Three patients with carotid body tumor were treated by surgery in our department from 1994 to 1998. There were 3 females with age from 23 to 40 years old. Among 3 cases, 2 cases were misdiagnosis as neurilemmoma before operation. The size of tumor was 2.5×2.5cm in 1, 3.0×3.0cm in 2. The treatment methods were surgery alone in 2, combined radiotherapy in 1. All patients were cured who had not serious complications. We think that the three symptoms of carotid body tumor are important bases for diagnosis on this disease. However, color B ultrasonography, DSA, CT or MRI also provided informations for useful diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the impact of adding human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer pregnancy outcomes in a standard population of non-advanced age with normal ovarian reserve function using a long follicular phase protocol.Methods:Clinical data of 489 patients with normal ovarian reserve function, who were admitted from January 2018 to January 2020 in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and underwent in vitro fertilization for the first time with the long follicular phase protocol in fresh cycles, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to whether or not to add urine-derived hMG and the timing of addition: non-addition group (group A), medium-term hMG group (group B1), whole course hMG group (group B2); the laboratory parameters of each group were observed, and the effect of ovulation induction drugs and pregnancy outcomes were compared.Results:The ages of B1 and B2 groups were significantly higher than that of group A ( P=0.019 and P=0.011). The basal FSH level of group B2 was significantly higher than those of group A and group B1 ( P<0.01 and P=0.006), and the basal FSH/LH ratio of group B2 was significantly higher than that of group B1 ( P=0.009). Antral follicle counts of group A and group B1 were significantly higher than that of group B2 ( P=0.007 and P=0.017). The superior embryo rate of group B2 [(47±27)%] was significantly higher than that of group A ( P=0.017). The embryo implantation rate of group B1 was significantly lower than those of group A and group B2 ( P=0.043 and P<0.01). The clinical pregnancy rate of group B2 [76.7% (155/202)] was significantly higher than those of group A ( P=0.039) and group B1 ( P<0.01). The live-birth rate of group B2 [67.3% (136/202)] was significantly higher than those of group A ( P=0.017) and group B1 ( P=0.001). Conclusions:For non-advanced aged patients with normal ovarian reserve function, the long protocol of follicular phase is suitable for those with relatively low ovarian reserve function. Adding hMG in the whole course of ovulation induction after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist reduction could improve the pregnancy outcomes by improving the quality of embryos.

Aim To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in adenosine induced HepG2 cell apoptosis.Methods HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of ADO for 36 h,and the effect of ADO on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Cell nuclei DAPI staining was used to detect the nuclei change after being treated with different concentrations ADO for 36 h or 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for different time.The effect of ADO on HepG2 cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry after being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for 12 h or 24 h.Translocation of CHOP and Caspase-3 were measured by immunofluorescence after being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for 36 h.The proteins expressions of CHOP,Caspase-4,Caspase-3 and JNK were assayed by western blot.Results The viability of HepG2 cell decreased in a dose-dependent manner;the relative cell viability of 0.5,1,2,4,6 mmol?L-1 decreased by 13.48%?0.12%,27.92%?0.25%,35.21%?0.42%,51.46%?0.24%,71.42%?0.58%,compared with the control group respectively.The nuclei of HepG2 cells treated with different ADO concentrations or 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO showed condensation,rounding and shrinkage,then fragmentation,which demonstrated cell apoptosis.After being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO for 12 h or 24 h,cell cycle analysis showed sub-G1 phase increased;the apoptotic ratio of control,12 h and 24 h was 1.55%?0.12%,10.96%?0.07% and 21.04%?0.26% respectively.Immunofluorescence assay showed the CHOP and Caspase-3 translocation to the nuclei after being treated with 2.0 mmol?L-1 ADO.The expressions of CHOP,Caspase-3 and Caspase-4 increased after being treated with different concentrations ADO for 36 h,while the expression of JNK did not change.Conclusion Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in adenosine-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis.