Objective:To establish a rapid analysis method for determining the content of ephedrine in Biyan sprays. Methods:The FT-NIR spectra of the samples were collected by near-infrared liquid transmission spectroscopy. Using the HPLC analysis values as the reference, a quantitative analysis model for ephedrine was established with partial least square ( PLS) , the first derivative and Nor-ris smooth was used in the spectra pretreatment, and 6 136. 38-5 364. 99 cm-1 and 7 038. 90-6 969. 48 cm-1 were selected as the fre-quency ranges. Results:R2 and RMSEC of the calibration set was 0. 992 6 and 1. 20, respectively. R2 and RMSEP of the vallidation set was 0. 993 5 and 1. 28, respectively. R2 and RMSEP of the cross validation set was 0. 986 9 and 1. 60, respectively. Conclusion:The method is rapid and non-desturctive, and can be applied in the rapid assessment and online examination of the quality of Biyan sprays.

Objective:To investigate the possible roles of the negative co-stimulation molecule PD-L(ligand) in the T-cell mediated immune response against tumor.Methods:Flow cytometric analysis was used to examine murine tumor cell line L929 expresses PD-L(L1 and L2).Anti-PD-L blocking monoclonal antibodies combined with injection i.p.of irradiated L929 into C57BL/6 mice was employed to sensitize the T cells of the animals.2 weeks after sensitization,mice were sacrificed,and splenocytes were prepared to perform the examinations of T cell proliferation,cytotoxic T cells(CTL) activity,and apoptosis through in vitro coculture with L929 in the presence of blocking PD-L antibodies.Results:The expression of PD-L1 by L929 was detectable,whereas there was no expression of PD-L2 on these cells.Application of blocking antibody against PD-L1 or PD-L2 together with irradiated L929 cells in the process of in vivo sensitization as well as in vitro stimulation,it was shown that blockade of PD-L1 significantly enhanced the T cell proliferation induced by L929 cells and the CTL activity against L929,evidenced by the increased apoptosis and death rate of L929 cells.In control,blockade of PD-L2 had small effects on these terms.Conclusion:The negative co-stimulation molecule PD-L1 plays a role in the escape of tumor cells from host T-cell mediated tumor immunity.Therefore,blockade of PD-L1 has potential significance for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective to summarize the clinical experience and results of 50 cases of mitral valve surgery via right anterolateral mini-thoracotomy technique. Methods Patients of mitral valve diseases who accepted such less invasive technique with cap lamp between October 2008 and February 2010 were reviewed.Out of a total 50 cases,38 rheumatic cases underwent mitral valve replacement,12 degenerative cases underwent mitral valvuloplasty,22 cases underwent associated tricuspid valvuloplasty.Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) manifest mean left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was 57.3±6.0%.According to NYHA classification,32 patients were in NYHA class II while the other 18 in class III. Diagnosis was identified according to history, physical examination, ECG as well as TTE. There was no statistical difference with regard to age, body weight, cradiothoracic ratio,size of left atrium,size of left ventricle and LVEF comparing with homochronous mitral valve surgeries via median sternotomy.All the patients adopted single lumen trachea cannula and were positioned on his/her back with a 20-30 elevation of the right side, the right arm was suspended over the head. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established between the femoral artery and bicaval venous cannulation. A 6-8cm incision was created in the right submammary fold and the right chest cavity was entered through the fourth intercostalspace.In addition,two other ports were necessary with one positioned at the cross-point of right medioclavicular line and second intercostalspace for placing long myocardial perfusion needles and superior vena cava blocking belt and the other positioned at the cross-point of right midaxillary line and fourth intercostalspace for placing special aortic clamp as well as inferior vena cava blocking belt. Surgeons should wearing headlamps to obtain a clear operation field. The procedures were then performed through an interatrial septum or interatrial groove incision.Result None of the 50 patients turned into median sternotomy during surgeries, there was no case of prolonged intubation, failure of important organs, hemoglobinuria or death,4 cases appeared hypoxemia during surgeries because of high-frequency ventilation with low tidal volume and all Improved after being treated. One case was complicated by active bleeding of intercostal arteries and recovered uneventfully after secondary hemostasis. Comparing with a group made up of 50 patients of the same period who underwent traditional mitral valve surgery through median sternotomy, there was no statistical difference regarding total operation time(130-206,152.0±42.6min:120-190,145.6±50.4min),the mean bypass time(58-147,75.1±20.3min:56-140,72.0±19.3min),the cross-clamp time (29-71,42.9±16.5min: 27-66,41.7±14.7min),mean parallel cycle time(18-60,28.5±12.8min:21-50,29.5±12.0min)(P>0.05). Tracheal intubation time was similar for both groups.(3.5-12,5.2±2.8h:4-14,5.5±2.6h)(P>0.05).The drainage volume of the mini-invasive group was significantly less when comparing with traditional group and all removed their chest tubes on 1st postoperative day.The mean volume were 40-600(105±40)ml and 150-1000 (300±80) ml, respectively(P<0.05). Volume of blood transfusion was also significantly less than traditional group(200±50ml:300±100ml)(P<0.05).TTE before discharged manifest all mitral valve prosthesis had good function, no paravalvular leak was detected, mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation following valvuloplasty was mild.Conclusion On-pump mini-invasive mitral valve surgery via right submammary thoracotomy which entered the right chest cavity through the fourth intercostalspace together with the using of headlamps can provide a clear operation field. The operating procedure is simple, more important, it is less invasive, less draining and has shorter mean hospital stay and hidden incision. The operation is safety and early postoperative result of this new procedure is satisfactory.

Objective:To provide reference for the pharmaceutical care for aged acute cerebral infarction with various complica-tions. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment for an elder patient with acute cerebral infarction complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding, liver dysfunction and pulmonary infection through providing drug therapy information, analyzing the effect and safety of drug therapy and adjusting the pharmaceutical care plan according to the drug efficacy in time. Results:Taking use of phar-maceutical knowledge, clinical pharmacists provided whole-course pharmaceutical care for the treatment of the patient and coordinated with doctors to make the drug therapy, which guaranteed the effectiveness and safety of therapy. Conclusion:The old are with high in-cidence of cerebral infarction, and complications are common. Due to their physiological dysfunction and the other reasons, high safety risk exists in their drug therapy. Clinical pharmacists can use their professional knowledge to provide whole-course pharmaceutical care for the patients in order to improve the therapeutic effect and promote the rational drug use.

AIM: To analyze curative effect of four regulating-intestines prescriptions (Wumei Wan, Baitouweng Tang, Shenling Baizhu San and Tongxie Yao-fang) on the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) through summing up the previous animal experimental results.METHODS: We collected the conclusions in the papers related to four regulating-intestines prescriptions for the treatment of UC which were published recently, made comparisons from the aspectsof symptoms, physical sign, pathological change, cytokine and its protein expression, blood adhesion molecule, cell apoptosis and controlling gene and analyzed the pathogenesis of UC and action mechanism of four regulating-intestines prescriptions. Four regulating-intestines prescriptions included Wumei Wan,Baitouweng Tang, Shenling Baizhu San and Tongxie Yaofang. Wumei Wan is from Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which consists of dark plum, asarum herb, dried ginger, Chinese goldthread, Chinese angelica root, aconite root, pricklyash peel, cassia twig,ginseng (sun-dried ginseng) and bark of cork tree and has marked effect in treating colic caused by ascariasis and persistent dysentery. Baitouweng Tang, from Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases, consists of medicinal herbs such as pulsatilla root, Chinese goldthread, bark of cork tree and ash bark, which has functions of clearing away the heat-evil, expelling superficial evils and relieving dysentery. In addition, it has marked effect in treating heat-type dysentery. Shenling Baizhu San, from Prescriptions of Peaceful benevolent Dispensary, consists of medicinal herbs such as pulp of lotus seed, coix seed, amomum fruit, balloon flower root, white hyacinth bean, poria, ginseng (sun-dried ginseng), glycyrrhiza, bighead atractylodes and rhizoma dioscoreae, which has the nature of replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen and eliminate wetness to arrest diarrhea and has marked effect on treating diarrhea due to the hypofunction of spleen. Tongxie Yao-fang which is from The Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue consists of four herbals of agehead atractylodes, root of herbaceous peony, dried tangerine peel and ledebouriella root and has the functions of soothing liver and invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, and has marked effect on treating liver sthenia and deficient spleen, borborygmus and abdominal pain and diarrhea.RFSULTS: ① Because UC is a chronic protracted dysentery with deficiency of vital energy and existing of evil energy, the vital energy will be harmed if its treatment is specialized in removing and dissolving the stagnation, evil energy will continue to exist and stagnation will continue to accumulate if its treatment is specialized in strengthening vital energy and inducing astringency. Only supporting healthy energy and expelling evil energy is the correct therapy method. This is in accordance with the main treatment of Wumei Wan ②Eliminating dampness and pathogenic heat from the blood to treat diarrhea is the main treatment method of Baitouweng Tang, and this is incompletely suitable for the treatment of UC.③Shenling Baizhu San had the effect on soothing liver and invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, and this is also incompletely suitable for the treatment of UC. ④ The prescription of Tongxie Yaofang is used for treating diarrhea caused by deficient spleen and liver sthenia, and spleen controlled by liver, and abnormal ascent and descent. It accords with main pathogenesis of UC, deficient spleen, excessive dampness of deficient spleen and it is weaker in invigorating the spleen in catabasis of UC than Shenling Baizhu San. Therefore, Wumei Wan has the best curative effect,Baitouweng Tang the second, Shengling Baizhu San the third and Tongxie Yaofang a little poor.CONCLUSION: UC belongs to recurrent dysentery, and its pathogenesis is in accordance with the main treatment of Wumei Wan, but not the other three prescriptions, so Wumei Wan is the most efficient prescription in treating ulcerative colitis. Diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of signs and symptoms of TCM is the premise of obtaining the best curative effect. Modeling of animal tests must be consistent with the type of syndrome of the traditional Chinese medicine. Ating ulcerative colitis (UC) from aspects such as symptom, physical sign, pathological changes, adherence factor, cytokine and its protein expression, apoptosis and its controlling gene by means of modeling, which proves their functions and effects are different and their curative effect are also different due to their different ingredient though they all have the functions of treating. Results of this test show Wumei Wan has the best curative effect, Baitouweng Tang the second, Shenling Baizhu San the third and Tongxie Yaofang a little poor[1-11] Mechanism of four regulating-intestines prescription in the treatment of ulcerative colitis is discussed from the viewpoints of traditional Chinese medicine as follows.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the value of △Np63α in predicting tumor recurrence after curative resection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.Methods We analyzed △Np63α protein cxpression in 304 clinicopathologically characterized ESCC cases by immunohistochemistry.Results We found △Np63α expression was positive in 122 (40％) of 304 cases.△Np63α expression was higher in the cancer tissue than in non-tumorous control tissue at protein level(P =0.034).There was a significant difference of △Np63α expression in patients categorized according to invasive depth (P =0.001),tumor position (P =0.001) and lymph nodes metastasis condition (P =0.001).Multivariate analyses showed that △Np63α was an independent prognostic marker for ESCC recurrence.Conclusion △Np63α is associated with outcome of ESCC and can be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of ESCC patients after curative resection.

