Objective To develop a sensitive HPLC method for the determination of malachite green in fresh water. Methods The HPLC column of ZORBAX SB-C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was employed and acetonitrile and acetate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH=4.5, V∶V=80∶20) were taken as the mobile phase. The samples were tested at wave length of 588 nm after post-column oxidation with PbO2 flowed at 1.5 ml/min. Results The average recovery rate were 98.5% and 97.8% respectively at the water concentration of 2.0 ?g/L and 10.0 ?g/L,the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 11.2% and 8.0%,the least detection limit was 0.02 ?g/L. Conclusion The method is stable,sensitive and suitable for the detection of malachite green in water.

Objective To retrospective analyze the treatment of hallux valgus with the procedure of osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal, combining with osteotomy of the base of the second and/or third metatarsal(s), and to study the indications and effects of this procedure. Methods 35 cases 56 hallux valgus feet were treated by operative procedure from January 1994 to December 2003. 26 cases 43 feet underwent the operative procedure of osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal, 9 cases 13 feet with painful callus under the second and/or third metatarsal(s) head underwent osteotomy of the base of the first, second and/or third metatarsal(s). The axial and lateral films of all feet with loading were taken before and after operation. The change of anatomic indexes and AOFAS of the patient postoperatively were recorded and analyzed. Results In the group with osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal, AOFAS score was 47.6?5.8 preoperatively, and 84.3?5.7 postoperatively. In the group with osteotomy of the base of the first, second and/or third metatarsal(s), AOFAS score was 44.7?5.7 preoperatively, and 85.7?4.5 postoperatively. There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative rontgenographic index and AOFAS in each group. Conclusion The operative procedure is effective. The operative procedure of osteotomy of the base of the first metatarsal can get good result in moderate and severe hallux valgus patients. Osteotomy of the second and/or third metatarsal(s) were recommended in cases with painful callus under the second and/or third metatarsal(s). Normal forefoot appearance and function can be restored by the procedure to reestablish the transverse arch.

0.05). Qs / Qt was significantly higher at 2 min of OLV than that during TLV in both groups ( P 0.05) . The difference in Qs / Qt at 10 min, 30 min and 60 min of OLV between the two groups was statistically significant ( P

Carcinoid Tumor ; pathology ; Groin ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the cytotoxic effects of human γδT cells on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.Methods Normal human PBMC were activated by IPP and rhIL-2.The expansion of γδT cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The concentration of interferon gamma in the supernatants was detected by ELISA.The cytotoxicity of activated lymphocytes against hepatocellular carcinoma cells were measured by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay in vitro.Results After PBMC activated by IPP and rhIL-2 for 10 days,the proportion of γδT cells were expanded from (4.34±1.79)% to (55.65±6.88 )%.The secretion of interferon gamma expanded significantly after PBMC stimulated by IPP,and reached its peak value at the seventh day.The secretion of interferon gamma is lower if it has no IPP.The activated lymphocytes stimulated by IPP were detected to have cytotoxicity in vitro against human hepatocellular carcinoma ceils.Conclusion The high proportion of γδT cells can be gained in human PBMC activated by IPP,PBMC stimulated by IPP can secret interferon gamma effectively and the activated γδT cells have high cytotoxlcity in vitro against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

With the concept of vascular cognitive impairment has been deeply recognized and the thorough studies of its pathogenesis,study reports on vascular cognitive impairment have been increasing in recent years.This article reviews the molecular mechanism and genetics of vascular cognitive impairment.

Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective The aim of this study was to explore possible pharmacokinetic factors and develop a population pharmacokinetic model for remifentanil in adult patients.Methods Eleven healthy patients,undergoing elective major abdominal surgery,aged 25 to 86 years,received random-ly remifentanil 0.3μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (group R3),or 0.6μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (group R6).Frequent ar-terial blood samples were drawn according to predetermined time and assayed for remifentanil concen-tration.Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM)was used to evaluate the time courses of the measured concentrations.The covariates include age,bodyweight (WT),gender,lean body mass (LBM),body mass index (BMI)and body surface area (BSA).Results The pharmacokinetic data of remifentanil were well described using a three-compartment linear model with first-order elimination from the central compartment.Forward analysis showed that age,height and body mass index (BMI) does not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters,which are contrast with body weight,lean body mass (LBM),body surface area (BSA)and gender;further analysis demonstrated only a significant effect of body weight on remifentanil systemic clearance (CL)and volume of the central compartment (V). For typical 60 years patients,PK parameters were:V1 =7.64 L,V2 =4.81 L,V3 =4.34 L,CL1 =2.74 L/min,CL2 = 0.738 L/min,CL3 = 0.0905 L/min.Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil is consistent with its rapid elimination by blood and tissue esterase in Chinese patients. The systemic clearance and volume of distribution of central compartment increases with body weight in the population and the range of covariates studied,which suggests that a patient with greater body weight needs a greater initial dose and maintenance infusion rate higher to obtain a stable plasma con-centrations and clinical effects.

