Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of children with lupus nephritis(LN).Methods The data of 116 inpatients from Mar.2000 to Nov.2008 with LN were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical,immunochemical and pathological data were recorded.Renal tissue was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy after HE,PAS,Masson and PASM staining according to WHO standards.Follow-up results showed complete remission,partial remission,disease activity,renal insufficiency and death.Results Of the 116 cases of LN,there were 27 male and 89 female with a ratio of male to female 1.03.3,and the mean age was(12.0?2.2) years.The incidence of nephrotic syndrome was 63.8 %(74 cases),and acute nephritis was 21.5%(25 cases).Class Ⅳ LN was the most frequent type(14 cases,50%) and classⅢ was next(25 cases,21.5%).In view of the outcome,rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and class Ⅳ LN were the worst.LN was initially controlled in 96.5% of the patients.Relapses of LN were most caused by the intermittent treatment.Totally 32 cases showed different renal injury,and 6 cases progressed to death.Conclusions Renal biopsy is important to diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of LN.Long and regular treatment is important for children with LN.

Objective To determine the weight coefficient of the customer requirements of emergency infusion equipment.Methods Customer requirements were made clear using methods of literature research, personal interviews and expert meeting. Analytic hierarchy process approach was adopted to establish the hierarchical structure model, construct paired comparison matrix structure, calculate the weight coefficient and make logic consistency check.Results The weight coefficients were determined for 8 primary and 36 secondary customer requirements, which all met the logical consistency check (CR<0.1).Conclusion The research and development of emergency infusion equipment has to pay attention to such key requirements firstly as safety, efficacy and portability, and the intelligence has to be supported by the key requirements and intermediate needs.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice CT (MSCT) and multi-dimensional reconstructions for congenital pulmonary stenosis (PS) in children.MethodsThe enhanced thin CT images of 33 patients with PS were retrospectively analyzed,the data was transmitted to the workstation for multi-planar reformation ( MPR),volume rendering technique (VRT) and maximum intensity projection (MIP).The CT imaging features of PS were analyzed combining with operation resul ts and Ultrasonic Cardiogram (UCG).ResultsIn 33 cases of PS,there were 17 cases with pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS),10 cases with right ventricular infundibulum stenosis (RVIS),and 6 cases with pulmonary trunk stenosis (PTS).The first two were correctly diagnosed by UCG,5 cases of PVS and Icases of RVIS were correctly diagnosed by MSCTA,the later was correctly diagnosed by UCG and MSCTA.In 14 cases with collateral circulations between aorta and pulmonary artery ( APC ),all were correctly diagnosed by MSCTA,only 3 case was diagnosed by UCG,1 case was misdiagnosed as PDA.UCG can clearly demonstrate the others intra-cardiac deformities,such as ASD,VSD,RVH,PFO,SV,DORV,TECD and TBD,the accuracy rate of MSCTA was 39.4％,and MSCTA can clearly demonstrate the origin,course and diameter of extracardiac vascular abnormalities,such as PDA,RAA,TGA,TAPVD,CoA,PLSV and VLSA,the accuracy rate of UCG was 697％.ConclusionsMSCT and multi-dimensional reconstruction were a kind of non-invasive method,it was a good approach for extra-cardiac vascular malformations and APC in PS.Combining with UCG,it can further be used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of intra-cardiac malformation and supply diagnostic evidence for clinical treatment.

AIMTo study the protective effect and mechanism of osthol on learning and memory impairment of mice with acute senile model induced by AlCl3.

METHODSAfter s.c. AlCl3 60 mg.kg-1 for 7 d and i.p. osthol 15 and 7.5 mg.kg-1 for 12 d, using step-through test and step-down test, the effect of osthol on learning and memory was observed and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in blood and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in plasma and cerebrum were measured.

RESULTSOsthol 15 and 7.5 mg.kg-1 significantly improved the capability of memory and enhanced the activities of GSH-PX and SOD in AlCl3 treated mice.

CONCLUSIONOsthol shows protective effect on brain memory impairment of mice in acute senile model induced by AlCl3. Perhaps the mechanism is involved in enhancing the activities of GSH-PX and SOD, clearing away the free radical, protecting the brain neuron from the harm of lipoperoxide.

Acute-Phase Reaction ; Aging ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Aluminum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; drug effects ; Brain ; enzymology ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Cnidium ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

It was demonstrated that there was significantly antigeni c drift in the influenza virus strains from Guangdong in 1996. It was the molecu lar basis of the variation on A、B、C、D and E domain encoded by HA gene, especi ally on A、C and E domain while the change of receptor binding domain played the slight roles in the 1996 influenza outbreak. In the other hand, the variation of No 145 and No 193 encoded by HA gene resulted in biological-feature changes of epidemical influenza isolates, which could be isolated and cultured by MDCK c ell-lines, but difficultly by embryonated-eggs.

Objective:To assess incidence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk of six department patients.Methods:The information of 1 200 patients were collected,200 in each of 6 departments in our hospital.Nutrition status was assessed according to Nutrition Risk Screening(NRS)published by ESPEN in 2001.Results:The incidence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk varied from 7.5% to 59% and 36% to 72% respectively in different department.Conclusion:The incidence of malnutrition is closely related to the kind and severity of the disease.It is nessissary to assess the nutrition status of high risk patients in time.NRS can be used simply and fastly in most inhospital patients.

