What is education is a masterpiece on education of karl Jaspers,which gives a profound impact on Germany and the world's education.This paper makes an analysis about it on the basis of the essence of education,philosophical base,teacher- student relationship,university idea and so on,and makes a further efforts to point out that this viewpoint will have deep inspira- tion to the teaching method reform we are now promoting.

Objective To study the effects of intrathecally administered morphine and ketamine on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide content in the spinal cord.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats weighing 220-260 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg?kg-1 . A catheter was implanted in subarachnoid space at lumbal region. Sciatic constriction injury (SCI) was produced by loose ligation of right sciatic nerve trunk with 4-0 cutgut. On the 4th postoperative day the animals were randomly divided into four groups of 8 animals :(1) control group (C); (2) morphine group (M);(3) ketamine group (K) and morphine-ketamine group (KM) . Morphine 20 ?g / ketamine 20 ?g / morphine 10 ?g + ketamine 10 ?g were injected intrathecally every day for 7 consecutive days in group M, K and KM. In control group normal saline was injected intrathecally instead of morphine and / or ketamine. The withdrawal latenvies to radiant heat focused on plantar surface were measured as radiant heat threshold before intrathecal administration of the analgesic (baseline) and 30 min after intrathecal administration of ketamine and / or morphine every day for 7consecutive days. The percentage of maximal possible effect ( MPE % ) was calculated : MPE % = (latency after intrathecal administration-baseline latency) / (radiant heat cut-off time-baseline latency) X 100% . After 7 days of intrathecal administration the animals were decapitated and the spinal cord was immediately removed and the lumbal spinal cord was dissected on ice. NOS activity and nitric oxide ( NO) content were measured by spectrophotometry. Results MPE % was significantly higher in group M and KM than in group C and K ( P

Adult ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; China ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effect and mechanism of total flavones of Bidens pilosa L. (TFB) on IgA1 induced injury of venous endothelial cells in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) children patients. METHODS Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were taken as subject. They were intervened by normal IgA1 and HSP children patients' serum IgA1, and added with different concentrations TFB at the same time. Then they were divided into the blank control group, the normal control group, the HSP IgA1 group, and HSP IgA1 plus TFB (1.0, 0.5, 0.25 mg/mL) groups. Levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in supernate were detected by ELISA. The NO level was detected by nitrate reductase method. mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in HUVECs were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group and the blank control group, levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and NO all significantly increased in the HSP group (P < 0.05). Compared with the HSP group, levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and NO significantly decreased after intervention of TFB (1.0 and 0.5 mg/mL; P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Results of fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot showed, as compared with the blank control group and the normal control group, mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in HSP children patients' serum IgA1 induced venous endothelial cells significantly increased with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the HSP group, mRNA and protein expressions of NF-KB and ICAM-1 were obviously down-regulated after intervention of TFB (1.0, 0.5, 0.25 mg/mL), with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTFB could protect vascular damage by inhibiting in vivo high expression of NF-κB, reducing the production of IL-8, TNF-α, and NO in vascular endothelial cells of HSP children patients.

Bidens ; chemistry ; Child ; Flavones ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; blood ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To discuss the way of open reduction and internal fixation for fractured condylar neck and mandible ramus via intraoral approach aiming to avoid the facial incision. Methods Fifteen cases (17 sides) with mandibular condyle fractures underwent open reduction and osteosynthesis with plates and screws. After the mandibular ramus was under vertical osteotomy with an oscillating saw, the posterior border bone block of mandibular ramus as well as the free condyle neck were taken out. The fractured condyle neck and the posterior border bone block of mandibular ramus were fixated with a titanium miniplate in vitro. The reunion bone was implanted and reposited in the mouth incision. Of all, two cases suffered fracture of the condyle neck in the other hospital when they received esthetic surgery and resection of prominent mandible angle (PMA). Results Anatomic reduction was achieved in all cases, without damage to facial nerve and major auricular nerve or salivary fistula. There were slight bony resorption and good temporomandibular joint function one year after surgery, with range of mouth opening for 25-40 mm (mean 35.8 mm). Two cases regained their occlusion before their PMA operation. One case had premature contact of the buccal teeth,with 1 mm diverging to medline of the incisor teeth. Intraoral approach not only could avoid large facial scars and facial nerve injury, but also allow visualization of the occlusion during the procedure. Conclusions As more and more consideration is taken to cosmetology, the transoral approach is a reliable surgical alternative for fractures of the condyle neck, without leaving extensive visible scars or damaging facial nerve. The disadvantage is vertical osteotomy of the posterior border of the mandibular ramus.

This paper has reported the effect of preservation myceh'al fungus by the methods of slant and rubber plug. The mycelial fungus preserved include 29 genera, 69 species, 128 strains. The preservation time is from 2 years to 17 years. By slant inoculation, their survival conditions are still good keep their original charaters. The result shows that it is simple and effective preserving some mycelial fungus by the methods of slant and rubber plug.

Adult ; Andrology ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; drug therapy

Objective To construct and express a recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj26GST of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj) in Escherichia coli(E.coli) BL21 (DE3).Methods Total RNA was extracted from Sj adult worms by RNeasy Mini kit,26 kilodalton glutathione-S-transferases of Schistosomajaponicum (Sj26GST) antigen gene was amplified by real-time PCR(RT-PCR) from the total RNA,then cloned into a prokaryotic expression plasmid pGEX1λT and transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) to construct pGEX-Sj26GST; BL21 (pGEX-Sj26GST) was induced with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG),and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting.Results The 676 bp Sj26GST gene was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and restriction enzyme double-digestion technique confirmed that Sj26GST antigen gene was successfully cloned into pGEX-1λT vector,the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 52 × 103 by SDS-PAGE,and the amount of expressed protein was 20％ of the total bacterial proteins; the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with Sj by Western blotting.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj26GST is successfully constructed and highly expressed in E.coli and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.

BackgroundRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) has the genetic and phenotype heterogeneity.To determine the disease-causing gene is a foundation of gene therapy.Objective This study was to localize the pathogenic gene and screen the gene mutation associated with Han Nationality autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) in a Chinese family.MethodsTwenty-one families enrolled this study,including 12 patients with ADRP and 9 individuals with normal phenotype.Perimetry,fundus examination,electrooculogram ( EOG ) and electroretinogram (ERG) were performed in 12 patients.Genetic linkage analysis was performed on the subjects in all known genetic loci related to ADRP with a panel of microsatellite markers.Subsequently,the mutation screening of rhodopsin gene was screened by direct DNA sequencing.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.Informed consent was obtained from each subject.ResultsThe fundus appearance of the proband was in accordance with the ADRP,and the EOG and ERG showed undetectable.Contractive visual field also was exhibited in the proband.Linkage analysis showed that the maximum logarithm of the odds(LOD) score reached 3.6671 at marker D3S1292 at recombination fraction θ =0.0.The results of direct DNA sequencing revealed a C→ G transversion mutation at codon 53 in exon 1 of rhodopsin gene,which resulted in a proline to arginine change (Pro53Arg) in 12 patients.However,no similar mutation was found in the unaffected members of this family.ConclusionsThe missence mutation Pro53Arg in rhodopsin gene cosegregate with the RP disease.It is determined to be a pathogenic factor of this ADRP family.

Objective To investigate the weight,length and scale of normal children′ stools and discuss clinical signification.Met-(hods) The fresh stools of 60 normal children (male 34,female 26)were measured,classify the stools according to Bristol′s scale.Results 1.The average weight of stools in 60 cases was (109.53?52.00) g,of male was (123.79?55.87) g,of female was (90.12?(39.66)) g,there was significant difference between them (t=0.013 P0.05);3.The stools was classified into 7 group according to Bristol′s scale.From 1 grade to 6 grade were 3.30%,(5.10%),5.10%,64.40%,15.30% and 6.80%,respectively,but there was no 7 grade stools.Conclusion The weight,length and scales of normal children′s stools can be used as a sign to evaluate the clonic movement of children,especially in diagnosis and treatment of constipation and stools dryness