Objective To compare the response of haemodynamics and intraocular pressure (IOP) to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and tracheal intubation (TT) in children with glaucoma.Methods A prospective,randomized study was conducted in 50 glaucomatous children,scheduled to undergo trabeculectomy and divided into LMA group (25 cases) and TT group (25 cases) by random digits table method.Endotracheal intubation or placement of the laryngeal mask operation time and the dosage of midazolam was noted in each patient.Heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),tip perfusion index (TPI),IOP were measured after anesthesia induction (T1),endotracheal intubation or placement laryngeal mask immediately (T2),endotracheal intubation or placement after laryngeal mask 1 min (T3),2 min (T4),3 min(T5),5 min(T6).Results There was no significant difference in endotracheal intubation or placement of the laryngeal mask operation time and the dosage of midazolam between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with T1,HR,IOP were increased at T2-T4,MAP was increased at T2-T3,TPI was decreased at T2-T5 in TT group,there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,TPI,IOP among different points in LMA group (P ＞ 0.05).HR,MAP,IOP in LMA group at T2-T4 were lower than those in TT group [HR:(119.3 ±8.9),(117.6 ±8.5),(115.2 ±6.9) beats/min vs.(131.3 ±7.1),(128.1 ±6.8),(123.2 ± 8.6)beats/min,MAP:(36.9 ± 5.1),(37.1 ±4.8),(34.7 ±4.6) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(44.1 ± 4.9),(42.8 ± 5.5),(41.9 ± 7.1) mmHg,IOP:(27.6 ± 2.5),(27.0 ± 2.0),(25.9 ± 2.3) mmHg vs.(34.2 ± 2.2),(32.9 ± 1.6),(31.1 ± 2.2) mmHg],TPI at T2-T5 was higher than that in TT group (3.25 ± 0.28,2.99 ± 0.26,3.15 ± 0.31,3.40 ± 0.30 vs.2.69 ± 0.29,2.22 ± 0.27,2.41 ± 0.30,2.66 ± 0.33),and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Insertion of LMA in glaucomatous children is not associated with significant changes in haemodynamics and IOP response and offers advantages over tracheal intubation.

Objective To observe the adipose-derived cytokine changes and aggravate cognitive impairment in olanzapine-induced obese rats caused by glucose metabolic disorder.Methods 20 rats fed with ordinary fodder were used as normal control group,olanzapine group of 20 rats fed with olanzapine(1.2 mg · kg-1) and ordinary fodder for 4 weeks.Successfully established experimental model rats induced by olanzapine after 4 weeks.Serum tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukins 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) contents were measured by Elisa.Serum glucose contents were determined by biochemical colorimetric method and blood lipid contents determined with automatic biochemical analyzer.Learning,memory capacity and escape latency were detected with Maze test.Results After administration 4 weeks,the levels of body weight,blood glucose and blood lipid in olanzapine group were higher than those in control group.The serum TNF-α((1.57±0.04) ng/ml),IL-6((127.47±11.38) pg/ml) and CRP ((2.68±0.06) mg/ml) in olanzapine group rised,compared with control group ((0.59±0.03) ng/ml,(96.58± 8.77) pg/ml and (1.86±0.04) mg/ml respectively),the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Electric shocks and escape latency in olanzapine group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05).The FBS had positive correlation with hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α respectively (r=0.385,0.260,1.280; all P＜0.05).Conclusion Olanzapine can induce metabolic disturbance of blood glucose,blood hpid,and the increase of serum TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP levels in rats.Positive correlation is showed between TNF-of and FBS.Hyperglycemia can promote cell toxicity and leads to cognitive dysfunction in rats.