OBJECTIVETo determine the effects of Jiji decoction (Traditional Chinese Medicine) on the cognitive function and oxidative stress in mice with vascular dementia (VD) induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

METHODSThirty-two mice were randomly divided into nonnal group (n = 8), sham group (operation, but no cerebral ischemia/reperfusi6n, n = 8), model group (vascular dementia model induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, n = 8), and Jiji decoction-treated group (vascular dementia model plus treatment with Jiji decoction, n = 8). Fourteen days of treatment after operation, the cognitive behavior was measured in step-through test, spatial probe test and platform test. Afterwards, to assess the levels of oxidative stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in brain of these mice were measured.

RESULTSData from step-through test indicated that the escaping latency of Jiji decoction-treated group was prolonged and the error counts were decreased significantly ( P <0.01) compared with those of model group. Data from spatial probe test indicated that the time of entering darkroom, the time of climbing height and the time of entering bright room in Jiji decoction-treated group were shortened and the counts of climbing height were increased (P < 0.05-0.01) significantly compared with those of model group. Data from platform test showed that the escaping latency of Jiji decoction-treated group was prolonged significantly (P < 0.01) compared with that of model group. Compared with normal and sham group, the activity of SOD was decreased and the content of MDA was increased in model group significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with those of model group, the levels of SOD and MDA in Jiji decoction-treated group were improved significantly (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONJiji decoction could improve cognitive function of VD mice. Its mechanism might be related with the inhibition of oxidative stiess in the brain.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction ; physiopathology ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Dementia, Vascular ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To study insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin secretion in obese subjects with impaired glucose regulation (ICR) in Shanghai. Methods A total of 129 subjects [38 lean controls and 91 obese subjects with ICR including 64 isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) ,8 isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFC) and 19 IFC + ICT] underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and insulin-modified reduced sample number (n = 12) of Bergman's minimal model method with frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT). Insulin resistance was determined from the insulin sensitivity index (S1) of the FSIGTT. Insulin secretion was determined during the FSIGTT by the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg). The disposition index (DI) , the product of AIRg and S1, was used to determine whether AIRg was adequate to compensate for insulin resistance. Results (1) Compared with normal controls, the value of S1 was significantly decreased in 3 groups with ICR (all P

At present, cancer is still one of the most serious threats to human health. Despite the wide application of multiple cancer therapies in clinical practice, the therapeutic effects of most cancers are still far from satisfactory. In recent years, the discovery of regulated cell death may be a good first step on the road to treat cancer. Ferroptosis is triggered by lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane catalyzed by iron ion. It has been widely concerned as an emerging target for cancer therapy. With the booming of biomedical nanotechnology, ferroptosis as an emerging therapeutic target has attracted extensive attention. Here, we review the advance on the intersection of ferroptosis and biomedical nanotechnology. First, the research background of ferroptosis and nano-preparation as well as the feasibility of ferroptosis-based nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) for cancer treatment are presented and analyzed. Then, the strategies for inducing ferroptosis based on nano-DDS are summarized, mainly including: the promotion of Fenton reaction, the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4) and the restriction of the cysteine-glutamate exchange transporter (system Xc^-). Furthermore, the combination therapy strategies based on biomedical nanotechnology induced ferroptosis are also discussed. Finally, we shine the spotlight on the prospects and challenges of ferroptosis-based nanotherapeutics in clinical application.

BACKGROUNDCentral venous thrombosis is a serious and life-threatening complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients with an indwelling catheter. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of thrombosis of the superior vena cava and auxiliary branches in Chinese HD patients with an indwelling internal jugular venous catheter and to explore its risk factors.

METHODSFifty-four patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with an indwelling catheter were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, subclavical vein, brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava was assessed by vascular ultrasound. Collected were data on age, gender, ultrafiltration volume, Kt/V, blood pressure, levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, lipid, calcium, and phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.

RESULTSThe patients were given short- or long-term double lumen central venous catheters. Among them, 42 patients had the catheter placed into the right internal jugular vein, and 12 patients into the left internal jugular vein. Different degrees of central venous thrombosis were found in 33 patients (61.1%). The prevalence of thrombosis in the jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein, subclavical vein and superior vena cava was 61.1% (33/54), 44.4% (24/54), 16.7% (9/54) and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. Among the 33 HD patients with central venous thrombosis, the percentages for one, two, three and four affected veins were 27.3% (9/33), 45.4% (15/33), 18.2% (6/33) and 9.1% (3/33), respectively. Twelve (12/33, 36.4%) of the 33 HD patients with central venous thrombosis had clinical symptoms. Nine patients (27.3%) had edema of the upper extremity and 3 (9.1%) had new-onset symptoms of pulmonary embolism such as cough, chest distress and short breath. The incidences of diabetes mellitus and malignant tumor and levels of lipoprotein a and homocysteic acid were significantly higher in the HD patients with central venous thrombosis than in those without central venous thrombosis. Logistic regressive analysis revealed that high level of homocysteic acid was the important risk factor for central venous thrombosis in HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of central venous thrombosis in Chinese HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein is quite high, especially in those patients with diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, high levels of serum lipoprotein and homocysteic acid. Its clinical symptoms are insidious but dangerous. High level of homocysteic acid may be the important risk factor for central venous thrombosis in Chinese HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein.

Adult ; Aged ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; pathology ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; pathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis ; adverse effects ; Vena Cava, Superior ; pathology ; Venous Thrombosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Young Adult