Objective:To establish a rapid analysis method for determining the content of ephedrine in Biyan sprays. Methods:The FT-NIR spectra of the samples were collected by near-infrared liquid transmission spectroscopy. Using the HPLC analysis values as the reference, a quantitative analysis model for ephedrine was established with partial least square ( PLS) , the first derivative and Nor-ris smooth was used in the spectra pretreatment, and 6 136. 38-5 364. 99 cm-1 and 7 038. 90-6 969. 48 cm-1 were selected as the fre-quency ranges. Results:R2 and RMSEC of the calibration set was 0. 992 6 and 1. 20, respectively. R2 and RMSEP of the vallidation set was 0. 993 5 and 1. 28, respectively. R2 and RMSEP of the cross validation set was 0. 986 9 and 1. 60, respectively. Conclusion:The method is rapid and non-desturctive, and can be applied in the rapid assessment and online examination of the quality of Biyan sprays.

Objective:To investigate the possible roles of the negative co-stimulation molecule PD-L(ligand) in the T-cell mediated immune response against tumor.Methods:Flow cytometric analysis was used to examine murine tumor cell line L929 expresses PD-L(L1 and L2).Anti-PD-L blocking monoclonal antibodies combined with injection i.p.of irradiated L929 into C57BL/6 mice was employed to sensitize the T cells of the animals.2 weeks after sensitization,mice were sacrificed,and splenocytes were prepared to perform the examinations of T cell proliferation,cytotoxic T cells(CTL) activity,and apoptosis through in vitro coculture with L929 in the presence of blocking PD-L antibodies.Results:The expression of PD-L1 by L929 was detectable,whereas there was no expression of PD-L2 on these cells.Application of blocking antibody against PD-L1 or PD-L2 together with irradiated L929 cells in the process of in vivo sensitization as well as in vitro stimulation,it was shown that blockade of PD-L1 significantly enhanced the T cell proliferation induced by L929 cells and the CTL activity against L929,evidenced by the increased apoptosis and death rate of L929 cells.In control,blockade of PD-L2 had small effects on these terms.Conclusion:The negative co-stimulation molecule PD-L1 plays a role in the escape of tumor cells from host T-cell mediated tumor immunity.Therefore,blockade of PD-L1 has potential significance for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective:To provide reference for the pharmaceutical care for aged acute cerebral infarction with various complica-tions. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment for an elder patient with acute cerebral infarction complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding, liver dysfunction and pulmonary infection through providing drug therapy information, analyzing the effect and safety of drug therapy and adjusting the pharmaceutical care plan according to the drug efficacy in time. Results:Taking use of phar-maceutical knowledge, clinical pharmacists provided whole-course pharmaceutical care for the treatment of the patient and coordinated with doctors to make the drug therapy, which guaranteed the effectiveness and safety of therapy. Conclusion:The old are with high in-cidence of cerebral infarction, and complications are common. Due to their physiological dysfunction and the other reasons, high safety risk exists in their drug therapy. Clinical pharmacists can use their professional knowledge to provide whole-course pharmaceutical care for the patients in order to improve the therapeutic effect and promote the rational drug use.

