objective To compare the value of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 32 patients with suspected breast cancer were enrolled into this study. All patients underwent (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography. The diagnostic efficiency of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography were compared based on the post-surgery pathology. Results The sensitivity of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer was 91.67% and 66.67%, the specificity was 100% and 37.50%, the accuracy was 93.75% and 59.38%, respectively. Combining (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy with planar X-ray mammography, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicting values and negative predicting values for breast cancer was 95.83%, 100%, 96.88%, 82.14% and 47.06%, respectively. Conclusion The diagnostic efficiency of (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy for breast cancer is superior to planar X-ray mammography. (~99m) Tc-octreotide scintigraphy combined with planar X-ray mammography, the diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer will be further improved.

Objective Radiation can cause multiple damages to tissues and organs.This study aimed to explore the protec-tive effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides ( GLPs) against the 60 Co-γray radiation injury in mice and provide an experimental basis for the clinical use of GLPs. Methods One hundred mice were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: normal control, gavage control, radiation control, high-dose GLPs, and low-dose GLPs.Models of radiation injury were made in the mice by whole-body exposure to 60 Co-γrays.Three days before and after mod-eling, the animals in the high-dose and low-dose GLPs groups were given GLPs intragastrically at the dose of 100 and 50 mg/kg respec-tively, once daily for 14 days.Then the 30 day survival rate and sur-vival time of the model mice were recorded and the changes in the pe-ripheral blood index, spleen index, and serum superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity were observed. Results GLPs significantly increased the 30-day survival rate and the mean survival time of the mouse models (P<0.05), decreased the reduction of WBC count in the peripheral blood, and shortened the time of WBC restoration ( P<0.05 ) .Furthermore, GLPs obviously improved the spleen index and SOD activity of the Co-γray irradiated animals. Conclusion GLPs, with a significant anti-radiation effect, can effectively raise the survival rate of the mice exposed to a lethal dose of 60 Co-γrays, reduce radiation injury to WBC and platelets, and increase the activity of SOD in irradiated mice.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of local injection of botulinum toxin A ( BTX-A ) combined with infrared polarized light for patients with chronic migraine ( CM ). Methods Ninety-one patients with CM were randomly divided into 4 groups.Group A served as the control group in which Nimodipine was used to treat CM ( n =22 ) ; in group B infrared polarized light was used to irradiate the area of the CM for 50 to 60 d ( n =22 ) ; in group C subcutaneous injections of BTX-A were used ( n =24 ) ; and in group D infrared polarized light irradiation of the affected area was combined with subcutaneous injections of BTX-A ( n =23 ).The onset of headaches,their severity,quality of life,as well as side effects were recorded using the migraine disability assessment scale (MIDAS) and the short form of the medical outcomes study form (MOS-SF).The results obtained before and after 6 months of treatment were compared. Results Both of MIDAS and MOS-SF assessment showed significant differences before treatment and after 1,3 and 6 months of treatment in all groups.After 1,3 and 6 months of treatment,the MIDSA and MOS-SF results revealed statistically significant differences between groups A and D,as well as between groups B and C. Conclusion BTX-A injection combined with infrared polarized light exerts significant therapeutic effects on CM with few side effects.

Objective To study the feasibility of a novel probe 99Tcm-HYNIC-2(poly-(ethylene glycol),PEG) 4-Dimer (Dimer:E-[c (RGDfK) 2]) as a potential imaging agent for integrin αv β3 positive tumors,and also to observe the influence of an angiogenesis inhibitor,endostar,on the biodistribution and tumor uptake of the tracer in tumor bearing nude mice.Methods The expression of integrin αv β3 in human glioma cells U87MG was determined with immunofluorescence staining before and after treatment with endostar.99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was prepared and administered in U87MG tumor bearing mice in 6 h after either administration of endostar (200 μl) or saline (control group) and then biodistribution study was performed.Other 16 mice were divided into endostar treated group (20 mg/kg) and control group (saline) and then gamma imaging was performed in the two groups.Statistical significance of differences between the two groups was assessed using two-sample t test.Results Radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was exceeded 95％.The expression of integrin αvβ3 in U87MG cell was high and gradually decreased after treatment with endostar.There was a negative dose-effect relationship between the dose of endostar and the expression of integrin αvβ3 with the peak effect at the dose of 400 μg/ml.The distribution study in vivo showed that the tracer uptake of U87MG tumors was high,but it decreased after injection of endostar.At 90 min,the ％ID/g of endostar and control groups were 1.50±0.08 and 6.27±0.33,respectively (t =40.23,P＜0.05).The average T/NT ratios of 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer uptake in the endostar and control groups were 1.02±0.11 and 2.58±0.36,respectively (t =10.25,P＜0.05).The integrin αv β3 positive expression ratios of tumor in endostar and control groups were (33.1 ±2.7) ％ and (81.5±3.2) ％,respectively (t =32.60,P＜0.05).Conclusions The novel probe 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer may be a promising radiotracer for integrin αvβ3-positive tumor imaging.It may be used for monitoring the therapeutic effect of endostar and may be potentially used for screening the candidates of anti-angiogenesis therapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictors of local recurrence and survival in primary retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (PRLS).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 cases of PRLS between August 2006 and April 2012. There were 9 male and 37 female patients, and they were 30-79 year old (median 49 year old). Kaplan-Meier estimations and Cox regression analyses were performed.

RESULTSThe tumor size were 5-36 cm, and 29 cases (63.1%) of this group was more than 10 cm. Local 3- and 5-year control rates after complete resection were 47% and 30%. FNCLCC (Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer) grading (RR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.59-6.04), gender (RR = 5.30, 95%CI: 1.64-17.13) and blood loss (RR = 3.12, 95%CI: 1.28-7.60) were independent prognostic factor of local recurrence in multivariable analysis (P < 0.05). The 5-year disease-free survival rates after complete resection of PRLS was 26%; and the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates after complete resection was 48%. The median DSS was 60 months in negative margin of resection and 50 months in positive margin. However, by multivariate analysis, only FNCLCC grading was significant independent predictors of DSS (RR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.16-3.49, P = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONSGender, FNCLCC grading and blood loss were independent prognostic factor of local recurrence. The disease-specific survival in PRLS varied significantly according to FNCLCC grading.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Leiomyosarcoma ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective To evaluate the role of 131I SPECT/CT in post-surgical re-staging and recurrence risk stratification in patients with DTC and its impact on subsequent treatment strategy.Methods 131I-WBS and 131I SPECT/CT were performed at the same time 5 to 7 d after 131I treatment in 118 patients (33 males,85 females,average age 45 years) with DTC.Difference in the localization and qualitative diagnosis of 131I uptake lesions between 131I-WBS and 131I SPECT/CT were compared.Value of 131I SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of TNM staging,risk stratification and impact on the treatment strategy was evaluated.Paired χ2 test was used for data analysis.Results A total of 509 foci with 131I uptake were detected.131I-WBS found 449 foci with 131I uptake,354 of which (78.84％) were correctly diagnosed.131I SPECT/CT found 509 foci with 131I uptake,and 504(99.02％) were correctly diagnosed.The difference was statistically significant (χ2=21.51,P<0.01).131I-WBS changed the clinical staging in 13 cases with diagnostic accuracy of 5/13.131I SPECT/CT changed the clinical staging in 19 cases and with diagnostic accuracy of 19/19 (χ2=74.41,P<0.01).131I-WBS changed the risk stratification of 13 patients after operation and the accuracy was 5/13,the corresponding data were 22 and 100％(22/22) for 131I SPECT/CT (χ2=74.41,P<0.01).The treatment strategy was changed in 50 patients with 131I SPECT/CT.Conclusions Compared with 131I-WBS,131I SPECT/CT could provide more accurate positioning and qualitative information for 131I treatment and is more accurate in re-staging and risk stratification.

Objective To investigate the value of KIM-1 and NGAL in predicting the early diabetes nephropathy(DN).Meth-ods 132 cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients were recruited in this study,patients were divided into four groups based on the urine albumin/creatinine and serum creatinine levels,as follows:normal albuminuria group (45 cases),mi-croalbuminuria group (36 cases),clinical albuminuria group (30 cases),renal failure group (21 cases),65 healthy subjects were recruited as control group.Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results With the progress of DN,urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels gradually increased (P<0.05),the urinary KIM-1/Ucr level was positively correlated with ACR (r=0.822,P<0.01),and the urinary NGAL/Ucr was positively cor-related with ACR (r=0.842,P<0.01).Conclusion The urinary KIM-1 and NGAL level can predict the occurrence of ear-ly DN,and also monitor the progression of DN.

Objective To study the efficacy on hormone levels of radiofrequency ablation combined with mifepristone in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods A total of 126 patients in our hospital of uterine fibroids were divided into two groups, study group with 63 cases were given radiofrequency ablation therapy after mifepristone orally; Control group with 63 cases were given underwent radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of patients , the efficacy and sex hormones of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) were compared. Results After radiofrequency ablation combined with mifepristone treatment , clinical efficacy rate was 98.41%, significantly higher than the control group, and FSH, LH, P, E2 levels of two groups were significantly different (P<0.05), in which P, E2 were significantly lower than the control group after treatment, the study group;uterine fibroid volume than before treatment significantly reduced , and obviously less than that of the control group , the tumor size was also higher than that in control group (P < 0.05); study group patients with adverse drug reaction light, only 1 cases of nausea, 2 cases of mild dizziness symptoms, patients in the two groups are no adverse reaction rate shows no statistical difference between significance(P>0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of radiofrequency ablation combined with mifepristone in the treatment of uterine fibroids significantly , and its mechanism may be through decreasing serum P, E2 levels and reducing myoma volume of uterine fibroids disappeared.

BACKGROUND: Embryonic stem cells fESCs) develop from early blastular inner cell mass.Under proper condition,ESCs can maintain undifferentiated state in vitro,normal diploid nuclear type,and proliferative potential.In addition,ESCs possess multi-directional differentiation capacity and can differentiate into all sorts of cells of three germ layers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of directed differentiation of ESCs towards thyroid cells in vitro as well as related molecular expression. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: A cell-based observational experiment was performed at the Bank of Cord Blood,Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between January 2004 and December 2006.MATERIALS: Balb/c pregnant mice at pregnancy 12.5-14.5 days were used for preparation of embryonic fibroblast feeder layer.E14 mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) strains were gifted by professor Xu from Harvard University.METHODS: Murine El4 ESCs were cultured in methylcellulose semisolid medium to form embryoid bodies (Ebs).These Ebs were transferred for further inductive culture with the stepwise addition of growth factors- thyrotropin (TSH),insulin and kalium iodidum (KI).The cultured thyroid cells of adult Kunming mice were taken as positive control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Cellular morphological change in the process of differentiation.② Detection of expression levels of TSHR,PAX8,TTF-2,and TIF-1 by immunofluorescence assay.③ Detection of expression levels of TSHR,PAX8,NIS,TPO,and Tg by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: The differentiated cells had clear boundary,exhibiting round,oval,shuttle-shaped,or polygon adhesive growth.On day 6 of inductive ifferentiation,the differentiated cells showed the expression of PAX8,NIS,TPO,Tg,and TSHR,the specific gene of thyroid ceils.On day 8 of inductive differentiation,the expression of TSHR,TIF-1,PAX8,and TIF-2 was detectable in the differentiated cells with morphous similar to thyroid cells.CONCLUSION: ESCs can differentiate towards thyroid cells under given inductive conditions.

The vagus nerve, as an important "guardian" of the body, is involved in the steady-state regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal digestion and endocrine systems. Recent studies have shown that the vagus nerve plays an important regulatory role in inflammatory response via the inflammatory reflex, which is closely related to the fact that the afferent and efferent fibers of the vagus nerve can sense and regulate inflammation, respectively. The pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis is based on the dysregulation of immune response, and it is often initiated by the excessive inflammatory response of the innate immune system. In recent years, in order to expand intervention strategies for the immune dysregulation of sepsis, researchers have made many efforts on regulating the inflammatory response of the vagus nerve in sepsis. This article focuses on the mechanism of vagus nerve-mediated inflammatory reflex and the regulatory role of vagus nerve in inflammatory response of sepsis, in order to reveal new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of sepsis.