OBJECTIVE：Analyzing the epidemic of drug risistance bacteria with extend spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)in children's wards to cut off the transmitting pathway and prevent the outbreak of nosocomial infections in time.METHODS：Samples，including sputum，umbilical secretion，pus，pharyngeal swab，were collected from in-hospital child patients in Departments of Newborn，Respiratory Tract Diseases，Cardiology，Nephrology，Hematology，Pediatric Surgery and ICU，then bacterial cultures and drug susceptibility test were carried out.54 strains of ESBLs E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated and their plasmid profiles were analysed by agarose electrophoresis.RESULTS：The percentages of ESBLs in the above-mentioned departments were 46.3，12.9，5.6，12.9，5.6，11.1，5.6 respectively.In analysis，three types of profiles were found and strains with four types of the same profile concentrated in the Newborn Department.The others were dispersed.CONCLUSION：Nosocomial infections possibly occured in the Newborn Department to some extent.

Objective To explore the distribution and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the brain of neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods MSCs were isolated and purified by adhering to the culture glassware wall and prelabeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 72 h before transplantation. The model of HIE was established. At 24 h after hypoxic ischemia, approximate 4?10 6 cells were injected into the brain of neonatal rats with HIE through the right side bregma. The Nestin, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) were detected by immunofluorochemistry at 4 weeks after injection. Results Majority of MSCs were distributed in the cortex, hippocampus of the lesioned hemisphere. The number of MSCs was (2781?254) in the left hemisphere, but (4708?281) in the right hemisphere. There was significant difference (t=18.70, P0.05). The expression ratio of NSE was (3.79?0.95)% in the left hemisphere, but (5.69?1.48)% in the right hemisphere (t=3.404, P0.05). Conclusion MSCs are mainly distributed in the lesioned hemisphere and can differentiate into neuronal-like cells, express the mark of neural stem cells, neurons and neuroglial cells at 28 d after intracortical transplantation.

Objective To explore the effects of SLC concentration gradient on suppression of tumor immune escape. Methods According to different SLC concentration, there were six groups. The HLA-Ⅰexpression and apoptosis of MCF-7 were detected with FCM,and intracellular BCL-2 expression was analyzed by western blot. The production of TGF-? was detected with ELISA. Results In a certain range of concentration gradient, following SLC increase, HLA-Ⅰexpression level on MCF-7 was improved, and apoptosis was induced but BCL-2 expression was enhanced. Moreover, the secretion of TGF-? was suppressed. Conclusion SLC inhibites tumor immune escape.

Objective To observe the effect of ambroxol on the structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm (BF) in an established biofilm model in vitro. Method Mature BF was formed after 7 days′ culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on plate. The BF structure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The parameters of BF structure were analyzed though pictures from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with Image Structure Analyzer (ISA) software. Fluorescence intensity of the viable bacteria in BF treated by ambroxol alone and together with ciprofloxacin were determined with fluorescence microscopy. Results After the treatment of ambroxol, the BF was destroyed and the matrix outsides became thin and abnormal compared with the control by SEM, and small amount of bacteria dispersed. The results of ISA showed that with the treatment of 2 mg/ml ambroxol, BF was decreased in thickness, average diffusion distance (ADD) and textual entropy (TE) were decreased in comparison with the group without ambroxol treatment (P