Objective To study the safety and efficacy of fast track program in anorectal surgery perioperative period. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine cases of rectal cancer were divided into the study group of 86 patients with fast track program, and the control group of 83 patients with traditional programs by random digits table. Both groups were compared from the time out of bed, the first intestinal discharge time,intravenous fluids stopping time,length of hospital stay,total cost of treatment and the incidence of postoperative complications. Results The study group compared with the control group: the first intestinal discharge time [(33.6 ± 12.9) h vs. (81.7 ± 20.1) h], intravenous fluids stopping time [(4.5 ±1.3) d vs.(7.4 ± 1.6) d],and length of hospital stay [(5.6 ± 1.2) d vs.(8.9 ±2.7) d],the total cost of treatment [(15 000 ± 3000) yuan vs. (16 000 ± 4000) yuan], the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05),and had less incidence of postoperative complications in study group than that in control group [5.8% (5/86) vs. 16.9% (14/83)], the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Fast track program in anorectal surgery perioperative period is safe and effective, beneficial,conducive to rehabilitation of patients.