Objective To increase the awareness of thyroid diseases through observing the relationship between ultrasound indications of thyroid and thyroid disease,and to enhance the understanding of thyroid disease through outpatient data.Methods Two hundred women aged 25 to 50 with thyroid imaging data were selected from the Department of Ultrasonography,the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.Seven indications including age,body weight,thyroid volume,the number of nodules,nodule size,nature of nodules and thyroid disease were recorded.Thyroid cases were divided into four groups based on their sonographic changes of color Doppler ultrasound:normal group (136 cases):sonographic changes of thyroid were approximately normal ; mild degree group (9 cases):consisting of patients with mild thyroid disease,diffused thyroid enlargement or combined cystic nodules; moderate degree group (38 cases):consisting of patients with moderate thyroid disease,hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism; severe degree group (17 cases):consisting of patients with severe thyroid disease,thyroiditis and/or with hemorrhage and calcification.Data were analyzed using the method of clinical case observation and SPSS 16.0.Results We found that in mild degree group the discriminant coefficients of thyroid volume,the nature of thyroid nodules and nodule size were 0.085,0.169 and 0.695; but in sever degree group the corresponding values were 0.158,0.344 and 0.484,respectively,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =43.3,df =18,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The nature,size and area of thyroid nodules are closely related to the progression of thyroid disease.The color Doppler ultrasound data of outpatients as a part of hospital statistics have important theoretical and practical value.

Objective This study aimed to explore the correlated effects of family environment on children aged 0-4 who were suffered from disabilities.Economic conditions of the families and socio-economic status of the parents were also analyzed.Methods Based on the database from the National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006,a new database was intercepted with the information of children aged 0-4 and their parents.The total sample size was 73 394.Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were used to explore the effects related to family environment.Software used in statistical analysis was SPSS 16.0.Results The risks of disability started before the age of 3,and increased along with age (the odds ratios on children at 0 to 4 years old were 0.47,0.66,0.90,1.56 and 1.47),which described the “cumulative” nature of prevalence levels of disability.The risk of disability among male children was higher than female (OR =0.82).The lower the per capita household income was,the higher the risks of disability of the children ( OR≤683 =1.80 ; OR684-944 =1.79; OR945-2948 =1.23 ; OR2949-7254 =0.71 ; OR≥7255=0.34) appeared.When living together with parents under the same roof,the risk of disability was significantly correlated with their parents' schooling:literate vs.illiteracy (with father P≤0.001,OR =2.18 and mother P=0.02,OR=1.82).Regarding the parents elementary school education,it appeared that only on father,the result was P=0.05,OR=1.56.Employment status of the father was not significantly correlated with children' s incidence of disability,while the mother' s employment status was significant (P=0.02,OR=1.19).Data from the descriptive analysis showed that factors as first marriage and remarriage of the mother were significantly correlated to their children' s occurrence of disability while remarriage of the father was also a significant factor.However,in multivariate analysis,both father and mother' s marriage status were not significantly important.Conclusion Reducing the risk of disability was important on the health of children.Among younger children,the family environment appeared to have the direct impact on the occurrence of disability.

Objective By analyzing the surveillance result of Brucellosis in human being of Guizhou province from 2005 to 2008,to understand the current situation of relevant population with brucella infection,and then to provide the basis for the development of prevention and control measures.Methods According to the Brucella Disease Monitoring Standards (GB 16885-1997),in Guizhou province,Huaxi,Wudang,Xingyi,Dushan,Ceheng,Long Lane,Xifeng,Carey,Ziyun and so on other areas(city,county) were selected as monitoring points,and occupational groups of animal husbandry in agricultural areas,as well as farmers and students contacted with livestock were selected as monitoring subjects.Rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT) were used to detect Brucellosis antibody.Results From 2005 to 2008,Brucellosis antibody detection rate was 0.63％(37/5904) in target groups of Guizhou province,specifically,the rates in Huaxi,Wudang,Xingyi and Ceheng counties(towns or districts) were 2.28％(19/832),0.16％(2/1274),1.84％(15/815) and 0.14％ (1/735),respectively; the rates in livestock workers,peasants and students contacted with livestock in rural areas were 1.29％ (36/2800),0.04％ ( 1/2814) and 0.00％ (0/290),respectively.In all antibody positive carriers,most were dairy cattle raisers which accounted for 83.78％ (31/37) in the total infected persons.Conclusions Dairy cattle and goat raisers in some counties(towns or districts) of Guizhou province have infected Brucellosis,and direct contacts with brucella-carrying cattle is the major route of Brucellosis transmission in human being.Strengthen livestock quarantine and dispose infected livestock timely are the key of Brucellosis control.

Objective To explore the epidemics of influenza viruses in Guangzhou area from 1998 to 2003. Methods The specimens for viral isolation were taken with swabs from children's throats and the material was inoculated into the MDCK cells and were incubated at 33 ℃ The supernatant of MDCK cells culture was tested with hemagglutination test. Results Influenza viruses were isolated from 264 of 3444 children; total positive rate of influenza virus isolation was 7.6%. The positive rate of influenza viruses was 16.8% in 1998; the prevailing strain of influenza viruses was H3N2. The influenza viruses isolation rate was 7.4% in 1999;the positive rate was 8.4% ; HIN1 occurred in 2000, the positive rate was 3.8%. H3N2 did not occur in 2001; the positive rate was 7.3% ; influenza B viruses was the prevailing strain in 2002; the positive rate was 1.7% in 2003. Influenza B viruses was Yamagata like strain from 1998 to 2001, Victoria like strain from 2002 to 2003. H9N2 avian influenza virus was isolated from a child. Conclusions Influenza was prevalent in Guangzhou in 1998, but not prevalent from 1999 to 2003. Most of influenza B viruses were Yamagata strain. There were cases avian influenza caused by H9N2 in 1999.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Fatty Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sex Factors ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo understand the characteristics of human calicivirus (HuCV) infection in infants with diarrhea in Guangzhou city and to study genotype of the virus.

METHODSThe authors collected fecal specimens from 22 children with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis from November to December, 2001. HuCV was detected from the specimens by RT-PCR. The PCR products were cloned into the PMD18-T cloning vector and sequenced.

RESULTSHCV was detected from the specimens of 2 cases (9%, 2/22). The nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the virus strains belonged to genotype 2 of Norwalk-like viruses.

CONCLUSIONHuCV is one of the pathogens causing diarrhea in infants and young children in Guangzhou area. HuCV infection occurred sporadically in autumn and winter.

Base Sequence ; Caliciviridae ; genetics ; Caliciviridae Infections ; complications ; virology ; China ; DNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; etiology ; Dysentery ; etiology ; Feces ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ileal Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male ; Parenteral Nutrition

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; genetics ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; genetics ; Paraffin Embedding ; Translocation, Genetic

This study was aimed to investigate the clinical value of quantification of AML1/ETO fusion transcripts using real-time reverse transcription PCR. Fourteen AML1/ETO positive children out of 52 AML children were selected. A serial dilution of AML1/ETO plasmid was used as a template for the AML1/ETO real-time PCR. AML1/ETO was quantified according to the expression of the GAPDH housekeeping gene at new diagnosis and during/after chemotherapy and transplantation. SPSS statistics was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the ratio of AML1/ETO: GAPDH expression level at new diagnosis varied in the range 0.219-2.080 (median 0.648) among the patients, without relevance with percentage of blasts. The detection sensitivity was up to the dilution of 1:10(5). Six patients showed a slight decline of AML1/ETO (higher than 5 x 10(-2)) at 1 month, three of whom relapsed in the early stage and one later. Five patients had a higher level than 5 x 10(-3) at 3 months, three of whom relapsed. Four patients with always a higher level than 5 x 10(-3) all relapsed in early stage. After six months, four out of them with constant low-level expression (10(-4) - 10(-6)) were in continuous complete hematological remission (CCR). In another patient, a rapid rise of AML1/ETO transcripts could be detected at CR stage and he relapsed 5 months later. The AML1/ETO gene expression leveling off by 10(-5) - 10(-6) could be detected in 3 patients at their complete remission after 9 months. It is concluded that real-time RT-PCR is a suitable approach for quantifying AML1/ETO transcripts in monitoring of AML patients with t(8;21) during/after chemotherapy and provides data of diagnostic relevance.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Transcription, Genetic

OBJECTIVEThe incidence of type 1 diabetes varied in different countries, different nations and different regions. This survey was conducted to clarify the incidence of type 1 diabetes of children in Beijing area between 1997 and 2000, to compare and analyze the difference in incidence of type 1 diabetes between the 2 periods of 1988 - 1996 and 1997 - 2000.

METHODAccording to the criteria of WHO Diabetes Mondial (DIAMOND), data were collected from all the children younger than 15 years of age in Beijing area who had the onset of type 1 diabetes during Jan. 1st, 1997 to Dec. 31st, 2000. Using the capture-recapture methods, 95% confidence intervals of incidence were calculated with Poisson's distribution formula. The significance of differences was tested with Chi-square method.

RESULTSThe incidences of type 1 diabetes during 1997 - 2000 were around 0.76/100 000 to 1.21/100 000. The average yearly incidence was 1.014/100 000 (95% confidence interval was 0.98/100 000 - 1.16/100 000). There was no significant difference in the incidence between 1988 - 1996 and 1997 - 2000, and it showed the same result when the incidences were adjusted by age according to the Chinese population census in 2000 (The incidence was 0.83/100 000 in 1988 - 1996 and 0.86/100 000 in 1997 - 2000, respectively). The incidence was higher in 10 - 14 year-old group than the younger groups (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between male and female groups, either.

CONCLUSIONSNo significant difference was found between the periods 1988 - 1996 and 1997 - 2000 when the average yearly incidence of type 1 diabetes of children in Beijing was compared. These results were different from the other countries' reports that the incidence of type 1 diabetes was increasing by 3% - 5% per annum. There was no significant difference between male and female groups either and there was a higher incidence of type 1 diabetes in 10 - 14 yr group than the other groups in 1997 - 2000. Although the life-style of Beijing people changed a lot, it didn't affect the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children in this area. But since many people migrated to Beijing from other parts of the country, the changes in constitutive proportions of population might have some impacts on the results of the survey.

Age Factors ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Sex Factors