Objective to summarize the clinical experience and results of 50 cases of mitral valve surgery via right anterolateral mini-thoracotomy technique. Methods Patients of mitral valve diseases who accepted such less invasive technique with cap lamp between October 2008 and February 2010 were reviewed.Out of a total 50 cases,38 rheumatic cases underwent mitral valve replacement,12 degenerative cases underwent mitral valvuloplasty,22 cases underwent associated tricuspid valvuloplasty.Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) manifest mean left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was 57.3±6.0%.According to NYHA classification,32 patients were in NYHA class II while the other 18 in class III. Diagnosis was identified according to history, physical examination, ECG as well as TTE. There was no statistical difference with regard to age, body weight, cradiothoracic ratio,size of left atrium,size of left ventricle and LVEF comparing with homochronous mitral valve surgeries via median sternotomy.All the patients adopted single lumen trachea cannula and were positioned on his/her back with a 20-30 elevation of the right side, the right arm was suspended over the head. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established between the femoral artery and bicaval venous cannulation. A 6-8cm incision was created in the right submammary fold and the right chest cavity was entered through the fourth intercostalspace.In addition,two other ports were necessary with one positioned at the cross-point of right medioclavicular line and second intercostalspace for placing long myocardial perfusion needles and superior vena cava blocking belt and the other positioned at the cross-point of right midaxillary line and fourth intercostalspace for placing special aortic clamp as well as inferior vena cava blocking belt. Surgeons should wearing headlamps to obtain a clear operation field. The procedures were then performed through an interatrial septum or interatrial groove incision.Result None of the 50 patients turned into median sternotomy during surgeries, there was no case of prolonged intubation, failure of important organs, hemoglobinuria or death,4 cases appeared hypoxemia during surgeries because of high-frequency ventilation with low tidal volume and all Improved after being treated. One case was complicated by active bleeding of intercostal arteries and recovered uneventfully after secondary hemostasis. Comparing with a group made up of 50 patients of the same period who underwent traditional mitral valve surgery through median sternotomy, there was no statistical difference regarding total operation time(130-206,152.0±42.6min:120-190,145.6±50.4min),the mean bypass time(58-147,75.1±20.3min:56-140,72.0±19.3min),the cross-clamp time (29-71,42.9±16.5min: 27-66,41.7±14.7min),mean parallel cycle time(18-60,28.5±12.8min:21-50,29.5±12.0min)(P>0.05). Tracheal intubation time was similar for both groups.(3.5-12,5.2±2.8h:4-14,5.5±2.6h)(P>0.05).The drainage volume of the mini-invasive group was significantly less when comparing with traditional group and all removed their chest tubes on 1st postoperative day.The mean volume were 40-600(105±40)ml and 150-1000 (300±80) ml, respectively(P<0.05). Volume of blood transfusion was also significantly less than traditional group(200±50ml:300±100ml)(P<0.05).TTE before discharged manifest all mitral valve prosthesis had good function, no paravalvular leak was detected, mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation following valvuloplasty was mild.Conclusion On-pump mini-invasive mitral valve surgery via right submammary thoracotomy which entered the right chest cavity through the fourth intercostalspace together with the using of headlamps can provide a clear operation field. The operating procedure is simple, more important, it is less invasive, less draining and has shorter mean hospital stay and hidden incision. The operation is safety and early postoperative result of this new procedure is satisfactory.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.Due to the difficulty of diagnosis in the early stage of HCC, most HCCs are diagnosed in intermediate-advanced stage.Moreover, the high invasion, metastasis and recurrence rate of HCC result in the high mortality of HCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, endogenous, small, non-coding ,single stranded RNA with the length of 22 nucleotides.There are plentiful of miRNAs in liver.MiRNAs not only can regulate the growth and development of liver, but also are closely related to the formation of HCC.In the process of HCC formation, miRNAs could function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes to regulate multiple biological processes related to HCC, including cell differentiation,proliferation,tumorigenesis,angiogenesis,invasion,and metastasis.With the intensive study of molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in the process of HCC formation, increasingly studies have revealed that miRNAs could become sensitive biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for HCC.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the value of △Np63α in predicting tumor recurrence after curative resection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.Methods We analyzed △Np63α protein cxpression in 304 clinicopathologically characterized ESCC cases by immunohistochemistry.Results We found △Np63α expression was positive in 122 (40％) of 304 cases.△Np63α expression was higher in the cancer tissue than in non-tumorous control tissue at protein level(P =0.034).There was a significant difference of △Np63α expression in patients categorized according to invasive depth (P =0.001),tumor position (P =0.001) and lymph nodes metastasis condition (P =0.001).Multivariate analyses showed that △Np63α was an independent prognostic marker for ESCC recurrence.Conclusion △Np63α is associated with outcome of ESCC and can be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of ESCC patients after curative resection.

Objective:To predict the basic physicochemical properties ,structure and function ,and linear B-cell epitopes of the capsid protein VP1 of coxsackievirus A6(CVA6).Methods: The amino acid sequence of the CVA6 VP1 was analyzed using Bioedit software and various online tools including SubLoc ,TargetP and the others from ExPASy Bioinformatics Resource Portal.Results: The CVA6 VP1 protein was a hydrophilic protein with a relative molecular weight of 33.6 kD and an isoelectric point of 7.92.This protein containsed 24 phosphorylation sites , but no signal peptide , transmembrane domains and possible fatty acylation sites.Its secondary structure was characterized by the richest random coils , and 48.52 percent of its amino acid residues exposed at the solution inter-face.Epitope prediction by Bepipred showed a number of potential B cell epitopes in the protein ,the highest antigenicity index among them located in the region of amino acids residue 155-165.Conclusion:The basic physicochemical properties ,structure and function characteristics ,and potential linear B-cell epitopes of CVA 6 VP1 were successfully predicted , which laid foundations for the further study on the protein and the preparation of vaccines and immunological diagnostic reagents for CVA 6 infection.

AIM: To analyze curative effect of four regulating-intestines prescriptions (Wumei Wan, Baitouweng Tang, Shenling Baizhu San and Tongxie Yao-fang) on the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) through summing up the previous animal experimental results.METHODS: We collected the conclusions in the papers related to four regulating-intestines prescriptions for the treatment of UC which were published recently, made comparisons from the aspectsof symptoms, physical sign, pathological change, cytokine and its protein expression, blood adhesion molecule, cell apoptosis and controlling gene and analyzed the pathogenesis of UC and action mechanism of four regulating-intestines prescriptions. Four regulating-intestines prescriptions included Wumei Wan,Baitouweng Tang, Shenling Baizhu San and Tongxie Yaofang. Wumei Wan is from Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which consists of dark plum, asarum herb, dried ginger, Chinese goldthread, Chinese angelica root, aconite root, pricklyash peel, cassia twig,ginseng (sun-dried ginseng) and bark of cork tree and has marked effect in treating colic caused by ascariasis and persistent dysentery. Baitouweng Tang, from Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases, consists of medicinal herbs such as pulsatilla root, Chinese goldthread, bark of cork tree and ash bark, which has functions of clearing away the heat-evil, expelling superficial evils and relieving dysentery. In addition, it has marked effect in treating heat-type dysentery. Shenling Baizhu San, from Prescriptions of Peaceful benevolent Dispensary, consists of medicinal herbs such as pulp of lotus seed, coix seed, amomum fruit, balloon flower root, white hyacinth bean, poria, ginseng (sun-dried ginseng), glycyrrhiza, bighead atractylodes and rhizoma dioscoreae, which has the nature of replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen and eliminate wetness to arrest diarrhea and has marked effect on treating diarrhea due to the hypofunction of spleen. Tongxie Yao-fang which is from The Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue consists of four herbals of agehead atractylodes, root of herbaceous peony, dried tangerine peel and ledebouriella root and has the functions of soothing liver and invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, and has marked effect on treating liver sthenia and deficient spleen, borborygmus and abdominal pain and diarrhea.RFSULTS: ① Because UC is a chronic protracted dysentery with deficiency of vital energy and existing of evil energy, the vital energy will be harmed if its treatment is specialized in removing and dissolving the stagnation, evil energy will continue to exist and stagnation will continue to accumulate if its treatment is specialized in strengthening vital energy and inducing astringency. Only supporting healthy energy and expelling evil energy is the correct therapy method. This is in accordance with the main treatment of Wumei Wan ②Eliminating dampness and pathogenic heat from the blood to treat diarrhea is the main treatment method of Baitouweng Tang, and this is incompletely suitable for the treatment of UC.③Shenling Baizhu San had the effect on soothing liver and invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, and this is also incompletely suitable for the treatment of UC. ④ The prescription of Tongxie Yaofang is used for treating diarrhea caused by deficient spleen and liver sthenia, and spleen controlled by liver, and abnormal ascent and descent. It accords with main pathogenesis of UC, deficient spleen, excessive dampness of deficient spleen and it is weaker in invigorating the spleen in catabasis of UC than Shenling Baizhu San. Therefore, Wumei Wan has the best curative effect,Baitouweng Tang the second, Shengling Baizhu San the third and Tongxie Yaofang a little poor.CONCLUSION: UC belongs to recurrent dysentery, and its pathogenesis is in accordance with the main treatment of Wumei Wan, but not the other three prescriptions, so Wumei Wan is the most efficient prescription in treating ulcerative colitis. Diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of signs and symptoms of TCM is the premise of obtaining the best curative effect. Modeling of animal tests must be consistent with the type of syndrome of the traditional Chinese medicine. Ating ulcerative colitis (UC) from aspects such as symptom, physical sign, pathological changes, adherence factor, cytokine and its protein expression, apoptosis and its controlling gene by means of modeling, which proves their functions and effects are different and their curative effect are also different due to their different ingredient though they all have the functions of treating. Results of this test show Wumei Wan has the best curative effect, Baitouweng Tang the second, Shenling Baizhu San the third and Tongxie Yaofang a little poor[1-11] Mechanism of four regulating-intestines prescription in the treatment of ulcerative colitis is discussed from the viewpoints of traditional Chinese medicine as follows.

Objectives To study the effects of pU- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- short interfering RNA (siRNA) on the formation and apoptosis of malignant melanoma in models of nude mice and its mechanism. Methods The siRNA eukaryotic expression vector for VEGF was constructed, then transfected into A375 (a human malignant melanoma cell line) by electroporation. The nude mice models of malignant melanoma were constructed. The protein expression of VEGF and factor Ⅷ related antigen (FⅧRAg) specific for vascular endothelial cells was detected by immunohistochemical technique and morphological quantitative analysis. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted based on the endothelial cells positively stained with anti-FⅧRAg antibody. The apoptosis of the neoplasms in nude mice was quantitatively determined by TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results Both the number and the growth speed of the neoplasm formation were lower in the experimental group than those in the controls (both P

OBJECTIVE：Analyzing the epidemic of drug risistance bacteria with extend spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)in children's wards to cut off the transmitting pathway and prevent the outbreak of nosocomial infections in time.METHODS：Samples，including sputum，umbilical secretion，pus，pharyngeal swab，were collected from in-hospital child patients in Departments of Newborn，Respiratory Tract Diseases，Cardiology，Nephrology，Hematology，Pediatric Surgery and ICU，then bacterial cultures and drug susceptibility test were carried out.54 strains of ESBLs E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated and their plasmid profiles were analysed by agarose electrophoresis.RESULTS：The percentages of ESBLs in the above-mentioned departments were 46.3，12.9，5.6，12.9，5.6，11.1，5.6 respectively.In analysis，three types of profiles were found and strains with four types of the same profile concentrated in the Newborn Department.The others were dispersed.CONCLUSION：Nosocomial infections possibly occured in the Newborn Department to some extent.